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The process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information is known as memory. As a first type of memory, sensory memory holds sensory information such as sights and sounds for a short period of time before it is processed. Although sensory memory only lasts for a few seconds, it helps us interact with the world.

A second type of memory is short-term memory, also known as active memory. The short-term memory holds information for a few seconds before it is either forgotten or transferred to the long-term memory. Short-term memory allows us to remember information needed within a short period of time, such as phone numbers and recipes.

In addition to short-term memory, long-term memory is a storage space where information can be retrieved from hours, days, or even years ago. To create long-lasting memories, short-term memory retrieves information from long-term memory. In addition, it allows people to retain skills so that they can apply them to different types of tasks.

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Importance of Memory in Learning Environments

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Importance of Memory in Learning Environments

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In learning environments, memory is essential for storing, encoding, and applying knowledge. "The working memory is where all of the mental processing and real-time thinking takes place" (Furst, 2021). In working memory, a limited amount of information is taken in and combined with previously stored knowledge. Teachers expect students to retain the information they learn on a daily basis. During the learning phase, teachers should make learning new concepts memorable. Students can store valuable information in their long-term memory. In order to apply previously taught skills to a new concept, students must be able to retrieve previously taught skills. All subsequent memory processes are built on sensory memory, which is vital for students to learn. The retention and comprehension of lessons can be increased by engaging all the students' senses.

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As memories are formed, the brain forms new connections between neurons, strengthens existing ones, and reorganizes neural pathways. "When long-term memory forms in the brain, the hippocampus retrieves information from the working memory and begins to change the brain's physical neural wiring" (Lesley University, 2025). Memory formation relies on synaptic plasticity, the brain's ability to modify and strengthen connections between neurons.

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As a result of memory retention, information is stored and recalled and applied to new situations. To learn a new concept, one must be able to retain the information and apply it to current concepts. Retention refers to the ability to retain and recall previously taught information. Information is transferred from the short-term memory to the long-term memory during this process. Learners can understand that stored knowledge can be applied to different learning experiences when transferring previous knowledge to different situations.

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As a result of trauma and memory, the brain undergoes changes. This affects the brain's ability to retain information and leads to memory loss or difficulty recalling details. Oftentimes, traumatizing memories are vivid and emotional. Despite not being able to recall the sequence of events, people can recall how the traumatic event made them feel. Amygdalas are responsible for processing emotions and fear responses in the brain. Emotional memories, especially those linked to trauma, are stored and retrieved by it heavily.

Trauma impacts semantic memory, affecting a person's ability to recall information and comprehend concepts. Often, trauma memories are stored in the implicit memory, which is not consciously recalled, causing flashbacks and strong emotional reactions.

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I work in a first-grade classroom where I aim to include strategies that will improve students’ memory, retention, and transfer processing skills. Three strategies that will be incorporated are retrieval practice, active recall and elaboration, and multi-sensory learning. Retrieval practice entails giving students regular tests and quizzes and using flashcards to review concepts that have already been taught. As students consistently review previously taught information it will strengthen their ability to memorize the content and encourage retention. I have created a sight word PowerPoint slide for students to say their sight words daily. I have seen tremendous improvement in their reading skills. Quizzes can help students review and reinforce key concepts, which can be beneficial for students who may have difficulty with memory or focus due to trauma.  The goal is to instill a sense of confidence in those students that have been through trauma.

The next strategy that will improve memory and retention is recall and elaboration. My students do per share with their classmates at the beginning of each lesson. Peer share is when students turn to their partner to discuss a specific topic. I have realized that the students retain the information as they have open discussion about subjects with their peers. Peer sharing lessens the feeling of isolation in students that have experienced trauma. Those students will most likely feel a boost of confidence as their peers listen to their thoughts concerning the topic. I will encourage my students to connect the new information to what they already know. Students are encouraged to ask their peers for help before approaching the teacher. Students are constantly leaning on what is stored in their memory as they elaborate with their peers.

Multi-sensory learning will have a positive impact on improving students’ memory and their ability to retain information. Multi-sensory engages multiple senses such as sight, sound, touch to enhance memory and retention.

Students can learn through kinesthetic activities which entail movement. For instance, to increase students’ knowledge of the alphabet they can do the alphabet workout song. I will use visual aids such as pictures and anchor charts to improve students’ memory and retention. It is important for schools to provide staff with trauma response training. My school provided the staff with trauma response training which provided valuable information concerning how to go about dealing with students that has experienced trauma. Trauma-sensitive strategies in schools may include educating all school staff about trauma and its effects, promoting physical and emotional safety in relationships and in the environment (AIR, 2025). All staff must be willing to be a listening ear and have the ability to create a safe space for those students.

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American Institute for Research. (2025). Trauma Sensitive Schools. Trauma-Sensitive Schools | MTSS Center

Furst, E. (2021). Working Memory and its role in Teaching and Learning. Retrieved from Working memory and its role in teaching and learning - THE EDUCATION HUB

Lesley University. (2025). How Memories are made: Stages of Memory Formation. How Memories Are Made: Stages of Memory Formation | Lesley University