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high prices ruined Spain because an increase in the demand of Asian products caused the price of these products to increase as well. 

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high prices ruined Spain because an increase in the demand of Asian products caused the price of these products to increase as well. 

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Countries like Spain were addicted to luxury goods so much that they ruined their own economy by using up so much of their popular silver. Silver was the leading cause for international trade because the countries that had silver wanted luxury goods but the countries that had luxury goods wanted silver. 

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This affected China so much that the emperor in 1626 created a ban on foreign trade. However, He Qiaoyuan, a MIng dynasty court official, tried to persuade the emporer by explaining that goods in China "worth 100 bars" can be sold in the Philippines for "200 to 300 bars." 
Due to the high demand of silver from Spanish sources, the Spain government began to be more critically on Natives due to the high need and pressure on the government.
GROUP DAY 2
GROUP  DAY 2
Group 7 Day 2
Group 7 Day 2
      The trading and influx of silover effected countries and trading systems socially. According to Wang Xijue, "The national government requires silver for taxes but disburses little silver in its expenditures." (Document 2). This means that all the wealth is going to the government and the people sink into poverty. As a matter of fact, Xu Dunqui Ming attests that simple services such as dying clothes became too costly for most people, and they "paid with silver obtained from a moneylender"(Document 4). This implies that not only were most people running out of money, but they were also getting into debt. This is comparable to the American middle class today because they frequently are forced into debt, because they have to borrow money for buying houses and cars, whicjh is a necessity in american society. While some countries like China had governments that hoarded money for themselves, some countriies such as Japan, spent exorbitant amounts on money for luxies for the upper class, leaving no money for economic growth in general. According to Ralph Fitch, in a writing about portugese trade, "to japan, they carry much white silk, gold, perfume, and porcelain and they bring from Japan nothing ut silver"(Document 3). However, in some cases, the flow of silver could be beneficial. He Qiaoyuan claimed that "Chinese silk yarn worth 100 bars of silver can be sold in the Phillipines at a price of 200 to 300 bars of silver there"(Document 5). Simple products could be sold for huge profits, greatly benefiting the lucky few who got to trade out of china. These cases were rare, however, and the low of silver was more of a detriment than a beneift in a majority of cases.
      Globally speaking, the flow of silver greatly threw off the balance of the wealth in certain nations, making asian countries very wealthy and european countries gradually poorer, while the lower classes in each became poor and indebted, regardless of the wealth of their respective countries.
GROUP 5 DAY 2
GROUP 5 DAY 2
ALTHOUGH MANY COUNTIRES DESIRED LUXURY GOODS, SILVER WAS THE DRIVING FORCE OF POVERTY DUE TO THE UNDER PAID LABOR, AND ALSO PAVED THE WAY TO MANOPOLY TRADE.


In order to extradite the amense amount of silver required, indians worked under harsh conditions. In document 6 a spanish priest talks about how 3,000 indians "worked... loaded down with ore climbed up the ladders...trying and distressing that even an empty-handed man can hardly get up" (doc 6). This shows how the slaves worked to mine and produce the demand of silver. this created a social divide between the indian peasants and the people who could aford luxures purchased with silver. In documant 2, ming dynasty court afficials reported to the emperor that "as the price of grain falls tillers of the soil receve lower returns on thier labors in thus less land is put into cultivation." The price of grain is falling because the silver coin is becoming harder to obtain. This means that the farmers are becoming poor.

Countries such as spain and portugese 
GROUP 3 DAY 2
GROUP 3 DAY 2
ALTHOUGH THE GLOBAL FLOW OF SILVER AFFECTED ECONOMIC ASPECTS SUCH AS ECONOMIC DEPENDENCY ON ASIAN COUNTRIES DURING THE EARLY MODERN ERA, SOCIAL ASPECTS, SUCH THE INCREASED DEMAND FOR SLAVE LABOR, WERE AFFECTED AS WELL.

