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The colonial period in Virginia began in 1607 when English settlers found American land, and ended in 1776 with the establishment of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Although a thriving Native American society had existed for thousands of years before the English settler colonized it, war with the European settlers and the introduction of new diseases left the Natives of the land helpless.

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The American Colonization Society (ACS), originally known as the Society for the Colonization of Free People of Color of America. It was founded in 1816 by Robert Finley, and the purpose was to encourage and support the migration / exploitation of enslaved African Americans to the continent of Africa.

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Harriet Tubman was an American abolitionist and political activist. She was born into slavery and escaped. She then made 13 missions to rescue approximately enslaved people, and give them a chance of freedom.

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The Jacksonian democracy was founded in 1825, and expanded suffrage to most white men over the age of 21, as well as restructured a number of federal institutions.

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June 18, 1844

The Provisional Government passes Oregon’s first black exclusion law. It states that blacks people who tried to settle in Oregon would be publicly whipped, and receive thirty-nine lashes, repeated every six months – until they left Oregon.

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The Compromise of 1850 was a series of five separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850, that defused a political confrontation between slave and free states on the status of territories acquired in the Mexican–American War.

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The Fugitive Slave Act or Fugitive Slave Law was passed by the United States Congress on September 18, 1850, as part of the Compromise of 1850 between Southern interests in slavery and Northern Free-Soilers.

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Booker Taliaferro Washington was an American educator and author, as well as an advisor to several presidents of the United States. Between 1890 and 1915, Washington was the dominant leader in the African American community and of the contemporary black elite

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In the United states, before the the abolition of slavery in America, " Free Blacks" described the legal status of African Americans who were not enslaved.

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The Black code restricted and led to severe limitations on the rights of freedmen, while also ensuring that former slaves would continue to be exploited for cheap labor in the state. The primary issues addressed in the codes were civil rights, apprenticeships, vagrancy, and criminal law.

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After the Civil War, and slavery was abolished, it still persisted in the form of convict leasing, a which Southern states leased prisoners to private railways, mines, and large plantations. While states profited, prisoners earned no pay and faced inhumane, dangerous, and often deadly work conditions.

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"The Antebellum South was a period in the history of the Southern United States from the conclusion of the American Revolutionary War in 1783 until the start of the American Civil War in 1861. The Antebellum South was characterized by the use of slavery and the culture slavery fostered."

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The Civil war in the United States was fought between the Union states and the Confederate states. The main cause of the war was the status of slavery, especially the expansion of slavery into territories acquired as a result of the Louisiana Purchase and the Mexican–American War.

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William Edward Burghardt Du Bois was an American sociologist, socialist, historian and a civil rights activist.

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After slavery was formally abolished in America, lynching became a tool for racial control, to reestablish white supremacy as well as suppress Black civil rights. More than 4,000 Black people were lynched across America between 1877 and 1950

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Plessy v. Ferguson, was a huge decision of the U.S. Supreme Court, in which the Court ruled that racial segregation laws did not violate the U.S. Constitution as long as the facilities for each race were equal in quality, a doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equal"

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Marcus Mosiah Garvey Sr. Was a Jamaican political activist, publisher, journalist, entrepreneur, and orator. He was the founder and first President-General of the "Universal Negro Improvement Association" and African Communities League

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The Great Migration, sometimes known as the Great Black Migration, was the movement of six million African Americans out of the rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest and West that occurred between 1916 and 1970

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The Harlem Renaissance was an intellectual and cultural revival of African American music, dance, art, fashion, literature, theater and politics centered in Harlem, Manhattan, New York City, during the 1920s and 1930s.

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The Summer is the period from late winter through early autumn of 1919 during which white supremacist terrorism and racial riots took place in more than three dozen cities across the United States.

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The Tulsa race massacre took place in 1921, when mobs of white residents attacked Black residents and destroyed homes and businesses of the Greenwood District in Tulsa, Oklahoma

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The Board of Education Topeka, was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality.

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The civil rights movement was a struggle for social justice that took place mainly during the 1950s and 1960s for Black Americans to gain equal rights under the law in the United States.

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Karenga was a major figure in the Black Power Movement of the 1960s, and his goal in creating Kwanzaa was to give black people an alternative to the highly commercialized Christmas holiday and provide an opportunity to instill pride, create a sense of identity, purpose, and direction for people of African ancestry.

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"Martin Luther King Jr. was an American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesman and leader in the American civil rights movement from 1955 until his assassination in 1968."

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Southern University, in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, was one of the largest historically Black college in the nation. In 1970, over 10,000 Black students attended the university.

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George Floyd died on Memorial Day, May 25, 2020, on a Minneapolis, Minnesota street. He was suffocated to death by Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin. He held his knee on Floyd’s neck for over nine minutes, killing him. His death went viral, sparking anger, outrage, and indignation on a global scale.