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Meeting between President Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin to discuss post WWII plans.

Effects: Stalin agreed to help the Americans in Japan in exchange for a sphere of influence in Manchuria. Agreed to free elections in Eastern Europe after the war. After the death of Roosevelt however, Stalin and Truman clashed and tension rose between the two powers.

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October 24th, 1945
The united nations was created as a replacement of the league of nations and the United Nations charter was ratified on October 24th 1945.

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July 26th 1946

The United States conducted the 1st ever underwater nuclear test in Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean. They wanted to see how animals and navy ships reacted to a nuclear blast but also test their nuclear might. Most of the animals died and the ships became to radioactive to use so it had to be sunk. To this day the area is still radio active along with the surrounding islands and habitat. But the habitat has made steps to recovery in the last 75 years.

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The document was made by President Harry S. Truman and stated that the U.S. would provide any assistance to other democratic/non-communist nations under threats.
Effects: This ultimately lead to the "Red Scare" in the 1950's
Causes: Assisting governments resisting communism

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1948
The Marshall plan was a European aid program that was created by the U.S. in 1948 to help recovery efforts after the end of WW2. The program gave a total of $15 billion in funding to  Western European countries.

The two main effects of the plan were increased economic and political strength. For economic strength, the plan accounted for a small portion of the countries GDP, but those with aid reached levels higher then before the war. The plan is also credited with helping lead to the formation of NATO, the political impact.

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Communist Takeover in Czechoslovakia (1948 - 1989)

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Communist Takeover in Czechoslovakia (1948 - 1989)

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At the end of WWII, Czechoslovakia was not with the Soviet Union but the United States feared it would have influence on the nation. Edvard Benes, who was head of the London-based Czech government-in-exile during the war, opposed the rearmament of Germany and this caused issues since the US thought an armed Germany would help fight against Soviet powers. So, the US terminated a large loan to Czechoslovakia and this made their economy crumble and become overpowered with communists. Later, a communist leader won in a rigged election and the US and Great Britain did nothing but verbal action towards it. The effects were that now there were communist influences in Czechoslovakia and the nation separated into the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

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The soviets blocked all entries, railroads, ports, etc. to stop supplies from coming into Berlin, leaving the people there stranded and starving. This was the cause of the Berlin Airlift to be created

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The North Atlantic Treaty Organization also known as NATO was formed on April 14th, 1949. It was formed to prevent the spread of communism after Soviet Russia began claiming European countries. NATO was formed to create cooperation so the Allies could resist against conflicts involving communism. The effect of NATO can be seen when the Soviet Union crated the Warsaw pact as a direct response to the NATO treaty. It's affect can also be seen in the formation of CENTO and SEATO, two more organizations hoping to stop communisms spread.

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Russia Tests its First Atomic Bomb, August 29th 1949

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Russia Tests its First Atomic Bomb, August 29th 1949

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In 1949, in the Semipalatinsk test site in Kazakhstan, the Soviet Union finally conducted their first successful nuclear weapon test and launch. The cause of this event was a Russian physicist named Georgy Flyorov. Since the Allied powers had made no announcements of new nuclear technology, and he assumed they were hard at work. This physicist went to Stalin to try and convince him to start a nuclear program. They started this in 1942, but Germany's invasion slowed the project. Then, when Stalin heard of the bombing of Hiroshima, he accelerated the program until they finished their first test.

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Mao Zedong establishes the People’s Republic of China: October 1st, 1949

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Mao Zedong establishes the People’s Republic of China: October 1st, 1949

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Cause: After the Chinese Civil War, communist Mao Zedong founded the People's Republic of China.

Effect: There was a food shortage and many people died from starvation. Mao had a movement called the Cultural Revolution try to enforce communism on China. They took people who disagreed with Mao to 'reeducation camps.'

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The korean war was fought between North Korea and South Korea because North Korea was communist and they invaded noncommunist South Korea. The U.S helped South Korea fight. This war brought lots of damage and devastation to both Koreas. Damage to both economies and military personal.

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Signed in September 1954, it was created to block further communist gains in Southeast Asia. SEATO was considered a failure because of it's inner conflicts with the countries involved and the use of it's military. But it also helped Southeast Asian countries with its educational programs. The United States, France, Great Britain, New Zealand, Australia, the Philippines, Thailand and Pakistan signed the treaty, but on 30 June 1977, it was dissolved due to its members losing interest.

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The Warsaw Pact was a mutual defense organization that put Soviets in command and power of the armed forces of the member states. This pact was signed by hierarchy including Soviet Union, Albania, Poland, Romania, Hungary, East Germany, Czechoslovakia and Bulgaria as correlators to this pact. The treaty acted as a protection to the members within in a group in which a member is attacked from an outside force they will come allied and led by  Marshal Ivan S. Konev of the Soviet Union. There was another group in which expanded on the topic of remilitarization, this in which called NATO, a decision made by the United States to allow West Germany to become part of NATO on May 9th, 1955. As to adding West Germany to NATO the Soviets obviously found this as a threat.

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Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) 1955-1979

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Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) 1955-1979

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The Central treaty organization was made due to increasing soviet expansion in oil producing regions of the middle east, this brought together Turkey, The UK, Iran, and Pakistan to create a mutual security organization. The US later joined and the organization was then named CENTO. Although the efforts weren't very effective, as the countries weren't able to come to a consensus and send troops in. But they helped raise money for education, agriculture and medicine.  Lauren Kremer

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This was was a very long and expensive war for both sides to fight. It was a major conflict that turned the communist government of the North on towards the South and the untied states. Along with the Cold War which was ongoing during this time led for even more pressure and intensity. One of the biggest effects of this war was the death toll, which reached 250,000+.

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The cause of the hungarian revolution was a revolt towards the ruling Stalinist group and Communist party. Also, this revolt was a response to post-war Hungary's crippling development under Moscow's Soviet policies and oppression. The effects this revolution had were greater consolidation of Soviet control over both Hungary and the region. Also, the crisis exposed the ideological bankruptcy of Soviet communism and the brutality of Moscow’s methods, and served as a permanent symbol for the causes of self-determination and independence in the region.

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Sputnik is launched                (Oct 4, 1957)

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Sputnik is launched                (Oct 4, 1957)

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the soviet union launched sputnik which was the worlds first artificial satellite officially to study the earth and solar system. this led to many americans fearing how advanced they were in their technology which was strides more advanced than the US.

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The Great Leap Forward was a policy put in place in China in attempt to have both the agricultural and industrial sector to develop together. Peasant lands were reorganized into communesthe the state owned to be large agricultural communities. Protesters were either sent to "reeducation camps" or killed. China continued to export grain even during severe food shortages caused by failing harvests. This was in effort to keep agriculture up with the industrial sector. Although due to the lack of food, around 20 million Chinese died from starvation so by 1960 the Great Leap Forward policy was abandoned.

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Fidel Castro comes to power - February 16, 1959

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Fidel Castro comes to power - February 16, 1959

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Castro got into an argument with senior Cuban government officials over their decision to close casinos and brothels.  Since he had considerable power the prime minister fled the country and Castro was sworn in.

Effect: He redistributed the land, made many foreign visits, nationalized many industries, made the sitting president resign, and grew close to the Soviets by provoking the US

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The Soviet Union shot down a US spy plane that was gathering information on their military advancements. The US first claimed it was a lost weather plane, but later admitted it was a spy plane in order to save their upcoming meeting with other world powers, but the Soviet Union backed out, leaving tensions even higher.

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The Berlin Wall was constructed by Eastern Germany to lessen the numbers of people leaving the GDR (west). This essentially turned Eastern Germany into a prison in which their population could not flee. As a result of this event, families were separated and workers from one side lost their jobs on the other side. While Western Germany wasn't in agreement of the construction of the wall, they did not have the power or resources to combat it. Eventually, however, the wall fell.

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Berlin Crisis of 1961 November 1958 - August 1961

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Berlin Crisis of 1961 November 1958 - August 1961

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Cause: In November 1958, Soviet Union demanded that the U.S. will have to leave Berlin or else the Soviet Union will break their postwar agreement with the U.S. and sign a new agreement with East Germany. The U.S. rejected the demand.

Effect: After multiple meetings and no agreement, the Berlin Wall was constructed in August 1961.

