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Political corruption happens all around the world.

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Political corruption happens all around the world.

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Russia is perceived as the world's most corrupt country. Other places include Africa, the Middle East, and South America

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How can we stop the spread of corruption?

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How can we stop the spread of corruption?

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Some ways to do this is:

Aligning anti-corruption measures with market, behavioral, and social forces. Another way is to adopt integrity standards.

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Combating Corruption and Promoting Good Governance

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Combating Corruption and Promoting Good Governance

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https://www.state.gov/combating-corruption-and-promoting-good-governance/

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Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs

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Combating Corruption and Promoting Good Governance - United States Department of State

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Corruption is one of the most pervasive types of crime: it fuels transnational crime, wastes public resources, destabilizes countries, and impedes good governance. Authoritarian countries and those veering towards authoritarianism increasingly weaponize corruption to perpetuate power at home and undermine democracy around the world. While no country is immune to this threat and the United […]

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No country is immune to corruption. The abuse of public office for private gain erodes people's trust in government and institutions, makes public policies less effective and fair, and siphons taxpayers' money away from schools, roads, and hospitals.

While the wasted money is important, the cost is about much more. Corruption corrodes the government's ability to help grow the economy in a way that benefits all citizens.

But the political will to build strong and transparent institutions can turn the tide against corruption. In our new Fiscal Monitor, we shine a light on fiscal institutions and policies, like tax administration or procurement practices, and show how they can fight corruption.
Political will can turn the tide against corruption. Corruption helps evade taxes
We analyze more than 180 countries and find that more corrupt countries collect fewer taxes, as people pay bribes to avoid them, including through tax loopholes designed in exchange for kickbacks. Also, when taxpayers believe their governments are corrupt, they are more likely to evade paying taxes.

We show that overall, the least corrupt governments collect 4 percent of GDP more in tax revenues than countries at the same level of economic development with the highest levels of corruption.

A few countries' reforms generated even higher revenues. Georgia, for example, reduced corruption significantly and tax revenues more than doubled, rising by 13 percentage points of GDP between 2003 and 2008. Rwanda's reforms to fight corruption since the mid-1990s bore fruit, and tax revenues increased by 6 percentage points of GDP.

Corruption also prevents people from benefiting fully from the wealth created by their country's natural resources. Because the exploration of oil or mining generates huge profits, it creates strong incentives for corruption. Our research shows that resource-rich countries, on average, have weaker institutions and higher corruption.
Corruption wastes taxpayers' money
The Fiscal Monitor shows that countries with lower levels of perceived corruption have significantly less waste in public investment projects. We estimate that the most corrupt emerging market economies waste twice as much money as the least corrupt ones.

Governments waste taxpayers' money when they spend it on cost overruns due to kickbacks or bid rigging in public procurement. So, when a country is less corrupt, it invests money more efficiently and fairly.

Corruption also distorts government priorities. For example, among low-income countries, the share of the budget dedicated to education and health is one-third lower in more corrupt countries. It also impacts the effectiveness of social spending. In more corrupt countries school-age students have lower test scores.

Corruption is also a problem in state-owned enterprises, such as some countries' oil companies, and public utilities like electric and water companies. Our analysis suggests that these enterprises are less efficient in countries with high levels of corruption.
Where there is political will, there is a way
Fighting corruption requires political will to create strong fiscal institutions that promote integrity and accountability throughout the public sector.

Based on the research, here are some lessons for countries to help them build effective institutions that curb vulnerabilities to corruption:

Invest in high levels of transparency and independent external scrutiny. This allows audit agencies and the public at large to provide effective oversight. For example, Colombia, Costa Rica, and Paraguay are using an online platform that allows citizens to monitor the physical and financial progress of investment projects. Norway has developed a high standard of transparency to manage its natural resources. Our analysis also shows that a free press enhances the benefits of fiscal transparency. In Brazil, the results of audits impacted the reelection prospects of officials suspected of misuse of public money, but the impact was greater in areas with local radio stations.

Reform institutions. The chances for success are greater when countries design reforms to tackle corruption from all angles. For example, reforms to tax administration will have a greater payoff if tax laws are simpler and they reduce officials' scope for discretion. To help countries, the IMF has built comprehensive diagnostics on the quality of fiscal institutions, including public investment management, revenue administration, and fiscal transparency.

Build a professional civil service. Transparent, merit-based hiring and pay reduce the opportunities for corruption. The heads of agencies, ministries, and public enterprises must promote ethical behavior by setting a clear tone at the top.

Keep pace with new challenges as technology and opportunities for wrongdoing evolve. Focus on areas of higher risk-such as procurement, revenue administration, and management of natural resources-as well as effective internal controls. In Chile and Korea, for example, electronic procurement systems have been powerful tools to curtail corruption by promoting transparency and improving competition.

More cooperation to fight corruption. Countries can also join efforts to make it harder for corruption to cross borders. For example, more than 40 countries have already made it a crime for their companies to pay bribes to gain business abroad under the OECD anti-corruption convention. Countries can also aggressively pursue anti-money laundering activities and reduce transnational opportunities to hide corrupt money in opaque financial centers.

Curbing corruption is a challenge that requires persevering on many fronts, but one that pays huge dividends. It starts with political will, continuously strengthening institutions to promote integrity and accountability, and global cooperation.
Watch a conversation with the authors:

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No country is immune to corruption. The abuse of public office for private gain erodes people's trust in government and institutions, makes public policies less effective and fair, and siphons taxpayers' money away from schools, roads, and hospitals. While the wasted money is important, the cost is about much more.

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Corruption can happen for many reasons, some of them being:

Greed of money or desires.

having higher levels of market and political monopolization

Low levels of democracy, weak civil participation and low political transparency.

Higher levels of bureaucracy and inefficient administrative structures.

Low press freedom.

And low economic freedom.

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what can happen to the economy if corruption is found in the government?

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what can happen to the economy if corruption is found in the government?

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It strictly inhibits the economic growth. The economy the people have worked so hard to build toward ultimately starts failing, in which case this leads to poverty within that country.

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What does the affect of corruption have on the people?

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What does the affect of corruption have on the people?

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"People lose trust in leaders, in social systems (public institutions) and sometimes even in society and ethics itself when they sense that corruption is widespread and corrupt actors are not being held accountable."

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Anti-Corruption Module 1 Key Issues: Effects of Corruption

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Doha Declaration - Education for Justice (UNODC)

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Although we (the people) vote for a president every so often, how do we truly know what and who is going to benefit us as a society? There is a lot of bias spreading about President Donald Trump and Joe Biden. However no one is really talking about their strategies in which they "plan" to better our country.

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What courses of action is the government taking in order to destroy corruption?

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What courses of action is the government taking in order to destroy corruption?

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"The United States has launched new anti-money laundering policies in an effort to prevent illicit and corrupt finances – or dirty money and illegal activity or dealings – from entering the American economy." This statement from Albert Torres implies that the money, greed, as well as power is the problem to the corrupted world.

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U.S. Leadership in the Fight Against Global Corruption

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U.S. Leadership in the Fight Against Global Corruption

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FACT SHEET: U.S. Leadership in the Fight Against Global Corruption | The White House

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Corruption poses an existential threat to prosperity, security, and democracy – for Americans and for people around the world. When officials steal from their citizens or oligarchs flout the rule of law, honest businesses cannot compete, poverty grows, conflict deepens, and trust in government plummets. In recognition of this grave threat, President Biden established countering…