Silver led to many global social changes, one of them being the social class system construction. Charles D' Avenant, an english scholar, debated a bill in 1697 in which he said that "since Europe has tasted of this luxury, (it) has made Asian spices seem necessary to all degrees of people" (Doc 7). Many countries came to rely on the greediness of China towards silver, trading excessively for different Chinese goods. In Europe,  trade was dependent upon Asian goods, "High prices ruined Spain as the prices attracted Asian commodities and the silver currency flowed out to pay for them" (Doc 1). European countries were willing to allow Asian countries to slowly deteriorate their supplies of silver


Group 1 Body paragraphs 5-8
Group 1 Body paragraphs 5-8
Ming dynasty court official, He Qiaoyuan, shares his point of views on tade of Spain, Chinese, and other countries. He expands on how material items began to have monetary value starting with silver. Certain areas would trade for goods while others "would only return with silver coins" (document 5)  When items began to have monetary value this affected the economy becaus some countries would trade goods while others just wanted silver. 

Author of document 6, Antonia Valzquez, wrote to share how silver effected spain socially and economically. "The ore  at Potosi silver mine is very rich black flint, and the excavation so extensive that more that 3,000 indians worked hard away with picks." (document 6)SIlver mining created more jobs which helped and grew the economy. It also changed the social organizations because more people were in the poorer  working classes. 
GROUP 3 DAY 2 B
GROUP 3 DAY 2 B

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Source: Tomás de Mercado, Spanish scholar, Manual of Deals and Contracts, Seville, 1571.

High prices ruined Spain as the prices attracted Asian commodities and the silver currency flowed out to pay for them. The streets of Manila in the Spanish territory of the Philippines could be paved with granite cobblestones brought from China as ballast* in Chinese ships coming to get silver for China.

*A heavy substance used to improve the stability of a ship.

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High prices ruined Spain as the prices attracted Asian commodities and the silver currency flowed out to pay for them.

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Countries like Spain were addicted to luxury goods so much that they ruined their own economy by using up so much of their popular silver. Silver was the leading cause for international trade because the countries that had silver wanted luxury goods but the countries that had luxury goods wanted silver. 

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ALTHOUGH THE GLOBAL FLOW OF SILVER AFFECTED ECONOMIC ASPECTS SUCH AS ECONOMIC DEPENDENCY ON ASIAN COUNTRIES DURING THE EARLY MODERN ERA, SOCIAL ASPECTS, SUCH THE INCREASED DEMAND FOR SLAVE LABOR, WERE AFFECTED AS WELL.

Silver led to many global social changes, one of them being the social class system construction. Charles D' Avenant, an english scholar, debated a bill in 1697 in which he said that "since Europe has tasted of this luxury, (it) has made Asian spices seem necessary to all degrees of people" (Doc 7). Many countries came to rely on the greediness of China towards silver, trading excessively for different Chinese goods. In Europe,  trade was dependent upon Asian goods, "High prices ruined Spain as the prices attracted Asian commodities and the silver currency flowed out to pay for them" (Doc 1). European countries were willing to allow Asian countries to slowly deteriorate their supplies of silver, resulting in an increased amount of power among those who possessed it. The global flow of silver not only caused grief in Europe, but in Asia as well, "The national governement requires silver for taxes but disburses little silver in its expenditures"(Doc 2). The government demanded that the taxes were payed with silver coins, which very few had access to. Silver became the main currency in China and made it difficult for the poorer population to provide an income for themselves and their family.
The new world was brimming with silver in the 1620s. There was so much that Spain alone took out more than "326,000,000 silver coins" (DOC 6). This iflux of silver allowed China to charge more for their goods because of the standards that were there to be considered somebody in a higher social class you needed to own the finest items China could offer. China was able to sell "Chinese silk yarn worth 100 bars of silver[for...] a price of 200 to 300 bars of silver" (DOC 5). China had what everyone wanted fine goods that they in turn charged heavily for because of the high demand

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This economic change brought about global changes that parallel countries now. Global power is very heavily determined by the ability to trade, today and in the early modern era. Today, oil is a driving factor in economic power among countries, just like silver was to areas such as china during the 1500s.

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The Culture of Asia is very diverse. Such as the religion, government, and ways of living. Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism, Judaism, Islam and confuciansism were all major religions followed. Religion was one of the main separation factors caused in Asia.

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Countries such as Spain and Portugal rushed to rid the country from silver in turn to buy luxury items. In document 1, a Spanish scholar says, “High prices ruined Spain as the prices attracted Asian commodities and the silver currency flowed out to pay for them.” Countries like Spain were addicted to luxury goods so much that they ruined their own economy by using up so much of their popular silver. Silver was the leading cause for international trade because the countries that had silver wanted luxury goods but the countries that had luxury goods wanted silver. One British merchant recalls, “They [Portugal]… go to Japan every year and bring back more than 600,000 coins worth of Japanese silver.”  Portugal is another country that supplies a place with luxuries in order to obtain silver. For Portugal, the economy rests on the ability to use silver as a currency.

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ALTHOUGH THE GLOBAL FLOW OF SILVER AFFECTED ECONOMIC ASPECTS SUCH AS ECONOMIC DEPENDENCY ON ASIAN COUNTRIES DURING THE EARLY MODERN ERA, SOCIAL ASPECTS, SUCH THE INCREASED DEMAND FOR SLAVE LABOR, WERE AFFECTED AS WELL.

Silver led to many global social changes, one of them being the social class system construction. Charles D' Avenant, an english scholar, debated a bill in 1697 in which he said that "since Europe has tasted of this luxury, (it) has made Asian spices seem necessary to all degrees of people" (Doc 7). Many countries came to rely on the greediness of China towards silver, trading excessively for different Chinese goods. In Europe,  trade was dependent upon Asian goods, "High prices ruined Spain as the prices attracted Asian commodities and the silver currency flowed out to pay for them" (Doc 1). European countries were willing to allow Asian countries to slowly deteriorate their supplies of silver, resulting in an increased amount of power among those who possessed it. The global flow of silver not only caused grief in Europe, but in Asia as well, "The national governement requires silver for taxes but disburses little silver in its expenditures"(Doc 2). The government demanded that the taxes were payed with silver coins, which very few had access to. Silver became the main currency in China and made it difficult for the poorer population to provide an income for themselves and their family.

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Ming dynasty court official, He Qiaoyuan, shares his point of views on tade of Spain, Chinese, and other countries. He expands on how material items began to have monetary value starting with silver. Certain areas would trade for goods while others "would only return with silver coins" (document 5)  When items began to have monetary value this affected the economy becaus some countries would trade goods while others just wanted silver.

Author of document 6, Antonia Valzquez, wrote to share how silver effected spain socially and economically. "The ore at Potosi silver mine is very rich black flint, and the excavation so extensive that more that 3,000 indians worked hard away with picks." (document 6)SIlver mining created more jobs which helped and grew the economy. It also changed the social organizations because more people were in the poorer working classes.

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ALTHOUGH THE GLOBAL FLOW OF SILVER AFFECTED ECONOMIC ASPECTS SUCH AS ECONOMIC DEPENDENCY ON ASIAN COUNTRIES DURING THE EARLY MODERN ERA, SOCIAL ASPECTS, SUCH THE INCREASED DEMAND FOR SLAVE LABOR, WERE AFFECTED AS WELL.

Silver led to many global social changes, one of them being the social class system construction. Charles D' Avenant, an english scholar, debated a bill in 1697 in which he said that "since Europe has tasted of this luxury, (it) has made Asian spices seem necessary to all degrees of people" (Doc 7). Many countries came to rely on the greediness of China towards silver, trading excessively for different Chinese goods. In Europe,  trade was dependent upon Asian goods, "High prices ruined Spain as the prices attracted Asian commodities and the silver currency flowed out to pay for them" (Doc 1). European countries were willing to allow Asian countries to slowly deteriorate their supplies of silver

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ALTHOUGH MANY COUNTIRES DESIRED LUXURY GOODS, SILVER WAS THE DRIVING FORCE OF POVERTY DUE TO THE UNDER PAID LABOR, AND ALSO PAVED THE WAY TO MANOPOLY TRADE.

In order to extradite the amense amount of silver required, indians worked under harsh conditions. In document 6 a spanish priest talks about how 3,000 indians "worked... loaded down with ore climbed up the ladders...trying and distressing that even an empty-handed man can hardly get up" (doc 6). This shows how the slaves worked to mine and produce the demand of silver. this created a social divide between the indian peasants and the people who could aford luxures purchased with silver. In documant 2, ming dynasty court afficials reported to the emperor that "as the price of grain falls tillers of the soil receve lower returns on thier labors in thus less land is put into cultivation." The price of grain is falling because the silver coin is becoming harder to obtain. This means that the farmers are becoming poor.

Countries such as spain and portugese

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The trading and influx of silover effected countries and trading systems socially. According to Wang Xijue, "The national government requires silver for taxes but disburses little silver in its expenditures." (Document 2). This means that all the wealth is going to the government and the people sink into poverty. As a matter of fact, Xu Dunqui Ming attests that simple services such as dying clothes became too costly for most people, and they "paid with silver obtained from a moneylender"(Document 4). This implies that not only were most people running out of money, but they were also getting into debt. This is comparable to the American middle class today because they frequently are forced into debt, because they have to borrow money for buying houses and cars, whicjh is a necessity in american society. While some countries like China had governments that hoarded money for themselves, some countriies such as Japan, spent exorbitant amounts on money for luxies for the upper class, leaving no money for economic growth in general. According to Ralph Fitch, in a writing about portugese trade, "to japan, they carry much white silk, gold, perfume, and porcelain and they bring from Japan nothing ut silver"(Document 3). However, in some cases, the flow of silver could be beneficial. He Qiaoyuan claimed that "Chinese silk yarn worth 100 bars of silver can be sold in the Phillipines at a price of 200 to 300 bars of silver there"(Document 5). Simple products could be sold for huge profits, greatly benefiting the lucky few who got to trade out of china. These cases were rare, however, and the low of silver was more of a detriment than a beneift in a majority of cases.
Globally speaking, the flow of silver greatly threw off the balance of the wealth in certain nations, making asian countries very wealthy and european countries gradually poorer, while the lower classes in each became poor and indebted, regardless of the wealth of their respective countries.

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Wang Xijue was writing to the emporer to inform him about the economic and social status that silver created. This silver pathway affected other countries in similar ways such as Portugal. Ralph Fitch, a British merchant, explains the events of Portuguese travels to Japan where ships would go and take back over 600,000 silver coins. The silver economy was spreading even more globally and expanding the trade of luxurious Asian goods even more during this time in 1599. It even affected individual economies of countries by silver being implemented into cities. In 1610, Hangzhou was a huge commercial city in China. Since China had been acquiring so much silver, their economy had changed to fit. Xu Dunqui Ming wrote an essay called The Changing Times that informed others of the economic and social changes that explained the hardships on peasants lives. This affected China so much that the emperor in 1626 created a ban on foreign trade. However, He Qiaoyuan, a MIng dynasty court official, tried to persuade the emporer by explaining that goods in China "worth 100 bars" can be sold in the Philippines for "200 to 300 bars."
Due to the high demand of silver from Spanish sources, the Spain government began to be more critically on Natives due to the high need and pressure on the government.

