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Truman Doctrine was a war made by President Harry Truman in 1947. The purpose was to fight against communism like Greece & turkey were having struggles against commuism threats. Britian couldn't afford helping anymore, but the U.S offered $400 million to help them stay free with aid. The effect of the Truman Doctrine was the begnning of the cold war, and led to more U.S involvement but conflicts. Now this has changed the U.S forgein policy and U.S. took on the role of defending democracy worldwide.

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The marshall plan was a program from the United States to give money to Europe after the WW2. They wanted the countries to recover,stop communism,and build the economie. Before, the european countries where destroyed,U.S was afraid the countries will turn into communism,and believed that "stronger economies would lead to stable, democratic governments." After, the U.S gave $13million to rebuild europe and help other countries like France,Germany,Italy,and the Uk. Now Europe has became strong allies with the U.S and "economic aid could be used as a tool for diplomacy".

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The Red Scare & McCarthyism (1950s) was an time where people where scared of communists and were falsey accussed of being communists. After WW2 the Soviet Union and the US were against each-other in the cold war which made people fear even more. This was even worse now since the Soviets had nuclear weapons. A lot of people lost their jobs including Government workers, teachers, and Hollywood actors. Others where falsey investigated and blacklisted. This lead to unfair accusations and the term “McCarthyism” is still used when people are accused without any eligible evidence.

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The Space Race & Sputnik in 1957 is the race between the Soviet Union and the US to explore outta space during the cold war. This was due to the fact they wanted to prove to each other who was more advanced in science, technology, and military power. The Soviet Union had launched Sputnik 1 which made the US fear because they might also launch missiles that could reach the U.S. Now this was also during the time NASA was created in 1958, so the US launched their own satellite, Explorer 1 in 1958. After the space race introduced Apollo 11 moon landing in 1969 and the U.S is the first country to put humans on the moon. 

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The Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 is the 13 day stand off between the US and the Soviet Union. This was because of a nuclear missile in Cuba and was the closest to make a nuclear war during the Cold War. So the Soviet Union secretly put nuclear missiles in Cuba but The U.S. discovered the missiles through spy plane photos. This caused President John F. Kennedy demanded their removal and ordered a naval blockade. Now the U.S handles conflicts with other countries today and an agreement  Nuclear Test Ban Treaty.

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The Vietnam War from 1955–1975 was one of the most controversial conflicts in U.S. history. This was fought between North Vietnam and South Vietnam. This war became deeply unpopular which sparked mass protests which had a major shift in how Americans viewed their government and military.