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Tooro, like Uganda as a whole, is characterised by religious diversity. The Batooro has a concept of a supreme being Ruhanga, who is the creator of everything. However, most people adhere to Christianity. Catholics and Anglicans participate in philanthropic work that extends healthcare services to marginalised groups, which benefits public health.

THE BATOORO PEOPLE & CULTURE | Uganda Travel Guide. (2023). https://www.ugandatravelguide.com/tooro-kingdom-culture.html

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Principle health issues that refugees face.

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Principle health issues that refugees face.

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Eritrea is one of the poorest countries in Africa, affected by insecurity. Nutritional deficiencies due to inadequate access to balanced diets and healthcare is a key issue faced by refugees from the country (Refugee Council of Australia, 2020). Thus, to address this issue, offering screening to all people from Eritrea for anaemia and other blood conditions would be appropriate (Australian et al..)

Australian healthcare providers provide dietary supplementation to these refugees and nutrition education to promote healthy eating habits (Refugee Council of Australia, 2020). Another health concern is infectious diseases such as Tuberculosis (TB).

Therefore, upon arrival, refugees are screened for TB. If diagnosed, they receive comprehensive treatment, often involving a combination of antibiotics for several months (Refugee Council of Australia, 2020).
Another common health concern is mental health and trauma challenges issues. Common cognitive problems include post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety. Culturally sensitive mental health interventions such as counselling using Cognitive behaviour therapy and trauma-focused therapy are used to address them.

Refugee Council of Australia. (2018). Asylum seekers: Key facts and latest news - Refugee Council of Australia. Refugee Council of Australia. https://www.refugeecouncil.org.au/asylum/

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Health to me means being well physically, mentally, and socially okay to be able to achieve daily needs and wants (Crisp et al., 2021b, pp. 69–70). Drawing inspiration from my rich Tooro culture, it is a state where my body, spirit and mind harmoniously co-exist. As a nurse, I will show empathy when defining health and what health means to migrants/refugees, knowing that some are from war-torn countries, have been traumatised, and separated from their families. Thus, they would look at health from a different perspective.

Crisp, J., Douglas, C., Rebeiro, G., & Waters, D. (2021b). Potter & Perry’s Fundamentals of Nursing (6th ed., pp. 69–70). Elsevier Australia.

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Various social determinants outlined by WHO influence the health and well-being of refugees and immigrants in Australia. One of them is income and social protection. Many refugees arrive in Australia with limited financial resources. Insufficient income can lead to challenges in accessing healthcare, healthy food, and safe housing (WHO, 2023). It may also result in stress and mental health issues.

Another social determinant includes housing, basic amenities, and the environment. Migrants, refugees, and Indigenous Australians often face overcrowding, substandard living conditions, and homelessness upon arrival (WHO, 2019). These conditions can contribute to health issues such as gastrointestinal illness and depression due to their interplay. Leading to mental health disturbance and depression.

The third social determinant is food insecurity, a complex issue of limited access to sufficient, safe, nutritious cultural food. This can lead to nutritional deficiencies, affecting physical and mental health. (WHO 2023)

World Health Organization. (2023). Social determinants of health. World Health Organisation. https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1

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The region's prominent sport is football (Tooro United FC), Batooro engages in various sports like football, long-distance running and boxing, providing entertainment and promoting mental and physical well-being (Uganda et al., 2023).

THE BATOORO PEOPLE & CULTURE | Uganda Travel Guide. (2023). https://www.ugandatravelguide.com/tooro-kingdom-culture.html

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Health beliefs in Tooro often blend traditional and modern elements. Traditional healers (Abafumu) play a significant role in healthcare, as they are believed to learn herbal remedies, rituals, and spiritual practices that can treat physical and spiritual ailments (Uganda et al., 2023).

Uganda Travel Guide. (2023). The Batooro people & culture. https://www.ugandatravelguide.com/tooro-kingdom-culture.html

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Matoke (green banana) is a staple food in Tooro culture and has complex carbohydrates, dietary fibre, and essential nutrients like vitamin C and potassium (Uganda et al., 2023).

COMMUNITY, I. C. (2019, July 12). Know About Tooro Traditional Meal. Isunga Cultural C. https://isungacommunity.wixsite.com/website/post/know-about-tooro-traditional-meal
How to prepare steamed matooke (Kubobeza). (2021). Chakula Tamu. https://chakulatamu.ca/blog/how-to-prepare-steamed-matooke-kubobeza/

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The primary language spoken in Tooro is Rutooro, which is widely used in daily communication within the kingdom. Tooro people also speak English as a second language. However, when it comes to health information, many residents prefer to receive advice and guidance in Rutooro as it ensures clear understanding and trust in the information provided (Uganda et al., 2023).
Besides their family names, the Batooro have pet names(empaako), which are used when greeting each other.

Isunga Cultural Community. (n.d.). Isunga Cultural C. https://isungacommunity.wixsite.com/website/blog

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Tooro’s culture in music and dance is a significant part of the country's diverse cultural heritage (Uganda et al., 2023). Traditional dances like the Runyege dance are rhythmic and vigorous. Dancers typically form a line or circle and move in tune with traditional African drums and other instruments. These dances are therapeutic tools since they promote mental and emotional well-being.

Uganda Travel Guide. (2023). The Batooro people & culture. https://www.ugandatravelguide.com/tooro-kingdom-culture.html

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Psychosociocultural models and frameworks of health profession practice.

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Psychosociocultural models and frameworks of health profession practice.

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Domain 7
For me, the most significant aspect of the competency standard 12.1 was to develop and maintain awareness of the migrants/refugees' cultural beliefs, values and biases and their impact on my interactions in providing holistic cultural safety care (Crisp et al., 2021).

I have improved my understanding of competency standard 12.2 to recognise the presence and knowledge of the impact of systemic biases in institutional policies, resource allocation, and laws when caring for refugees.

Because I do not yet know what they expect from me as their nurse, I will now need to practice this by asking them open-ended questions and actively listening, speaking, using plain English, and explaining complex concepts and terminology to enhance migrants' understanding, plus involving interpreters where necessary (Crisp et al., 2021)

This skill is essential to me in the workplace because I will learn to know my client’s cultural background, including any cultural aspect or custom that might influence their healthcare decisions (Migrant, 2019).

Finally, I will adhere to high ethical standards and commit to the principles of competency standard 12.3, realised that safety is essential to providing high-quality, personal-centred care to refugees and migrants (Migrant, 2019). I believe doing this will contribute to an inclusive healthcare system where every patient's cultural background is respected while maintaining their dignity.

Alternatively, this could be explained by recognising the autonomy of people from migrant and refugee backgrounds over their care and respecting the influence of their culture on their healthcare decisions and choices. For instance, in my culture, we do not expose illness.

Crisp, J., Douglas, C., Rebeiro, G., & Waters, D. (2021). Potter & Perry’s Fundamentals of Nursing (6th ed.). Elsevier Australia.
Migrant and Refugee Health Partnership. (2019). Migrant & Refugee Women's Health Partnership. https://culturaldiversityhealth.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Culturally-responsive-clinical-practice-Working-with-people-from-migrant-and-refugee-backgrounds-Jan2019.pdf