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Martin Luther was a German Monk who began the protestant reformation.

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Nailed the 95 theses (arguments) he had against his church for their corrupted religious teachings hoping to not destroy, but fix the church.

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After being excommunicated by the catholic church, Martin went into hiding. During his time hiding, he founded the first protestant church, Lutheran Church and translated the bible to German which was the vernacular language.

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The reformation grew conflict across Europe. The Holy Roman Empire was split between the Catholic and protestant religions. These conflicts intertwined with political struggles as rulers took advantage of the religious differences to benefit their own agendas which started the Thirty Years War from 1618-1648.

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The peace of Augsburg was one of the outcomes that came out the reformation which allowed German princes to choose the religion of their state.

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Henry VIII's desire for a divorce with his wife which the catholic church turned down on, influenced Henry to break away from Rome and established the Catholic church of England with himself as the supreme head and Pope. This increased the power of monarchy and caused internal conflicts with religions and churches.

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New religious teachings such as salvation through faith and that the bible was to be read by everyone. Faith was earned through God and that all men are equal under God and faith can not be bought.

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Led to the western and catholic churches splitting which led to more religious conflicts starting the Thirty Years War and persecution across Europe.

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western and catholic church split during reformation

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It led to the growth of protestant churches such as Lutheranism, Calvinism, because of corrupted churches all leading different teaching and practices from a former unified Christian and catholic world.

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Led to changing cultural traditions, philosophies as people moved away from catholic churches.

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Led to monarchs and states began to have more power.

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Corrupted church practices called Usury and led to church officials to be richer through paid indulgences.

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John Calvin was a French priest and lawyer which had a big influence on the institutes on the Christian religion.

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John Calvin's beliefs included salvation was gained through faith, bible is the only source of religious truth, God decides whether an individual has gained eternal life and it isn't bought.

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John Calvin established his first community in Geneva Switzerland. His ideas were an expansion of the protestant reformation which started with Martin Luther,

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John Calvin's beliefs included salvation was gained through faith, bible is the only source of religious truth, Gpd deiceds whether an individual has gained eternal life and it isnt bought.