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The Cuban Missile Crisis was caused by the failed attempt by the US to remove the Castro regime in Cuba (Bay of the Pigs Invasion). This crisis was between the Soviet Union (Khrushchev) and the US (Kennedy), over Soviet missiles in Cuba. Kennedy ordered a naval "quarantine", and later on, Soviet Union dismantled their missiles.

The effects of the Cuban missile crisis was a better national and international image for Kennedy, mitigation of negative opinions regarding failed Bay of the Pigs Invasion, a "Hotline" between the Kremlin and the White House was established, and both powers took initial steps for the Test Ban Treaty.
https://history.state.gov/milestones/1961-1968/cuban-missile-crisis

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The Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty banned nuclear-weapons tests in the atmosphere, in outer space, and underwater but permitted underground testing and required no control posts, no on-site inspection, and no international supervisory body. This treaty was adopted by many countries and they all agreed to not test nuclear bombs.

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This Iranian reform movement was an aggressive modernization program that was caused by previous reforms in which slowed down state development. The White Revolution reforms simply redistributed land to millions of people. But, these Iran land reformations could no longer sustain farmers with all of their needs. These farmers therefore transitioned to city living, which benefitted the growing construction economy.

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also known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, was a movement in China started by Communist leader Mao Zedong as a way to assert his authority so he could correct the course of leadership since he believed the Soviet Union was overreaching in the revisionist direction. The Soviet Union emphasized expertise rather than ideological purity, to change this Zedong encouraged purging the "Four Olds" impurities: old customs, culture, habits, and ideas. Schools were closed down leading to the youth forming paramilitary known as the Red Guard who attacked China's intellectual population and battled different Red Guard factions for dominance. Ended when Mao Zedong died.

Effects: Communist leaders, including Pres. Liu Shaoqi, were imprisoned, 1.5 million people killed and million others suffering imprisonment, humiliation and poverty. Generation gap of young adults who had been denied education. Chaos caused political instability and an economy drop, industrial production decreased by 12% between 1966-1968. Contrary to Zedong's intentions, many lost faith in the government.

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The Non-Proliferation Treaty was an international treaty created to prevent harmful uses of nuclear technology and rather other more useful uses for humanity by ultimately disarming nuclear weapons. In the 1960s, nuclear weapon technology began to become widespread and if more countries gained nuclear weapons, the risk of nuclear war would increase even over simple border disputes. Since the signing, 191 states have taken part in the treaty except North Korea and is reviewed every five years.

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The Iranian Revolution was an uprising in Iran. The uprising began when political activists started to criticize the Shah. After defemination of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, a political and religious leader.  A series of political protests, violence, repression, and mourning began in protest to this defemination. the protesters wanted to disassemble the Shah, and continued to protest using different forms of violence and words. The effects of the Iranian Revolution led to the creation of an Islamic Republic in February 1979.

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The causes of the contra war were environmental problems and because of economic issues. The effects were a second election in 1990 resulting in the election of a majority of anti-Sandinista parties and the FSLN handing over power.

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Tiananmen Square Incident June 3-4, 1989

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Tiananmen Square Incident June 3-4, 1989

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This protest was linked with the May Fourth Movement in 1919. In Beijing, they experienced economic growth and liberalization and by the mid-1980's the central government had encouraged some people to take a more active political role. On the day of Hu Yaobang's funeral, thousands of students gathered in Tiananmen Square democratic and other reforms. For the next several weeks, students seeked political, social, and economic reform groups. The government gave warnings but took no action towards the protests. This protest drew over one million participants and broadcasted overseas.

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The Fall of the Berlin Wall (Nov 9th, 1989)

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The Fall of the Berlin Wall (Nov 9th, 1989)

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The Berlin wall was created during the Cold War in order to prevent western "fascists" from entering eastern Germany. On Nov 9th, 1989, the spokesperson for the East Berlin communist party announced that there would be a change in the relationship between East and West Berlin as the cold war started to settle. This resulted in to a large party as people from both sides made their way to the wall and started chipping away at it using pick axes, hammers, bulldozers, and cranes. This would be the first time that the east and west would be able to visit the other side since 1945.