# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
There are seven ways to improve literacy in secondary schools which will help both the teachers and students thoroughly understand both comprehension and application when it comes to literacy. 

# data[].attributes.headline
Improving Literacy in Secondary Schools 

# data[].attributes.subject
Improving Literacy in Secondary Schools 

# data[].attributes.body
1.  Prioritizing Disciplinary Literacy Throughout the Curriculum - emphasizes the importance and support of the subject with the students, so teachers must understand how the students read, write, and communicate to adapt literacy teachings to benefit the students' needs.

2.  Provide Targeted Vocabulary Instruction in All Subject Areas - teachers providing students fundamental vocabulary instructions so the students can adapt to using academic language, make connections between newly learned words, morphology, etymology, and memorization for academic language.

3.  Develop Students Ability to Read Complex Academic Texts - teachers can develop reading strategies for the students to acquire active student engagement by using their existing subject knowledge to predict, question, and improve comprehension when reading complex texts.

4.  Break Down Complex Writing Tasks - teachers can provide support to the students' writing skills by breaking down the subject by planning, evaluating, and monitoring the students throughout each step of the writing process to improve their quality of writing by motivating and collaborating with the students.

5.  Combining Writing Instruction with Reading In Every Subject - teachers can combine reading and writing activities for the students to have a balanced approach to deepen their understanding of the assignment as they are taught comprehension of good writing skills though spelling, grammar, and punctuation.

6.  Provide Opportunities for Secured Talk - exhibits the student’s communication and application comprehension skills to the subject as they use their key vocabulary, academic language, and metacognitive reflection of the lesson in an enriched class discussion.

7. Provide High Quality Literacy Interventions for Struggling Students - an assessment where the student is matched with an appropriate type of intervention that's highly impactful in order to create a support system to help them be successful in school.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Orthographic Mapping is the understanding of reading and word comprehension skills that directly affects the students memory and meaning of words when making connections to instant word recognition when reading. 

# data[].attributes.body
The pronunciation of a word that is broken down into a map in order to divide the specific letters and spelling of a word. This allows the student to comprehend the meaning of written language as they are able to identify the written spelling of words, understand the definition of the words, along with digesting the information given to them which is detrimental to their reading and writing skills.

Process of Orthographic Mapping:

Decoding - phoneme blending that leads to orthographic mapping from left to right as it identifies a word (reading)

Encoding - phoneme segmentation that transfers info graphemes as its spelled in the English language (spelling)

# data[].attributes.body
Connecting Classroom Management and the Cradle to Prison Pipeline

CCTP is a term that is used to acknowledge the structural, systematic, institutional, and societal challenges that impact classrooms which creates inequality and discrimination towards students.

Educators must adapt their classroom management skills to become more effective and understand the students home environment to actively improve their education.

Understanding CCPT can allow teachers to break that standard as they create a productive learning environment for all students.

This idea targets students as it seems to put them in a category where they are pushed towards the prison system, completely disregarding their academic potential as a “Connection to both students and educators daily experiences in and outside of the classroom, the CCPT is a result of both structural and societal factors affecting students of color, students living below the poverty line, students whose first language is not english, those who may require special education services, and their families every day.” (Milner, 33)

Classroom Management is About Effective Instruction

Effective Instruction “...requires teachers to build a vibrant classroom community that bridges the wider community with a more local social context of the school.” (Milner, pg. 57)

Teachers can create maps or planners to document the general productiveness of the classroom when it comes to management as they consider the classroom environments beliefs, values, cultural identities, diversities, and needs of both the students and teacher for impactful and effective instruction

Teachers can curate some student engagement activities to determine which learning method is the best suited for their students' learning needs.

Lesson reflections allows educators to adapt and change their teaching methods as they can see which type of learning styles help the classroom as a whole and what teaching styles are counterproductive when participating in student learning and engagement.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Strategies to Improve Student Outcomes in the Classroom

# data[].attributes.body
This is a classroom management method that allows educators to work together with the students in a specialized educational setting in the classroom, instead of placing students in a separate classroom.

There are 6 approaches to co-teaching

1.  One Teach/ One Observe - the teacher will note and document the learning and teaching process with their students to improve their teaching practices in an effective manner to improve the students overall learning and classroom success.

2.  Station Teaching - teachers and students will work together in groups as they are all given tasks to complete in regards to the lesson, later to switch stations once they've completed their assignment.

3.  Parallel Teaching - similar to station teaching, however the teacher will guide most of the lesson, then giving the students the opportunity to work together to complete their work without switching stations.

4.  Alternative Teaching - The teacher will create small groups as they provide them the independence to work with each other and sometimes (depending on the students productivity) the teacher will work and collaborate with the student groups.

5.  Teaming - two teachers will work together and discuss their lesson as one when they are teaching their students. This allows open discussion and constructive feedback when debating on instruction with the students.

6. One Teach/ One Assist - A teacher will both teach and assist students with their lessons. They will also allow students to take on the role as the teacher to help assist other students in the classroom when it comes to comprehension and collaboration within the lesson or classroom learning environment. (similar to tutoring)

“To create an effective partnership, co-teachers first should understand that they have different but complementary knowledge and skills. Their aim should be to use the strengths that each brings to co-teaching, respecting their differences and drawing on them to create teaching and learning that is significantly richer than that either teacher could provide alone. Several examples of differences between co-teacher” (Friend, pg. 2)

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
A new concept based on the Funds of Knowledge approach

# data[].attributes.body
This method allows the teacher to understand the students as individuals rather than in a general classroom setting.

This shows the students overall understanding and knowledge of life through their experiences so the teacher can best adapt their teaching practices, understanding of diverse backgrounds, and teaching approaches to best benefit all students, along with individual focus for each student to be successful.

This creates learning opportunities and support from the teachers and students to create a productive learning environment.

“The challenge consists in connecting these bodies of educational resources with teaching practice in order to connect the curriculum with students’ lives. In other words, funds of knowledge research is driven by an equity agenda that capitalizes on building on the students’ and their families’ knowledge and experiences as resources for schooling” (Esteban-Guitart and Moll, pg. 43)

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
A new concept based on the Funds of Knowledge approach

# data[].attributes.body
This method allows the teacher to understand the students as individuals rather than in a general classroom setting.

This shows the students overall understanding and knowledge of life through their experiences so the teacher can best adapt their teaching practices, understanding of diverse backgrounds, and teaching approaches to best benefit all students, along with individual focus for each student to be successful.

This creates learning opportunities and support from the teachers and students to create a productive learning environment.

“The challenge consists in connecting these bodies of educational resources with teaching practice in order to connect the curriculum with students’ lives. In other words, funds of knowledge research is driven by an equity agenda that capitalizes on building on the students’ and their families’ knowledge and experiences as resources for schooling” (Esteban-Guitart and Moll pg. 43)