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A How To Guide

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General Psychology Presentation BSCS 3 CSB Xavier University, Philippines Credits: Sparkol VideoScribe, Screencast-O-Matic, and ArcSoft ShowBiz.

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effects on learning: putting it all together

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effects on learning: putting it all together

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Emotions are important in adult learning because they can either impede or motivate learning[1] Every adult is unique in how they produce and process their emotions, anxieties, and their stress. It's important for adult learners to understand how emotions manifest themselves in learning and also in their life. Open, honest, friendly discussions are always a good idea.

When adults experience “negative cognitive emotional moments”, they exhibit the following behaviors:
* high absenteeism
* little or no engagement with classroom discussions
* an abundance of missed assignments
* appears more anxious
* can't concentrate; impaired attention control
* more attentive to non-verbal cues such as tone of voice, body posture, and
facial expression
* bad decision making
* slowed decision making
* impaired attention control
* biased memory recall for negative event
* shallow depth processing
* poor communication - excessive silence or talking; not listening; repeating
phrases

Guidelines for instructors are as such:
* encourage small-group work
* avoid singling students out in front of their peers
* avoid the absence of routine; routine is good because it cuts down on stress;
some content should be predictable

* show students that they DO have some control in what they do; this will
lessen some stress

* do not completely eliminate stress from your program
* focus on improving stress tolerance
* make sure to self-evaluate
* make students feel safe to interact, inquire, and fail
* become trustworthy
* read about the concept of psycho-physiological states; don't neglect its
message
* encourage students to take self-assessments
* have open, honest discussions about stress, anxiety, and emotions
* make sure not to treat adult learners as children - this produces
defensiveness
* make certain that students know how to access counseling services at/from
school

A deeper reflection on how to create the adequate emotional tone to facilitate learning is necessary to overcome the challenges of apathy, passiveness, or stress commanding attention in classroom settings today; settings low in emotional awareness that fail to produce a sense of engagement do not fully develop the student's potential[2].

Through research, we were able to find that some authors of adult education[3] feel that more research is needed to appropriately equip teachers with strategies to instruct in an environment that is "emotionally aware" and that offer “pragmatic techniques”; the information that is available is too "narrow" [4].  Furthermore, "relatively few scholars and practitioners in adult and higher education regard emotion as integral to the meaning-making process[5].

As an instructor, it's crucial that you set up the learning situation in a manner that arouses learners' feelings of security, well-being, and self-confidence.  It's equally important to challenge them without threats, intimidation, or pressure[6].

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[1] Shuck, Albornoz & Winberg, 2006[2] Shuck, Albornoz & Winberg, 2007[3] Shuck, Albornoz & Winberg, 2007; Cleveland-Innes & Campbell, 2012; Schutz & Lanehart, 2002)[4] Shuck, Albornoz & Winberg, 2007[5] Shuck, Albornoz & Winberg, 2007  [6] Weiss, 2000 as cited in Cleveland-Innes & Campbell, 2012(behaviors taken from: Gower, 2004 as cited in Bigdeli, 2010; Shuck, Albornoz & Winberg, 2007; Earhart, 2012; Mackeracher, 2004)

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Click to watch

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Now scientists are finding more about how stress affects our brains, from memory to the ability to make decisions.

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Cortisol reaction

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Click on the picture to enlarge it

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Click on image to enlarge

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This questionnaire may be widely known. It is a useful set of questions that, if nothing else, alert adult students to what is going on in their life; things that can cause stress, which can cause sickness, which causes missed class or work, which causes missed information, which makes a person stressed, ...get the picture? Click to enlarge.

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For our final demonstration, we feel it is important and beneficial for facilitators to understand the biological and psychological processes involved with stress, emotions, and anxiety so that they can assist their students in the learning process without exasperating their stress. While too much ongoing stress can be detrimental to the learning process, some stress is beneficial and can be used for motivation.  Click any box to enlarge it.