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Accelerate timeline for countries committed to dose-sharing

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Accelerate timeline for countries committed to dose-sharing

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Prioritise global vaccinations over booster doses in the UK

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Prioritise global vaccinations over booster doses in the UK

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There is a significant gap in vaccinations between high income and low income countries

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There is a significant gap in vaccinations between high income and low income countries

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Pledges and fundings support from World's leaders (e.g. USA - 500mill doses)

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Pledges and fundings support from World's leaders (e.g. USA - 500mill doses)

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Decide upon the metric to be used when determining if an HI country is already in a stage wherein it can share vaccines. -Overall vaccination rates? -Second dose rates? -Vaccination rates of the most vulnerable groups?

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Decide upon the metric to be used when determining if an HI country is already in a stage wherein it can share vaccines. -Overall vaccination rates? -Second dose rates? -Vaccination rates of the most vulnerable groups?

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Joseph - https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2021/07/COVID-19-weekly-announced-vaccinations-01-July-2021.pdf

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Vaccine coverage: high vs low income countries

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Vaccine coverage: high vs low income countries

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We can see that HICs have much higher rates of vaccination coverage (all >60%) compared to LICs (all < 10%).

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Fundings for Training healthcare workers in Africa

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Fundings for Training healthcare workers in Africa

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Rwanda (Low income countries) achieving x2 the average for vaccines coverage in Africa

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Rwanda (Low income countries) achieving x2 the average for vaccines coverage in Africa

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Vaccine saves life. No one is protected unless we are all protected

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Vaccine saves life. No one is protected unless we are all protected

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- not all countries have equal access to life-saving vaccines.
-Leaving the virus unchecked, the result will be spikes in disease and deaths.
-Unchecked new variant will affect the vaccines efficacy.

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Support the development, production, and distribution of single-dose vaccines

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Support the development, production, and distribution of single-dose vaccines

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Joseph - CDC guidance suggests that J&J single-dose vaccine recipients have the option to take a second dose of any vaccine later down the line as boosters. Single-dose vaccines could prove to be an effective initial response to help LI countries catch up and establish a more solid foundation in fighting COVID-19 while longer term and higher efficacy solutions are being developed.

https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/different-vaccines/janssen.html

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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Important update: Healthcare facilities

CDC has updated select ways to operate healthcare systems effectively in response to COVID-19 vaccination. Learn more

Johnson & Johnson's Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine Overview and Safety

NOTICE: CDC now recommends that children between the ages of 5 and 11 years receive the Pfizer-BioNTech pediatric COVID-19 Vaccine. Learn more about vaccines for children and teens.

General Information

Name: JNJ-78436735

Manufacturer: Janssen Pharmaceuticals Companies of Johnson & Johnson

Type of Vaccine: Viral Vector

Number of Shots: 1 shot

Booster Shot: At least 2 months after receiving your vaccine. You can get any of the COVID-19 vaccines authorized in the United States for your booster shot. People who developed thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome after their initial Janssen vaccine should not receive a Janssen booster dose.

If you have had a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) or an immediate allergic reaction, even if it was not severe, to any ingredientexternal icon in the J&J/Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine (such as polysorbate), you should not get the J&J/Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine.

A severe allergic reaction is one that needs to be treated with epinephrine or EpiPen or with medical care. Learn about common side effects of COVID-19 vaccines and when to call a doctor.

An immediate allergic reaction means a reaction within 4 hours of exposure, including symptoms such as hives, swelling, or wheezing (respiratory distress).

If you aren't able to get the J&J/Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine, you may still be able to get a different type of COVID-19 vaccine. Get more information for people with allergies.

Johnson & Johnson (J&J)/Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine Ingredients

All COVID-19 vaccine ingredients are safe. Nearly all of the ingredients in COVID-19 vaccines are also the ingredients in many foods - fats, sugars, and salts. The J&J/Janssen COVID-19 vaccine also contains a piece of a modified virus that is not the virus that causes COVID-19. This modified virus is called the vector virus. The vector virus cannot reproduce itself, so it is harmless. This vector virus gives instructions to cells in the body to create an immune response. This response helps protect you from getting sick with COVID-19 in the future. After the body produces an immune response, it discards all of the vaccine ingredients just as it would discard any information that cells no longer need. This process is a part of normal body functioning.

All COVID-19 vaccines are manufactured with as few ingredients as possible and with very small amounts of each ingredient. Each ingredient in the vaccine serves a specific purpose as seen in the table below.

Full list of ingredients

The J&J/Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine contains the following ingredients:

Recombinant, replication-incompetent Ad26 vector, encoding a stabilized variant of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein

Polysorbate-80

2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin

Trisodium citrate dihydrate

Sodium chloride (basic table salt)

Citric acid monohydrate (closely related to lemon juice)

Ethanol (a type of alcohol)

A harmless version of a virus unrelated to the COVID-19 virus:
Recombinant, replication-incompetent Ad26 vector, encoding a stabilized variant of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein

Purpose
Provides instructions the body uses to build a harmless piece of a protein from the virus that causes COVID-19. This protein causes an immune response that helps to protect the body from getting sick with COVID-19 in the future.

