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about 11 ships and about 1,400 people who established the first European settlements in Sydney.

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Convicts were a source of labour to build roads, bridges, courthouses, hospitals and other public buildings, or to work on government farms, while educated convicts may have been given jobs such as record-keeping for the government administration. Female convicts, on the other hand, were generally employed as domestic ...

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Free settlers were usually seagoing men who remained in Australia at the end of their contracts. The few who did make the long and difficult journey to Australia were given free land by the British government. They also received free farming tools and convict labor.

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A 2,400 ounce gold nugget was found in the small town of Moliagul in 1869. ...,The main recreations for miners at the goldfields were drinking, gambling and dancing. ...and

Within 10 years of the first Australian gold rush, the population of the country doubled.

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Caroline Chisholm is believed to be the inspiration for Charles Dickens' character Mrs Jellyby in Bleak House - as a character who neglects her own family in pursuit of humanitarian efforts, it's not the most sympathetic portrait!

There are a number of schools named after her.

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They worked over fields thoroughly and some kept mining for many years. Source: Otago region — Gold and development, Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Left to right: Chau Leung Tai, Juell Shing Wai, Chau Soong Tai. They are hydraulic sluicing in 1901.

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Gold was first discovered in Japan in 749 in a placer deposit known as Tamayama located in today's Iwate prefecture. The gold extracted there was later used to construct the famous gold-plated Buddha statue at the Todai-ji Temple in Nara.