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The author includes the crystal merchant to teach everybody a lesson to follow through with their personal legend

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The Englishman and Santiago keeps talking about alchemy and some alchemist.

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Why does the merchant prefer to dream about the Mecca instead of actually going there

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Again and again people are urged to follow their personal legend wether by their culture or religion

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Santiago gets all his money stolen from to be tour guide to the pyramids of Giza

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Santiago learns the phrase "Aktub" which is Arab for how it written and Santiago decides

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In ways, the crystal merchant can represent Santiago if he never decided to talk to the king and follow his personal legend

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Santiago learns that he has to find his personal legend or his life will never be fully complete.

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Santiago learns that not everybody is as good as Santioago thinks.

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He is a person Santiago meets who is studying alchemy in hope of turning lead into gold.

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One theme in the book is personal legends, I know this because everybody in the book that Santiago meets are either following their personal legend or intentionally ignoring it.

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Santiago decides to keep fallowing his personal legend instead of going back and being a Shepard.

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There is danger, and it is going to get in the way of Santiago and the treasure

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Tribal wars can last for long periods of time because they are both supported by the god Allah and can make the passage through the dessert long and laced with possible death.

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The universal language is a language spoken throughout the universe, spoken in omens, signs , and through people's personal legend

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Before Santiago embarks on the caravan, he meets an Englishman who is aspiring to be an  alchemist.

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Another symbol in the story is the sycamore tree in the church. The way the tree breaks brought the roof represents how Santiago will conquer his goals and break through the things that hold him down.

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Arabic

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Tribal wars in the desert.

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He learns that he can't trust everybody after getting his money stolen and that after working at the crystals shop he should still continue to find his personal legend

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While on the caravan, there is a looming tribal war in the dessert.

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The sheep are a symbol in story which represent how Santiago will love his sheep like friends but in the end when he has a better life he will treat them and a lot of people with disrespect because he is more important than them.

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Santiago meets a crystal merchant and he helps the merchant increase the business

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Santiago goes on a caravan to help him reach the pyramids of Giza.