Sugars, salts, acid, and acid stabilizer:

Polysorbate-80

2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin

Trisodium citrate dihydrate

Sodium chloride (basic table salt)

Citric acid monohydrate (closely related to lemon juice)

Ethanol (a type of alcohol)

Purpose
Work together to help keep the vaccine molecules stable while the vaccine is manufactured, shipped, and stored until it is ready to be given to a vaccine recipient.

Ingredients that are NOT used in COVID-19 vaccines

The above table lists ALL ingredients in the J&J/Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine. There are NO ingredients in this vaccine beyond what is listed in that table. The J&J/Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine has

No preservatives like thimerosal or mercury or any other preservatives.

No antibiotics like sulfonamide or any other antibiotics.

No medicines or therapeutics like ivermectin or any other medications.

No tissues like aborted fetal cells, gelatin, or any materials from any animal.

No food proteins like eggs or egg products, gluten, peanuts, tree nuts, nut products, or any nut byproducts (COVID-19 vaccines are not manufactured in facilities that produce food products).

No metals like iron, nickel, cobalt, titanium, rare earth alloys, or any manufactured products like microelectronics, electrodes, carbon nanotubes or other nanostructures, or nanowire semiconductors.

No latex. The vial stoppers used to hold the vaccine also do not contain latex.

Possible Side Effects

These side effects happen within a day or two of getting the vaccine. They are normal signs that your body is building protection and should go away within a few days.

Fainting After Vaccination

Fainting (syncope) and other events that may be related to anxiety like rapid breathing, low blood pressure, numbness, or tingling can happen after getting any vaccine. Although uncommon, these events are not unexpected, and they are generally not serious.

According to information from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), there were 653 reports of fainting events (fainting and near-fainting) among nearly 8 million doses of J&J/Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine administered in the United States in March and April 2021. This translates to a rate of about 8 fainting events for every 100,000 doses of the J&J/Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine given. These events occurred during the recommended 15-minute wait after vaccination. It's not clear at this time whether these events were associated with the vaccine or with anxiety, possibly related to preexisting concerns some people who chose to get the one-dose J&J/Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine may have about needles or shots.

By comparison, the rate of fainting after flu vaccination in 2019-2020 was 0.05 per 100,000 doses.

Other Authorized and Recommended COVID-19 Vaccines in the United States

You should get a COVID-19 vaccination as soon as possible. Do not wait for a specific brand. All currently authorized and recommended COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective, and CDC does not recommend one vaccine over another.

CDC does not recommend mixing products for an initial 2-dose vaccine series or additional doses. Mixing and matching COVID-19 vaccines is allowed for booster shots.

Safety Data Summary

In clinical trials, side effects were common within 7 days of getting vaccinated and were mostly mild. Some people had side effects that affected their ability to do daily activities.

Side effects were more common in people 18-59 years old compared to people 60 years and older.

There is a plausible causal relationship between J&J/Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine and a rare and serious adverse event-blood clots with low platelets (thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome, or TTS).

It occurs at a rate of about 7 per 1 million vaccinated women between 18 and 49 years old.

For women 50 years and older and men of all ages, this adverse event is even more rare.

Find the latest updates on J&J/Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine and blood clots with low platelets.

CDC will continue to provide updates as we learn more about the safety of the J&J/Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine in real-world conditions.

How Well the Vaccine Works

The J&J/Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine was 66.3% effective in clinical trials (efficacy) at preventing laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection in people who received the vaccine and had no evidence of being previously infected. People had the most protection 2 weeks after getting vaccinated.

In the clinical trials, the vaccine had high efficacy at preventing hospitalization and death in people who did get sick. No one who got COVID-19 at least 4 weeks after receiving the J&J/Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine had to be hospitalized.

CDC will continue to provide updates as we learn more about how well the J&J/Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine works in real-world conditions.

Clinical Trial Demographic Information

Clinical trials for the J&J/Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine included people from the following racial, ethnic, age, and sex categories:

Race:

62% White

17% Black or African American

8% American Indian or Alaska Native

5% multiple races

4% Asian

0.3% Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander

Ethnicity:

45% Hispanic or Latino

52% not Hispanic or Latino

3% unknown

Sex:

56% male

45% female

<0.1% undifferentiated or unknown sex

Age breakdown:

67% 18-59 years

34% 60 years and older

20% 65 years and older

4% 75 years and older

Forty (40.8%) of people who participated in the clinical trials had at least one condition that put them at risk of severe illness from COVID-19. The most frequent underlying medical conditions among participants were obesity (28.7%), high blood pressure (10.2%), type 2 diabetes (7.3%), and HIV infection (2.7%).

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Information about the J&J/Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine

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Important update: Healthcare facilities CDC has updated select ways to operate healthcare systems effectively in response to COVID-19 vaccination. Learn more Johnson & Johnson's Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine Overview and Safety NOTICE: CDC now recommends that children between the ages of 5 and 11 years receive the Pfizer-BioNTech pediatric COVID-19 Vaccine.

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Britain has delivered 4.7 million dose, far short of the 30 million pledged

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Britain has delivered 4.7 million dose, far short of the 30 million pledged

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Continue initiatives on training healthcare workers in between vaccine supply shipments

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Continue initiatives on training healthcare workers in between vaccine supply shipments

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Joseph - https://africacdc.org/news-item/government-of-japan-supports-africas-joint-continental-strategy-for-covid-19-response/

https://www.unicef.org/southsudan/press-releases/unicef-welcomes-japans-contribution-strengthen-cold-chain-system-south-sudan

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People fully vaccinated per 100k w/ WHO goals

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People fully vaccinated per 100k w/ WHO goals

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Joseph - @Yen-Added the lines pertaining to the WHO's 40% EOY and 70% mid-2022 goals

The graph shows that Japan and the UK are well in advance of the targets set by the WHO even up to mid-2022 while Uganda and Ethiopia have barely even started working towards 10%, much less 40% EOY

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Target audience: UK Policy makers e.g. JCVI

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Target audience: UK Policy makers e.g. JCVI

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HI countries (e.g.UK, Canada) double-dipped (securing vaccinnes thru COVAX and Bilateral trade deals)

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HI countries (e.g.UK, Canada) double-dipped (securing vaccinnes thru COVAX and Bilateral trade deals)

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Reaching global immunity will enable economic and trade activities to resume sooner, and lessen the burden on the NHS

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Reaching global immunity will enable economic and trade activities to resume sooner, and lessen the burden on the NHS

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In line with the WHO's vaccination goals, 40% vaccination rate 2021 EOY is an achievable model of success, especially in LI countries struggling to reach even 10% as of the end of Sep 2021

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In line with the WHO's vaccination goals, 40% vaccination rate 2021 EOY is an achievable model of success, especially in LI countries struggling to reach even 10% as of the end of Sep 2021

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Joseph - https://www.who.int/campaigns/vaccine-equity

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Context

In 2021, WHO set the target for 70% global vaccination coverage by mid-2022.

A continued, concerted and country-led push to deliver against nationally defined vaccination strategies can act in support of global targets.

The greatest benefits within that approach will come from prioritizing full vaccination and boosters for high-risk populations - older adults, healthcare workers, and persons with co-morbidities including immunocompromised persons.

Solutions

Strong leadership engagement and commitment to detailed and costed vaccination plans are essential. Momentum to vaccinate high-priority groups, like healthcare workers, over 60s and people who are immunocompromised, must be maintained.

National healthcare system capacity needs to be strengthened. Increasingly COVID-19 vaccination services will need to be integrated with other immunization services and alongside other health and social interventions for maximum impact and to build long-term capacity.

As people's risk perception of the virus wanes, careful risk communication and community engagement plans need to be adapted to enhance demand for vaccination, and domestic and international funding needs to be coordinated, available and swift to deliver against clear country plans.

The COVID-19 Vaccine Delivery Partnership, a collective international effort with 'One Country Team', 'One Plan', and 'One Budget' was launched by WHO, UNICEF, and Gavi with international partners including the World Bank to intensify country readiness and intensify delivery support. It focuses on 34 low coverage countries, with the government at the center, to accelerate COVID-19 vaccination.

Accelerating COVID-19 Vaccine Deployment

Removing obstacles to increase coverage levels and protect those at high risk

Removing obstacles to increase coverage levels and protect those at high risk

The first meeting of G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors under the Indonesian Presidency was held on 17 and 18 February 2022. The communique requested WHO and the World Bank, and implementing partners to work further with countries to report on obstacles to, and accelerate, vaccine deployment strategies to get more COVID-19 vaccines into arms.

This report, produced to answer that request, has been prepared with the support of six international bodies involved in work to support higher levels of COVID-19 vaccination coverage and the leadership of the COVID-19 Vaccine Delivery Partnership (CoVDP) and ACT-Accelerator Hub.

WHO and the World Bank worked in collaboration with the IMF and WTO as members of the Multilateral Leaders Task Force on COVID-19 as well as Gavi and UNICEF as members of the CoVDP to co-produce this report.

Opinion pieces

We're trapped in Pandemica, but we know a way out, watch our video series on vaccine equity

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In 2021, WHO set the target for 70% global vaccination coverage by mid-2022. A continued, concerted and country-led push to deliver against nationally defined vaccination strategies can act in support of global targets. The greatest benefits within that approach will come from prioritizing full vaccination and boosters for high-risk populations - older adults, healthcare workers, and persons with co-morbidities including immunocompromised persons.

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Orphanhood and caregiver deaths are a hidden pandemic resulting from COVID-19-associated deaths. Accelerating equitable vaccine delivery is key to prevention.

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Orphanhood and caregiver deaths are a hidden pandemic resulting from COVID-19-associated deaths. Accelerating equitable vaccine delivery is key to prevention.

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Using Rwanda to demonstrate African countries can control outbreak if vaccines are allocated to them timely

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Using Rwanda to demonstrate African countries can control outbreak if vaccines are allocated to them timely

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Sandy - I google "Rwanda" and the above two plots are displayed. Source: JHU CSSE COVID-19 Data. I will try this plot with R later.
We can use Rwanda as an example to convince policy makers that vaccines really help!