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In the early 1980s, Swiss economist and architect Stahel developed the "Cradle to Cradle" idea, which emphasizes a closed-loop, circular economy that places an emphasis on waste reduction, remanufacturing, product longevity, and reuse. His theories served as the basis for the modern performance economy, which places an emphasis on:

extending product lifecycles by remanufacturing and repair.

leasing as opposed to selling (for example, selling services as opposed to goods).

By repairing and reusing things rather than throwing them away, jobs can be created while sustaining sustainability.

Waste-as-resource theory, in which leftover resources are used again in manufacturing.

https://ecochain.com/blog/cradle-to-cradle-in-lca/#:~:text=Cradle%2Dto%2Dcradle%20means%20a,and%20reduces%20their%20environmental%20impacts.&text=Cradle%2Dto%2Dcradle%20or%20cradle,old%20products%20go%20to%20waste.

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Cradle to Cradle: William McDonough & Michael Braungart (2002) 

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Cradle to Cradle: William McDonough & Michael Braungart (2002) 

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In Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things (2002), chemist Braungart and architect McDonough expanded on Stahel's concepts. Their methodology centers on creating sustainable designs from beginning to end, guaranteeing that materials are either:

biodegradable biological nutrients that can be safely returned to the environment.

In industrial cycles, technical nutrients are continually used without losing their quality.

The main focus:

Utilizing sustainable, non-toxic materials promotes material health and safety.

eco-efficient design that goes beyond merely minimizing damage.

A foundation for companies to produce sustainable goods is Cradle to Cradle Certification.

a comprehensive approach that integrates environmental responsibility, material science, and design.

https://mcdonough.com/cradle-to-cradle/

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This foundation's main goals are to accelerate the shift to a circular economy, advance C2C design, and collaborate with governments and corporations to put circular economy solutions into practice.

https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/about-us/timeline

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2010s Rise of Ethical Fashion and Slow Fashion Movements

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2010s Rise of Ethical Fashion and Slow Fashion Movements

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In protest of the collapse of the Rana Plaza plant in Bangladesh, as customers grew increasingly conscious of the fashion industry's effects on society and the environment, movements arose. Fair labor practices, sustainable production techniques, and ethical sourcing were highlighted.

https://cleanclothes.org/campaigns/past/rana-plaza

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A greater emphasis on sustainability has been placed on a number of industries, including fashion, as a result of the global climate agreement. In keeping with the objectives of the Paris Agreement, numerous fashion firms have set aggressive goals to lessen their environmental effect.

https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement