# data[].attributes.body
Faith, Eunyse, Shannon

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zachkery

saint

Javier

cruz

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Ruo Fei Yu Da matthew

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implementation of seawalls and polders

seawalls protect the coastline to reduce the increase in sea level. polders make use of barriers known as dykes to protect lowl-ying land to prevent flooding.

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water saving technologies such as new water to adapt to modern environmental problems related to climate change.

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factors and measures which include educational options, informational options and behavioural options

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new water saves water by recycling from treated sewage ('used water') and produced using a rigorous 3-step purification process involving ultrafiltration/microfiltration, reverse osmosis (RO) and ultraviolet (UV) disinfection. this helps reduce water waste by reusing water and turning it into clean drinking water.

# data[].attributes.headline
Explain: in what ways has the strategy been effective?

# data[].attributes.subject
Explain: in what ways has the strategy been effective?

# data[].attributes.body
seawalls absorb and dissipate wave energy, reducing the force of waves as they approach the coastline. It also stabilises the coastline, acting as a physical barrier between the coastline waves, thus preventing erosion

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its limitations lie in its cost. water purification is an expensive process and may stunt its long term stability. the public is unsure that the water purification method is reliable and is concerned about the clarity of the water.

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Choose either ONE mitigation or adaption strategy 

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Choose either ONE mitigation or adaption strategy 

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Scan the QR code on page 81 or 88 of your textbook.

Use SLS ONLY to complete your group task on Padlet wall.

Describe:

1. Point: what is the strategy about?

2. Explain: in what ways has the strategy been effective?

3. Evaluate: in what ways has the strategy been ineffective? (limitations)

4. Example: can you give specific examples of places and describe what happened?

5. Provide 1 group data to support the effectiveness of the strategy (e.g. 1 graph,  photo, map, video link, article or cartoon.

Select an opposing strategy (mitigation vs adaption) and comment on the comparison of yours and this other group’s strategy.

# data[].attributes.body
Rene, Natalie, Charyss

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An international environmental treaty addressing climate change. These coordinated efforts may reduce the worsening of the impacts of climate change, hence building community’s resilience to climate change.

# data[].attributes.headline
Explain: in what ways has the strategy been effective?

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Explain: in what ways has the strategy been effective?

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1. Puts greater responsibilities on developed countries to lead the way

• Developed industrialised countries are considered as the main source of most past and current greenhouse gas emissions.

•so , they are expected to cut the most emissions in their home country.

2. Funds and technologies are directed to climate action in developing countries

• Developed industrialised countries agree under the Convention to support climate change activities in developing countries by providing financial support for action on climate change.

A system of grants and loans has been set up through the Convention and is managed by the Global Environment Facility.

Industrialised countries also agree to share technology with developing

3. Monitoring the progress of climate change policies.

Developed industrialised countries have to regularly report on their climate change policies and strategies adopted.

They must also submit an annual report of their greenhouse gas emissions.

Developing countries are required to report on their actions both to address climate change and to adapt to its impacts, but less regularly than industrialised countries

# data[].attributes.headline
Evaluate: in what ways has the strategy been ineffective? (limitations)

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Evaluate: in what ways has the strategy been ineffective? (limitations)

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It has an institutional limitation. The implementation of agreements is solely dependent on the parties’ commitment to act at a national and local level. As countries have different priorities, the commitment to act will also vary. The contributions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are not legally binding. If any party refuses to take action or increase their commitment, no legal action can be taken to enforce the contributions.

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Example: can you give specific examples of places and describe what happened?

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Example: can you give specific examples of places and describe what happened?

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In 2015, the COP made significant progress on international climate negotiations known as the Paris Agreement. Legally binding international treaty on climate change was adopted by 191 Parties in Paris, France. Parties are required to develop their own set of targets and measures

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Does your group think yours is the MOST effective mitigation strategy?

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Does your group think yours is the MOST effective mitigation strategy?

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No, the effectiveness of this strategy strongly relies on the cooperation of the different countries that are taking part in the agreement. Should the countries not cooperate and continue these processes, there will no purpose for the developed countries to provide funding.

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Some countries will pretend that they want to take part in the Paris Agreement, but they just want to have a part of the funding

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30 min to complete your strategy

10 min to read and post last comment

10 min to share in class

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Julian, Celeste, Kaiyisah

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amani aisyah renee kiera

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Ronesha, tricia, sonja

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Daniel Faes

Ryan Wangk

Lucas Yeo

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Wayne,Gabriel,Zaccaheus and Zhiyuan

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separating and capturing carbon dioxide from powerplants and other industrial sources of emissions

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comes from renewable zero emissions sources that do not pollute the atmosphere when released

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Land management is the process of managing the use and development of land resources (in both urban and rural settings, but it is mostly managed in Urban places). Land resources are used for a variety of purposes which may include organic agriculture, reforestation, water resource management and eco-tourism projects

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Point: What is the strategy about? (aaralyn, bernice, joshua) 

# data[].attributes.subject
Point: What is the strategy about? (aaralyn, bernice, joshua) 

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Factors or measures which employ technology and innovation, such as water-saving technologies, efficient irrigation, and early warning systems

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Developing and implementing policies that help a country to adapt to climate change and it's related hazards

# data[].attributes.headline
Explain: in what ways has the strategy been effective?

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Explain: in what ways has the strategy been effective?

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carbon storage such as ocean storage involves the direct dissolution of captured carbon dioxide into the ocean or injecting captured carbon dioxide into deep water.

carbon utilisation is using carbon dioxide to create products that can be sold for profits and thus can increase the value

# data[].attributes.headline
Explain: in what ways has the strategy been effective?

# data[].attributes.subject
Explain: in what ways has the strategy been effective?

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solar : cleanest and most abundant renewable energy source available

hydroelectric : does not release GHG

in general : reduces the emissions of GHG released

# data[].attributes.headline
Explain: in what ways has the strategy been effective?

# data[].attributes.subject
Explain: in what ways has the strategy been effective?

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By extending/building more drains, this effectively managed more floods due to the extended size of drains. Land plays an important role in global cycles of greenhouse gases (GHGs, the major GHGs are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O)). Land use activities can result in emissions of such greenhouse gases to the atmosphere or removal of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere.

# data[].attributes.headline
Explain: in what ways has the strategy been effective? (aaralyn, bernice, joshua) 

# data[].attributes.subject
Explain: in what ways has the strategy been effective? (aaralyn, bernice, joshua) 

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technological adaptation strategies to produce food can help communities to remain food secure. Food security is achieved when all people, at all times, have physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets their food preferences and dietary needs for an active and healthy lifestyle

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Example: can you give specific examples of places and describe what happened?

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Example: can you give specific examples of places and describe what happened?

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Singapore : Tampines secondary school, first PES to install solar panels in the school rooftops ; to fulfill the schools energy needs to power the school

Indonesia : installing solar system may cost around US$900 to 1300 per kW ; solar energy accounts for 1.7 % of the country's total electricity in 2019

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Explain: in what ways has the strategy been effective?

# data[].attributes.subject
Explain: in what ways has the strategy been effective?

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raising awareness and educating communities on how to respond to climate change impacts is also very important. it can educe vulnerability of communities to climate change impacts as communities are aware of the warning signs of possible climatic hazards, and take appropriate steps to protect themselves

# data[].attributes.headline
Explain: in what ways has the strategy been effective?

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Explain: in what ways has the strategy been effective?

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The relocation of infrastructure from coastal areas affected by rising sea levels can be done. This however is unprecedented. For example,Fiji has set up a special govenrment taskforce to try to work out how to move the country ahead of the imminent threat of rising sea levels. The plan it has come up is titled-Standard Operating Procedures for Planned Relocations. The first successful relocation of a village was done in Vunidogoloa an isnald village in Fiji. This thus shows that even though adapting to climate change through institutional means can be hard it still can be done

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The regeneration of forests can be achieved through forest afforestation and reforestation. as trees grow, they absorb and store carbon dioxide. This is able to reduce the impacts of climate change.

# data[].attributes.headline
Evaluate: in what ways has the strategy been ineffective? (limitations)

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Evaluate: in what ways has the strategy been ineffective? (limitations)

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economics; requires funding and subsides and technological; there are concerns which carbon may leak out overtime

# data[].attributes.headline
Explain: in what ways has the strategy been effective?

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Explain: in what ways has the strategy been effective?

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The regeneration of forests helps in the enhancement of land-based carbon sink. As trees grow, they absorb and store carbon dioxide. This reduces the impacts of climate change, building community resilience. Forest regeneration can be achieved through Afforestation and Reforestation

# data[].attributes.headline
Evaluate: in what ways has the strategy been ineffective? (limitations)

# data[].attributes.subject
Evaluate: in what ways has the strategy been ineffective? (limitations)

# data[].attributes.headline
Evaluate: in what ways has the strategy been ineffective? (limitations)

# data[].attributes.subject
Evaluate: in what ways has the strategy been ineffective? (limitations)

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economy is affected : very expensive , depends heavily on government policies and financial support

cost competitive

# data[].attributes.headline
Evaluate: in what ways has the strategy been ineffective? (limitations)

# data[].attributes.subject
Evaluate: in what ways has the strategy been ineffective? (limitations)

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Seawalls can be expensive to design, construct, and maintain, especially for large-scale projects or in areas with challenging coastal conditions. Regular maintenance is also necessary to address wear and tear as well as coastal erosion.

Seawalls can also disrupt coastal ecosystems by altering habitats, obstructing migration routes for marine species thus reducing ecological processes and biodiversity

# data[].attributes.headline
Evaluate: in what ways has the strategy been ineffective? (limitations) (aaralyn, bernice, joshua)

# data[].attributes.subject
Evaluate: in what ways has the strategy been ineffective? (limitations) (aaralyn, bernice, joshua)

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They can be very costly, which may not be possible in countries with limited funding.

# data[].attributes.headline
Evaluate: in what ways has the strategy been ineffective? (limitations)

# data[].attributes.subject
Evaluate: in what ways has the strategy been ineffective? (limitations)

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people may not be willing to change their behaviour due to a variety of reasons.

# data[].attributes.headline
Evaluate: in what ways has the strategy been ineffective? (limitations)

# data[].attributes.subject
Evaluate: in what ways has the strategy been ineffective? (limitations)

# data[].attributes.headline
Example: can you give specific examples of places and describe what happened?

# data[].attributes.subject
Example: can you give specific examples of places and describe what happened?

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example for limitations: in 2020, Singapore government announced 49 millions dollars will be put aside to fund no carbon energy and to test the effectiveness of carbon capture utilisation and storage.

# data[].attributes.headline
Example: can you give specific examples of places and describe what happened?

# data[].attributes.subject
Example: can you give specific examples of places and describe what happened?

# data[].attributes.headline
Example: can you give specific examples of places and describe what happened?

# data[].attributes.subject
Example: can you give specific examples of places and describe what happened?

# data[].attributes.headline
Example: can you give specific examples of places and describe what happened? (aaralyn, bernice, joshua)

# data[].attributes.subject
Example: can you give specific examples of places and describe what happened? (aaralyn, bernice, joshua)

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Egg farms can be automated such that eggs can undergo checks faster, and manpower can be allocated to other needs on the farm. In fish farms, high tech water tanks can monitor water quality, and artificial intelligence systems can observe fishes to check if they have diseases so that swift action can be taken to prevent disease spread.

# data[].attributes.headline
Example: can you give specific examples of places and describe what happened?

# data[].attributes.subject
Example: can you give specific examples of places and describe what happened?

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for example, some communities in Nepal prefer to stick to their traditional ways of adapting such as temporary migration to find alternative employment during periods of drought and are reluctant to try new methods, such as growing more drought resistant crops.

# data[].attributes.headline
Example: can you give specific examples of places and describe what happened?

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Example: can you give specific examples of places and describe what happened?

# data[].attributes.headline
Example: can you give specific examples of places and describe what happened?

# data[].attributes.subject
Example: can you give specific examples of places and describe what happened?

# data[].attributes.body
The NParks Forest Restoration Action Plan for nature areas, the plan was unveiled the Forest Restoration Action Plan for the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Central catchment Nature Reserve and Nature Park Network. This plan would chart the restoration that will be undertaken over the next 10 years to regenerate the secondary forests in the Nature parks buffering the two Nature reserves, as well as disturbed patches within the Reserves. The approach will comprise the painting of a framework of native species that are nitrogen fixing to naturally improve the soil condition, and those that will attract disperserd and pollinators.

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Evaluate: in what ways has the strategy been ineffective? (limitations)

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Evaluate: in what ways has the strategy been ineffective? (limitations)

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However large scale afforestation can cause a greater competition for land. As more land is used for the planting of trees, less land will be available for other uses, such as agriculture which may lead to an increase in food prices. This could lead to an increase in food prices, threatening food security.

Furthermore, a large scale tree planting programme could take 50 to 100 years to have its fullest effect of removing 200 billion tonnes of co2 from the atmosphere

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some farmer in China have increasingly subscribed to crop insurance against extreme weather in China. low lying cities that have planned relocations due to recurrent floods in the Netherlands.

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Does your group think yours is the MOST effective mitigation strategy?

# data[].attributes.subject
Does your group think yours is the MOST effective mitigation strategy?

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yes, it kills 2 birds with one stone as carbon can be used as products which can earn profits by sellers

# data[].attributes.headline
Does your group think yours is the MOST effective mitigation strategy?

# data[].attributes.subject
Does your group think yours is the MOST effective mitigation strategy?

# data[].attributes.body
no, low carbon technologies

it emits low levels of GHG and store CO2

# data[].attributes.headline
Does your group think yours is the MOST effective mitigation strategy?

# data[].attributes.subject
Does your group think yours is the MOST effective mitigation strategy?

# data[].attributes.headline
Does your group think yours is the MOST effective mitigation strategy?

# data[].attributes.subject
Does your group think yours is the MOST effective mitigation strategy?

# data[].attributes.body
clean energy sources are the most effective as it immediately reduces greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. for example, solar energy will be effective in nations that experiences longer periods of sunlight, thus they are able to effectively utilise this clean energy source.

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Does your group think yours is the MOST effective adaptation strategy?

# data[].attributes.subject
Does your group think yours is the MOST effective adaptation strategy?

# data[].attributes.body
no because if the people do not comply with those strategies, it would be ineffective and have no purpose in adapting to and preventing climate hazards. we think that structural adaptation is the most effective as it does not require the cooperation of the citizens making it the most effective implementation.

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Does your group think yours is the MOST effective adaptation strategy?

# data[].attributes.subject
Does your group think yours is the MOST effective adaptation strategy?

# data[].attributes.body
Nominate:

1 Scribe

1 Presenter

1 leader & timekeeper

# data[].attributes.headline
Does your group think yours is the MOST effective adaptation strategy?

# data[].attributes.subject
Does your group think yours is the MOST effective adaptation strategy?

# data[].attributes.headline
Does your group think yours is the MOST effective adaptation strategy?

# data[].attributes.subject
Does your group think yours is the MOST effective adaptation strategy?