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SDG Goal 12- Responsible Consumption and Production

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SDG Goal 12- Responsible Consumption and Production

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12. Responsible consumption and production

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advait- mangroves concrete news clipping of 2-12-21

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Mumbai celebrates every festival. This is made with recycled paper at the Table restaurant. It is starting to look a lot like Christmas🎄

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Bombay High Court.

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On one side of Oval Maidan are Art Deco buildings. On the other you see Victorian Gothic archtecture like the Rajabhai Clock Tower, Bombay High Court etc.

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Mumbai has the second highest number of Art Deco buildings after Miami.

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My favourite landmark in Mumbai. The Hulk looking at Chowpatty Beach.

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The Bombay Gymkhana

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My visit to Kamala Nehru park to breathe some fresh air in the pandemic. 

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My visit to Kamala Nehru park to breathe some fresh air in the pandemic. 

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At the Bombay Gymkhana - Trying to be Hulk

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----- By Conservation Architect Sanaeya Vandrewala.
In light of the latest inscription of the Victorian Gothic and Art Deco ensemble of Mumbai into the UNESCO World Heritage List and in-keeping with the theme of the previous articles about contribution of Parsis to the growth of India and Bombay as a financial capital listed below are the buildings with either contributions of Philanthropic Parsis or designers of these superlative structures that constitute the World Heritage Site.

By the end of the 17th Century, mercantile communities were encouraged to settle to assist in the rise of Bombay city with assurance of religious freedom, liberty to trade and build homes. At the very beginning of the rise of Bombay, this laid the foundations for the city's cosmopolitan character and robust financial strength. Among the first communities to settle were Gujarati Banias, Brahmins from Salsette, Parsis, and Armenians. These new communities added to the local population of Kolis, Bhandaris, Agris, Prabhus who were domiciled since the 13th century. By the end of the 18th century, a large population of Parsis had migrated towards Bombay. Parsis had merged with the Indian life and were doing well in various trades and businesses. By 19th century Parsis had become the foremost figures in Bombay establishing the first business houses in the country, they emerged at the local, district and regional level with social and economic gains that were elite based. Thus by the 20th Century Parsis along with other communities they played a major role in making Bombay the richest and the most important industrial and commercial center of India.

Bombay's historic architecture was built on the foundations of public subscription, entrepreneurship, and philanthropy. Parsi industrialists and entrepreneurs, Hindu and Jain bankers and traders, Muslim and Baghdadi Jewish merchants, Armenians, Salsette Christians and English invested in the future of this emerging city, contributing to the urban landscape during the rise of Bombay.

With the cotton boom in the wake of the American Civil war and the opening up of the Suez Canal, Bombay emerged as a global port city in the 19th century. The demolition of the fort walls in the 1860s created a vast expanse of open space for the once fortified town, giving the British an opportunity to implement an ambitious urban design scheme to position Bombay as Urbs Prima in Indis, 'the first city of India", and second only to London in the vast British Empire.

1. Convocation Hall, University Complex - Designed by Sir Gilbert Scott this is the most magnificent
architectural complex in the city. Sir Cowasjee Jehangir with a hefty donation of Rs. 1 lac to the total budget of Rs. 4 lacs generously contributed to the construction of this beautiful Venetian Neo-Gothic structure standing steadfast since 1874 facing the Oval Maidan.

2. Elphinstone College - Designed by Khan Bahadur Mancherjee Murzban in a Neo-Romanesque style meant to house the Government printing press later was inaugurated in 1888 to house the Elphinstone College and State Archives, illustrious alumni including Sir Pherozeshah Mehta, Dadabhai Naoroji, Bhulabhai Desai, Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar to name a few. A generous amount was collected by public subscription which had a huge sum contributed by Sir Cowasjee Jehangir.

Sir Cowasjee Jehangir Hall-National Gallery of Modern Art - Designed by the George Wittet, consulting Architect to Government of India who also designed the Gateway of India and Prince of Wales Museum, the Cowasjee Jehangir Hall stands in the crossing of two major roads whose foundation was laid in 1911 but the building was only opened in 1920 due to the outbreak of the World war in 1914. Designed in Renaissance Revival style the hall is an impressive 100 feet in diameter, housing the National Gallery of Modern Art since 1996 also built with a huge donation from Sir Cowasjee Jehangir.

Jehangir Art gallery - Built-in 1950's with funds from Cowasjee Jehangir family, the gallery was first of its
kind in the Kala Ghoda art district. Till date, the pavement plaza outside the gallery provides a platform for budding artists to showcase their art.

5. Regal Cinema - Designed by Charles Steven, son of Frederick William Stevens (famous for designing Victoria Terminus, Municipal Headquarters, Royal Alfred Sailors Home etc) was constructed in 1934 in Reinforced Cement Concrete and was one of the finest theatres in the city of Bombay owned by Globe Theatres Company of K.A. Kooka and F. H .Sidhwa. With interior murals designed by an expatriate Czechoslovakian, Karl Scahara, it is the finest Art Deco examples in the city.

6. Eros Cinema - Funded by entrepreneur Shavak Cambatta and designed by Sohrabji Bhedwar, constructed in the Art Deco style, Eros Cinema was inaugurated in 1938 and was the final word in style and elegance.

7. Several Art Deco buildings of the Backbay Reclamation Scheme completed in 1930's built on the other side of Oval Maidan opposite the University Complex and along the Marine Drive had Parsi Architectural firms as designers to name a few, Contractor & Kanga, P.C. Dastur, Merwanjee & Bana, Mistri & Bhedwar, K.P. Daver etc and many of them had Shapoorji Pallonji as the Contractors.

To know more about the Mumbai world heritage site, heritage walks are conducted in the heritage precincts for further information or for private, customized tours please contact on email address heritagewalksmumbai@gmail.com or visit our facebook page https://www.facebook.com/MumbaiHeritageWalks/

Bibliography:

http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1480/ for Mumbai's inscription

Dwivedi, S and Mehrotra, R (1995) Bombay- The Cities within. Mumbai: Indian Book House Pvt. Ltd.

Dwivedi, S and Mehrotra, R (1999) Fort Walks. Mumbai: Eminence Designs Pvt. Ltd.

Photo credits- Getty Images

Note: Formerly known as Bombay in English, the name of the city was later adapted from its indigenous term in the state language Marathi into English in the year 1995 to be know called as

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The Rise of Bombay: Contribution of Parsis to the World Heritage Site - Mumbai Blogg

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By Conservation Architect Sanaeya Vandrewala. In light of the latest inscription of the Victorian Gothic and Art Deco ensemble of Mumbai into the UNESCO World Heritage List and in-keeping with the theme of the previous articles about contribution of Parsis to the growth of India and Bombay as a financial capital listed below are the buildings with either contributions of Philanthropic Parsis or designers of these superlative structures that constitute the World Heritage Site.

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when they built bridges, were they polluting the ocean and killing sea creatures?

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when they built bridges, were they polluting the ocean and killing sea creatures?

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Is the coastal road good for the sea and the environment? Why is it needed?

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Is the coastal road good for the sea and the environment? Why is it needed?

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How was the Sea Link construction work done under the ocean?

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How was the Sea Link construction work done under the ocean?

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Who was Shivaji? Why is everything in Mumbai named after him?

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Who was Shivaji? Why is everything in Mumbai named after him?

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Why are there less trees and more buildings?

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Why are there less trees and more buildings?

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Why are there so many beggars on the streets?

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Why are there so many beggars on the streets?

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Why is Mumbai called the city of dreams?

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Why is Mumbai called the city of dreams?

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There are villages also in Mumbai

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Why is Mumbai so big and beautiful ?

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Mumbai still has lovely public gardens- my visit to hanging garden on the weekend. 

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Mumbai still has lovely public gardens- my visit to hanging garden on the weekend. 

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Models of Mumbai sky scrappers.

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From mills to malls

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Mumbai infrastructure- past versus present 

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Mumbai infrastructure- past versus present 

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Who were the first people to live in Mumbai?

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When was SeaLink Built? Is it new?

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Does Mumbai have many bridges?

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Victoria Terminus is a Heritage place which was build by British.

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How big were cars in the olden days compared to the cars we have now. What is the difference in how they work, I am wondering.

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Were there Hotels and restaurants in the olden days in Mumbai & are there Hotels and restaurants in the villages?

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Indian Railways First Pod Hotel at Mumbai Central Station

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Rajabhai Tower-High Court to be opened to public

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Hop On Hop Off (HO-HO) bus services to be launched by B.E.S.T

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Concrete road runs through Mangrove patch in Malad

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advait- mangroves concrete news clipping of 2-12-21

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There are a lot of  huts also in Mumbai. 

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There are a lot of  huts also in Mumbai. 

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How big are the schools in villages compared to the schools in cities?

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Why are there more farms in villages than cities ?

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Why are there more farms in villages than cities ?

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Why does Mumbai have different weather than Lonavala?

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Why does Mumbai have different weather than Lonavala?

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Why are there so many homeless people in Mumbai?

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Why are there so many homeless people in Mumbai?

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I love seeing the skyline of the city from marine drive/ Queen’s necklace

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There is so much traffic in cities and so much construction work happening on marine drive.

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Is there anything even  more modern than a city?

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Is there anything even  more modern than a city?

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Do people in cities make their homes all by themselves?

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Do people in cities make their homes all by themselves?

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Can you make houses without cutting trees?

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Can you make houses without cutting trees?

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Cutting trees is not good for the environment

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Cutting trees is not good for the environment

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Where Do people take a shower in villages?

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Where Do people take a shower in villages?

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In my didi's village there are animals who chase people- that is why I like cities more

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In my didi's village there are animals who chase people- that is why I like cities more

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If a city is full of buildings, how do we make it bigger?

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If a city is full of buildings, how do we make it bigger?

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Why arent there chairs in a classroom in a village?

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Why arent there chairs in a classroom in a village?

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How do people go to the bathroom in villages and how do they have a bath?

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How come there was a village in the middle of buildings?

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hOW DO YOU KNOW ABOUT COLUMNS?> OF A BUILDING?

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Wouldn't a pyramid just fall down because it doesn't have have cylinders and it is so tall?

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Wouldn't a pyramid just fall down because it doesn't have have cylinders and it is so tall?

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Did the city actually have a king and a queen?

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Did the city actually have a king and a queen?

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Why did the Britishers want to rule Mumbai?

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Why did the Britishers want to rule Mumbai?

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Why are there so many buildings in Mumbai?

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Why are there so many buildings in Mumbai?

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Is there any city which is bigger than Mumbai?

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Is there any city which is bigger than Mumbai?

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Why do the buildings in Mumbai look so different?

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Why do the buildings in Mumbai look so different?

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Why are some buildings so tall and some so small?

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Why are some buildings so tall and some so small?

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Why do so many people stand near Gateway of India?

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Why do so many people stand near Gateway of India?

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Why do so many people from all over India come to Mumbai?

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Why do so many people from all over India come to Mumbai?

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There are so many people in Mumbai. Where does all the garbage go?

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There are so many people in Mumbai. Where does all the garbage go?

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Why did the name change from 'Bombay' to 'Mumbai'?

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Why did the name change from 'Bombay' to 'Mumbai'?