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Obesity: a disorder of being excessively overweight. Increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, diabetes, etc.

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Anorexia Nervosa: a condition where a person of normal weight continuously loses weight, but still feels as if he/she is overweight

Bulimia Nervosa: a disorder where a person "binges" by overeating high-calorie foods, then "purges" by vomiting, using laxatives, fasting, or rigorously exercising

Reasons for Eating Disorders

Sexual Abuse: Childhood sexual abuse does not cause eating disorders (?)

Family: Eating disorders may develop in families where weight is an excessive concern

Genetics: Eating disorders more likely to occur in identical rather than fraternal twins

The desire to excessively lose weight is often caused by socio-culturally learned taste preferences

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Maslow's Hierarchy of Need's explains all of human motivation by listing everything that a person could ever be motivated by in order from greatest importance to least

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Environmental Factors:

Availability of rich foods: People tend to gain weight when rich foods are plentiful.

Preferences: Some taste preferences appear to be innate, such as the preference for fatty foods. However, people acquire most taste preferences through conditioning or observational learning. People tend to prefer familiar foods. These preferences have an influence on hunger and food intake.

Habits: People learn habits, such as when and how much they eat. These habits also influence hunger and food intake.

Memory: The memory of what people last ate and when they ate it influences hunger.

Stress: The increased physiological arousal associated with stressful situations can stimulate hunger in some people. In other people, stress decreases hunger.

Cultural attitudes: Cultural attitudes about ideal body size and shape have a strong influence on what and how much people eat

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Need: States of deprivation that emerge within the body.

Drive: A drive, such as hunger or thirst, motivates the organism to act in ways that
will reduce the tension. When you become hungry, you are motivated to eat.

Incentive: Our behaviors are driven by a desire for external rewards Ex: Getting an A on an exam may be an incentive that pulls a student toward studying.

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Lateral hypothalamus: involved in recognizing.

Ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus:  involved in recognizing satiety or fullness.

Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus: also involved in hunger regulation

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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs