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Advantages

♻️ Efficient use of wood resources – reduces waste compared to solid timber

💰 Cost-effective – cheaper than solid wood

📐 High dimensional stability – less likely to warp, crack, or shrink

🪑 Versatile material – suitable for cabinets, tables, shelves, and modular furniture

🔧 Easy to work with – can be cut, drilled, and assembled easily

Challenges

🌫️ Adhesive concerns – some plywood may contain formaldehyde-based glue

💧 Moisture sensitivity – can swell if not using moisture-resistant grade

🎨 Edge finishing required – exposed layers need edge banding or covering

🧴 Surface finishing needed – often requires veneer, laminate, or paint for better appearance

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Pros:

Renewable – made from natural rubber (plant-based)

More eco-friendly than petroleum adhesives

Good bonding – sticks well to wood, fabric, etc.

Flexible – good for cushioning and non-rigid parts

Locally available (especially in Malaysia/SE Asia)

Cons

Not very strong – not suitable for heavy structural joints

Water sensitive – can weaken with moisture

Heat sensitive – not good for high temperatures

Still processed – not 100% natural

Can be costly and less widely used

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Advantanges

Infinite Life Cycle

Massive Energy Savings

Extreme Durability

Low Maintenance

Disadvantages

Cold Aesthetic

Heat Sensitivity

Rust Potential

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Advantages:

1. Very fast-growing crop

– matures in about 3–4 months

2. Low environmental impact

– needs little water and fewer pesticides

3. Strong natural fiber

– can be used to reinforce composite furniture

4. Biodegradable

– breaks down naturally, reducing waste

5. Versatile material

– can be woven into fabric or pressed into boards

Challenges:

1. Processing required

– raw hemp must be refined before use in furniture

2. Higher production cost

– not as cheap as synthetic materials yet

3. Limited large-scale manufacturing

– still developing in many countries

4. Texture limitations

– may not be as smooth or refined as synthetic upholstery

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Advantages: * Low Waste: It is an "upcycled" timber that would otherwise be burned.

• Workability: It has excellent machining properties, holds screws well, and takes stains consistently.

• Minimal Shrinkage: Once properly seasoned, it is very stable for interior joinery.

• Challenges: * Perishability: High starch content makes it a magnet for fungi (blue stain) and borers; immediate chemical treatment is required.

• Moisture Sensitivity: It is not naturally weather-resistant and is prone to warping if not strictly kiln-dried.

• Best For: Console tables, dining sets, and shelving units.

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Advantages:

Made from corn or sugarcane

Lower carbon emissions than petroleum plastic

Can be molded into furniture parts

Challenges:

Heat-sensitive

Not always fully compostable in natural conditions

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ADVANTAGES

1. Prevents deforestation

2. Gives unique character/history

3. Uses timber that would otherwise go to landfill.

CHALLENGES

1. Inconsistent supply

2.Difficult to source high-quality pieces

3.May contain hidden nails or toxic old finishes.

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Advantages of Mycelium Material

• Eco-friendly

• Biodegradable

• Lightweight

• Renewable resource

• Low energy production

• Unique appearance

• Reduces waste

Challenges of Mycelium Material

• Limited durability

• Sensitive to moisture

• Lower strength than wood/metal

• Higher production cost

• Limited market awareness

• Requires special processing

• Not suitable for heavy furniture

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ADVANTAGES

-reduce waste and maximise material usage

- support circular economy

-save cost

CHALLENGES

-not uniform size

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Jute is an alternative to synthetic fibers.

Primarily used in furniture for webbing support, woven seating (chairs), lampshades, storage solutions, and as upholstery fabric.

Challenges :

Moisture Sensitivity: Jute is highly susceptible to moisture damage. It can weaken and decompose if it becomes damp.

Coarse Texture: Its rough, fibrous texture may not be comfortable for direct skin contact.

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Cork tree

Renewability: High (harvested without cutting trees)

Low embodied energy: Very low

Non-toxicity: Naturally non-toxic

End of life: Biodegradable and recyclable

Used for surfaces, stools, and lightweight components.

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recycle plastic ( High-Density Polyethylene and Polyethylene Terephthalate)

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Renewability: Not renewable, but diverts waste

Low embodied energy: Lower than producing new plastic

Non-toxicity: Safe if properly processed (food-grade plastics preferred)

End of life: Recyclable again

👉 Good for: lightweight chairs, modular pieces

disadvantage: weaker, less rigid, or more brittle compared to virgin plastic

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Pros:

Natural & renewable

Ringan

Sesuai iklim tropika

Cons:

Kurang kuat untuk beban berat

Mudah rosak jika tidak dirawat

Perlu penjagaan rapi

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Bamboo

Advantages of Bamboo Furniture

Exceptional Sustainability

Superior Strength

Eco-Friendly Growth

Lightweight & Versatile

Naturally Antimicrobial

Challenges and Limitations

Moisture and Humidity Sensitivity

Chemical-Intensive Processing

Susceptibility to Pests

Sustainability vs. Transportation (distance)

Vulnerability to Scratches