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The city upon a hill theory started in the Massachusetts Bay colony where the citizens would be in a utopia in which God could be found in every scripture and develop strong work ethic. Jon Winthrop, the person who created the concept of the "City Upon a Hill" created it to set a president for Christians around the world. During this time Puritans built colleges like Harvard, Princeton, Yale... etc. that taught the young men the wise word of God. They taught "grace" which was a free gift of salvation and that total depravity, the belief that everyone is a sinner at birth was extremely present in the city upon a hill. These ideas were highlighted in the Crucible by determining who is partaking in unholy practices

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Calvinism is a protestant theological system of thought of by Ken Johnson. This system was built off of John Calvin and his successors emphasizing on the grace of god and the doctrine of predestination. Puritans shared common Calvinists beliefs such as total depravity, predestination, and limited atonement as the Puritans were a theocracy, a community governed by god. The Calvinistic belief that the existence of witchcraft added to most of the hysteria and fear towards witches along with Satanic beliefs.

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Puritans is a reformed version of Christianity when the movement started in England between Elizabeth and Charles the II. The Puritans built their beliefs on John Calvin as they despise all catholic churches who didn't practice how the lord intended. After the death of Elizabeth, Charles the II dissolved the parliament causing a "witch-hunt" against the puritans which drove them out of state demanding that anyone would be killed if they didn't support the new angelic church. They would soon leave for the new world in 1620 and established the Massachusetts bay colony

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Witch hysteria in Salem was brought upon by unfortunate serious of events where prior to these events people would actually admit to being witches and damn those who would attack them. The strong belief that Satan was real in the "invisible world" effected Salem massively as they thought he was responsible for diseases, natural disasters, bad luck... etc. Mixed with Salem having the worst years its faced they believed it more. This fear caused Salem to be a secluded city in the forest. The belief that Satan would recruit witches and wizards to work f or him was widely feared as everyone was on edge.

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The image above shows a hysterical court room depicting witches in Salem, MA highlighting the most atrocious acts a witch could do. As the jury watches in suspense shocked in horror, weapons drawn, and men fainting. Don't be fooled though, the jury is now what it seems it is a jury of the cursed and possessed who would oversee if someone was put to do death or not. This is one of two-hundred cases in Salem where people were accused. Only 19 faced hanging, 4 died in jail, and 1 man got crushed to death with rocks.