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Romanov Dynasty controlled the Russian Empire in the 19th Century. Most people made their money from being a serf. Serfdom was eventually abolished in 1861.

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Nicholas became the ruler of Czar in 1894 when his father died. At that time Russia was far behind on industrial production for Western Europe. This created a larger class of urban poor.

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When the people went to ask Czar for help, Over 500 unarmed people were killed. The people wanted to reduce time working to 8 hours, and to increase women and unskilled worker’s pay.

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The Dumas supported a constitutional monarchy that would leave Nicholas as Czar, but it wanted the real power of Russia to be elected. Nicholas wanted all the power. Czar was Commander-in-Chief of the Russian army and navy and could approve laws; and without his approval no legislative measure can become law.

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Before WWI the Russians were allied with the French, British and Slavic nation. Princes killing the archduke made the Austrians mad at the Serbians. The Serbians ask for Russian help because they can’t defend themselves.

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Russian troops were not as strong as the Western European industrial nations of Germany and Austria. Food and other supplies were in desperate need for the people which made Czar realize the serious battle conditions. 1,700,000 Russians died.

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Nicholas left Rasputin to fend for the country when he went to war. Rasputin was rumored to be lovers with the Czarina. The Czarina did not listen to advisors about Rasputin. They tried to poison Rasputin, then tried to shoot him...didnt work, then eventually shot him again and then threw him in ice water.

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Workers began to strike and soldiers began to desert their posts in order to show unhappiness. Rioters began stealing food and supplies and the troops joined in which made the Czar abdicate his thrown (give up power). Nicholas left his throne to Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich.

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Provisional Government takes over, Spring 1917

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Provisional Government takes over, Spring 1917

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The provisional government was used to make democratic principles for the Western world. The provisional government was not successful because they couldn’t keep control. Provisional leaders didnt give up power because it would have greatly weakened and threatened the revolution.

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The Bolsheviks were the communist followers of Karl Marx in Russia. Communism looked good to the poor who had little to lose anyways. Lenin Promised the people Peace, Land and Bread. Lenin was telling the people to revolt.

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The Bolsheviks take power, Revolution of October 1917

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The Bolsheviks take power, Revolution of October 1917

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Lenin and his followers began to take over St. Petersburg. The provisional government collapsed and created a civil war between Red Army (With communism) against White army(against communism). Started The Commission to watch the press, saboteurs, strikers, and the Right Social-Revolutionaries.

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Russians lost territory including Poland, Finland and the Ukraine. 8 months later, the Germans, Austrians, and Ottomans surrendered. The point of the treaty was to crear Russian troops from multiple places

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Death of Nicholas II and his family, July 1918

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Death of Nicholas II and his family, July 1918

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The Royal Family got moved to the town of Ekaterinburg. Nicholas and his family were woken up in the middle of the night, moved to the basement and shot, burned with acid and thrown down a well. Alexi was the last one murdered.

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The new name of Russia under Lenin was United Soviet Socialist Republic or USSR. The addition countries included were Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.

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The Red Army and the Bolsheviks eventually won the Russian Army. The country was almost fully ruined. Roads, factories, farms and railroads were destroyed. As well as famine and drought in the 1920s.

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Lenin was bedridden because he had suffered a series of strokes that eventually left him and unable to speak. Josef Stalin took over and ruled for more than thirty years.