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Examples of causes:

*You ring the doorbell and it chimes sound*

-Why?

Immediate Cause: touch of your finger on the button

Remote Cause: you were ordered by your dispatcher to go ring the doorbell

**Keep asking yourself "Why?"**

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Your audience is aware of you will not be able

to adress all the points, and all they ask of you is

to write a reasonable and coherent essay.

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Even a small cause can result into a significant effect/event

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Watch out for post hoc fallacy.

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Ask why and what if questions to find the cause and effect.

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Process analysis should not be confused with cause and effect although they are similar

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Two types of causes remote and immediate. Remote cause is an underlying more basic reason for the event. An immediate cause is an event right after the other.

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Be aware of coincidences with causes, do not assume just because A happened before B that A caused B

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Ask why and what followed as a result

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if there are major and minor causes, then emphasize the major and only briefly mention the minor.

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5 Questions for Finding Causes: *What act am I trying to explain? (ACT) *What is the character, personality or mental state of whoever acted? (ACTOR) *In what scene or location did the act take place, and in what circumstances? (SCENE) *What instruments or means did the person use? (AGENCY) *For what purpose did the person act? (PURPOSE)

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Think "why?" and "what followed as a result?"

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"Another error is to oversimplify causes by failing to recognize their full number and complexity-- claiming, say, that violent crime is simply a result of "all those gangster shows on TV"."

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When referring to Cause and Effect, refer to the pentad: the act, the actor, the scene, the agency, and the purpose.

(Very similar to SOAPSTone)

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When looking at a casual chain, be careful of post hoc fallacies- A

happened before B, A must have caused B. Don't oversimplify causes

and avoid wrong turns.

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In a cause and effect piece of writing, try to answer these questions: "Why did something happen?", "What were the consequences?", and "What might be the consequences?"

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"To figure out reasons and results is to use the method of cause and effect."

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Identify your purpose before beginning a cause and effect essay

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some questions to ask are

"why something happened"

"what followed in result"

"what if"

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Don't confuse Cause and Effect (The Why) with the method of Process Analysis (The How.)

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Find out why something happened to explain its cause.

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Do not confuse coincidence (correlation) with cause. For example, a man is fired after a black cat walks by. This is a coincidence, not the cause of him losing his job.