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Population: The village area of Nazareth was populated mostly by Jews, but also with some Syrians, Greeks, and Romans.

The major city of Palestine was Jerusalem

Language: The common language in the Roman Empire was Greek.

However, at the time it was common for Jews to also use Hebrew, Aramaic, and Latin. Jesus’ everyday language was Aramaic.

Village Life: The hub of a village was the marketplace and shops.

for a Jewish village, the synagogue was a central meeting place, and the seat of the local Jewish government.

Housing: Houses were all purpose 1-2 room squares, with dirt floors, flat roofs, low and narrow doorways, and front wooden doors.

Often people would sleep on flat roofs during hot nights.

The houses were arranged around a central shared courtyard where neighbors performed daily chores (cooking, laundry, etc.) in each other’s company.

Water was carried in from a public well and stored in a courtyard cistern. Lighting was provided by earthenware oil lamps. People slept on mats, and owned limited personal goods.

Food: The woman’s job included preparing food

they would grind grain, bake bread, milk the animals, and make cheese.

A Red meat (beef and lamb) was served only on special occasions, and pork and crustaceans were not allowed to be eaten.

Most foods were boiled or stewed in a big pot and seasoned with salt, onions, garlic, cumin, coriander, mint, dill, and mustard.

Food was sweetened with wild honey or syrups from dates or grapes.

Food was generally served in a common bowl and eaten by dipping in with the fingers.

Clothing: The undergarment was called a “tunic”.

The outer garment was called a “mantle” – it was loose fitting with fringes, bound by blue ribbon.

Men wore a belt – a four-inch wide leather belt or cloth “girdle”. If one was wearing only an undergarment, then he was said to be “naked” or “stripped”. If one was wearing only an undergarment (tunic) and belt, they were said to be wearing a “loincloth”. The phrase “to gird your loins” meant that the tunic was pulled up between the legs and tucked into the belt.

People also wore sandals on their feet, and a white cloth over their head, hanging to their shoulders. This cloth protected them from the sun.

General Physique: Most Jews were fairly small in stature.

Most had black or brown hair worn long

most men wore beards.

Family Structure: The husband was in charge of the house.

He was responsible for the family.

Children were instructed early to honor their parents.

A Jewish family lived by very strict moral, social and religious rules.

Parents, unmarried children, and a married son and spouse would often all live under one roof.

The Role of Women: In first century Israel, women were considered second-class citizens, similar to slaves.

Jesus’ Family life: Joseph (Jesus’ father) was a carpenter

Mary was a teenager who was “promised” by her parents to be married to Joseph (at the time when Jesus was considered to be miraculously conceived).

Following their marriage, and Jesus’ birth, Mary and Joseph had other children as well.

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1st Century Palestine True or False Questionnaire: Cultural Setting and Daily Life

1. FALSE Jesus is from the city

2. FALSE Jesus based his life on traditions he learned from his home and parents

3. FALSE The village of Nazareth was primarily Roman

4. FALSE Jesus  everyday language was Greek

5. TRUE The synagogue was the central meeting place for Jewish government

6. FALSE Jewish houses in Nazareth were very nice and had personal wells

7. FALSE Jews ate cheese, wine, fish, red meat, chicken, and pork.

8. TRUE People wore tunics and sandals as their main clothing attire

9. FALSE Women were highly honored and respected in 1st century Palestine

10. FALSE Jesus’ father was a tailor and was very crafty.

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Jesus spent most of his life in and around the farming village area of Nazareth. Similar to many farming villages throughout the world, life was patterned after traditions, roles and rituals passed down from many generations beforehand.

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1. Greek education system was call gymnasium, using language

2. Jew education was law, ethics, and history

3. Young jewish boys at age 5 wents to school, Jewish girls learned (read and write)

4. Boys learn laws around the age of 10

5. Finished education at 18

6. Young men were taught by Rabbi (teachers)

7. Jesus went through this system, when he was 12.

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Olives,  figs

Trade on the mediterranean sea

Building projects:

By king Herod (large building projects)

1st century Palestine:

Upper class (temple priests) middle class (traders, merchants, artisans, and craftsman; pharisees, sages, scribes & teachers) lower class (laborers, slaves, unemployable: blind, deaf, can’t work)

Government worked: heavy taxation, jew required to give sacrifices to temple (money & animals)

Traveling teachers made livings by going to town to town and accepting gifts who wanted to be taught.

Temple court yards became marketing places.

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1. Romans ruled the Mediterranean area known as Palestine or Israel

2. Jesus was born in Palestine.

3. Roman government accepting all religious beliefs and teachings. (Roman system -  syncretism)

4. Freedom of everything but still maintaining strict control.

5. Jews hated the Roman Empire even though they weren’t vary restricted . (unwilling subject)

6. King Herod killed all Jewish baby boys during a massacre he initiated.

7. The roman Government accepted all religious beliefs, Philosophical teachings alongside  with a Government system that is ultimately compatible.

8. Two types of people: Jewish and non-jewish (Gentile)

9. Herod placed foreign idols into Jewish temples.

10. Jewish people disassociate with the Gentile to form a separate group.

11. Jewish people maintaining their own tradition yet it is all under the authority of the Roman government

12. The Jewish religious and governing system was divided between two type of parties

13. The Pharisees – taught the law and traditions of Israel’s patriarchs

14. Jewish people were constantly under the rule of other countries, such as Egypt and Rome.

15. The Sadducees - The wealthy and conservative leaders rejected the traditions in favor of political and religious cooperation with the Romans.