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Before this region was labeled, it had some of the oldest sites of human habitation in Europe. The evidence dates back to around 1 million years BC, with settlements happening around 6000 BC and 2500 BC.

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This region nearly coexists with the historic French province of Provence. Before the Roman conquest, Provence had been occupied by a variety of groups such as Ligures, Celts, and Greeks. In 600 BC, the Greeks established Massalia, which is Modern-day Marseille, and it became a major marine trade center.

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In the 1st century BC, the Romans conquered the region, in whose name, Provincia Romana, evolved to its current name. The Roman influence left behind a legacy through the theaters and amphitheaters in Arles and Orange. The Roman Empire began to collapse because of the excessive territorial expansion, and this ended up to a sequence of Barbarian invasions in 275 AD.

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Après Les Romains (Semi-Independent State)

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Après Les Romains (Semi-Independent State)

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From 879 AD to 1481 AD, Provence was a semi-independent state ruled by the Courts of Provence. The Courts of Provence were people who ruled the County of Provence. In 1246, the County of Provence passed it onto the House of Anjou. However, the King of Anjou died and his nephew gained his territories which included Provence. In 1481 AD, Provence was transferred to the king of France, Louis XI, and later it joined the French royal domain.

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In 1860 AD, the county of Nice became a part of France, which enlarged the territory. In 1982, the region was created by combining nearby territories. This included the previous Comtat Venaissin around Avignon, the Principality of Orange, the eastern part of Dauphé, and the county of Nice. The county of Nice is known as the French Riviera or Côte d’Azur.