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ALTHOUGH THE GLOBAL EXCHANGE OF SILVER AFFECTED MANY COUNTRIES ECONOMICALLY DUE TO THE INCREASE IN POWER OF LARGER COUNTRIES SUCH AS CHINA AND ITS INABILITY TO HELP SMALLER COUNTRIES, IT ALSO HAD A GREAT IMPACT ON THE WORLD SOCIALLY BECAUSE IT AFFECTED THE SOCIAL CLASSES BY ALLOWING THE RICH TO GET RICHER AND THE POOR TO GET POORER.
The influx of silver on the global market affected other countries in various ways. For example Tomas de Mercado, a spanish scholar, stated that high prices ruined Spain because an increase in the demand of Asian products caused the price of these products to increase as well. Spain, and other European countries, needed these products and were forced to pay the higher prices. On the other hand, China had an economic gain for the flow of silver in the mid-sixteenth century to the early eightteenth century. As reported to the chinese emporer by Wang Xijue, "The national government required silver for taxes but disbursed little silver in its expenditures". The Chinese government recieved lots of silver from other countries because of the trade of silks, perfume, porcelain, gold, and spices. The government, however, did little to give back to its people and other countries, causing social imbalances. Because of

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According to a report by He Qiaoyuan, since China is not open to trading because of the ban on foreign trade, the Phillipines are willing to pay more silver for China's goods. ( Doc.5) In an article written by Antonio Vazquez de Espinosa, the high demand for silver is requiring a high amount of workers excavating silver in places like Postosi. However, these workers were payed very little which lead to a lower quality of life. (Doc. 6) People in Europe are becoming dependent on luxury goods like, spices and silks, that they do not neccessarily need. They are using their very valuable silver anf gold to pay for these unecessary luxuries. (Doc. 7)
Similar to their hesitation to trade in the early modern era, the Chinese were afraid of trade before the invasion of the Mongols. The Mongols then altered their attitude which enabled them to trade.

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THE GLOBAL FLOW OF SILVER BETWEEN THE MID-SIXTEENTH CENTURY AND THE EARLY EIGHTEENTH CENTURY CREATED HUGE IMBALANCES IN GLOBAL WEALTH AND THE PRESENCE OF LUXURIES SUCH AS SILK, DYED COTTON, AND ASIAN SPICES.
Asian export-only ideals created a china-oriented flow of silver and a europe-oriented flow of spices and silks. This disasterously affectd euorpean countries such as Spain, which was ruined by high prices, which "attracted asian commodities"(Document 1). This was despite the "great amount of silver taken secretly from these mines to Spain"(Document 6). Spain was taking extra silver for itself, but even that ended up being shipped away to asian markets in exchange for asian goods. In addition, Europe, "sends to Asia gold and silver, which is there buried and never returns" (Document 7). Some silver was not even being used properly or productivly. The large amounts of silver being dug up, combined with the fact that "the custom of a hundred years had made asian spices necessary to all degrees of people"(Document 7), silver was being spent frivolously, without any regard for where it would end up in the long run.

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ALTHOUGH THE GLOBAL FLOW OF SILVER AFFECTED ECONOMIC ASPECTS SUCH AS ECONOMIC DEPENDENCY ON ASIAN COUNTRIES DURING THE EARLY MODERN ERA, SOCIAL ASPECTS, SUCH AS INCREASING CULTURAL DIVERSITY, WERE AFFECTED AS WELL.

Silver led to many global social changes, one of them being the social class system construction. Charles D' Avenant, an english scholar, debated a bill in 1697 in which he said that "since Europe has tasted of this luxury, (it) has made Asian spices seem necessary to all degrees of people" (Doc 7). Many countries came to rely on the greediness of China towards silver, trading excessively for different Chinese goods. In Europe,

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DESPITE THE EVIDENT FLOW OF LUXURIOUS GOODS, SILVER WAS THE DRIVING FORCE IN GLOBAL ECONOMY DURING THE MID-SIXTEENTH AND THE EARLY EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES, CAUSING OTHER TRADING COUNTRIES TO CHANGE THEIR VALUES ON ECONOMY, WHICH HURT THE WORKERS AND SLAVES DAILY LIVES.

The 16th century global economy saw an increased desire for silver currency. Tomas de Mercado, a Spanish scholar in 1567, describes the importance of silver, of which Spain had the most control, where "silver currency flowed out" to fulfill the wants of Asian commodities. Mercado was writing to describe Spain's importance and foundry in this economy. This began the need for silver to gain a footing in global trade. The main Asian country to trade for silver was China. As explained by Wang Xijue, a Ming dynasty court official, "the national government requires silver for taxes but disburses little silver in its expenditures."China was using the silver in its personal economy, yet since it couldn't gain the right amount of silver, the economy was hurting itself because grain and other products' prices were falling; therefore, it left the laborers unemployed because they don't have money to cultivate their land.

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DESPITE THE ADVANTAGES GAINED SOCIALY AND ECONOMICALLY BY THE THE GLOBAL FLOW OF SILVER IN THE MID-SIXTEENTH CENTURY, MOST EURASION COUNTRIES WERE NEGATIVELY AFFECTED BY THE HIGH DEMANDS OF SILVER IN GLOBAL TRADE.

During the mid-sixteenth century, high demnads of silver had negative impacts on various countries. High prices and silver demands "ruined spain as the prices attracted asian goods" (document 1) As silver flowed out of spain and into china is vasly hurt their economy. In document 1, spanish scholar, Thomas de Mercado, explains from his point of view how Spain was economically troubled by rising insistence of silver.

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ALTHOUGH THE GLOBAL EXCHANGE OF SILVER AFFECTED MANY COUNTRIES ECONOMICALLY DUE TO THE INCREASE IN POWER OF LARGER COUNTRIES SUCH AS CHINA AND ITS INABILITY TO HELP SMALLER COUNTRIES, IT ALSO HAD A GREAT IMPACT ON THE WORLD SOCIALLY BECAUSE IT ALLOWED COUNTRIES ALL OVER THE WORLD TO INTERACT WITH EACHOTHER.
The influx of silver on the global market affected other countries in various ways. For example Tomas de Mercado, a spanish scholar, stated that high prices ruined Spain because an increase in the demand of Asian products caused the price of these products to increase as well. Spain, and other European countries, needed these products and were forced to pay the higher prices. On the other hand, China had an economic gain for the flow of silver in the mid-sixteenth century to the early eightteenth century. As reported to the chinese emporer by Wang Xijue, "The national government required silver for taxes but disburses little silver in its expenditures.

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ALTHOUGH THE GLOBAL FLOW OF SILVER CREATED TRADING NETWORKS, IT HAD A NEGATIVE EFFECT ON THE LIFESTYLES OF NATIVES.
A spanish scholar named Tomas de Mercado described in his writing that China was gaining an abundance of silver(Doc. 1), however the government was not distributing it amongst its people. (Doc. 2) This lead to a decrease in the prices of good produced by the people. Although the people did not have a lot of silver, the government still required bills to be paid in silver. (Doc. 4) This created a very big problem socially because the people were not accustomed to paying in silver. In an essay by a British merchant, he describes the complex trading between Portugal and Japan. The Portugese would trade their goods to japan for a vast amount of silver. They would then use that silver to buy more valuable goods from China. (Doc. 4)

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ALTHOUGH MANY COUNTIRES DESIRED LUXURY GOODS SUCH AS SILK, DYED CLOTHS, RICE, AND WOOL, SILVER WAS THE DRIVING FORCE OF SOCIAL PEASENTRY BY PROVIDING MINING OPPORTUNITIES, AND ECOMOMICALY INCLINED TRADE.

In order to extradite the amense amount of silver required, indians worked under harsh conditions. In document 6 a spanish priest talks about how 3,000 indians "worked... loaded down with ore climbed up the ladders...trying and distressing that even an empty-handed man can hardly get up" (doc 6). This shows how the slaves worked to mine and produce the demand of silver. this created a social divide between the indian peasants and the people who could aford luxures purchased with silver. In documant 2, ming dynasty court afficials reported to the emperor that