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According to this article, there were many advancements for schools in the 1920s. This article describes how the progressive education movement continued. Teachers were now presenting information in many different ways instead of just one. Also, vocational programs were now starting to become a thing in high schools.

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Following a trend towards progressive education which began earlier in the twentieth century, reforms continued in school curricula, teacher training, and styles of instruction during the 1920s. In accordance with the progressive education movement (which focused on educating the whole person instead of enforcing the memorization of key facts), educators conducted laboratory studies, tracked educational statistics, and published the results of their findings. The resulting body of work described the habits and performance of the American student. These studies were analyzed and used to enact further reforms in educational psychology and philosophy.

Meanwhile, with the return of American troops at the end of World War I in 1918, many new babies were born. That population increase led to larger elementary school enrollments in the 1920s. The number of students enrolled in secondary schools and institutions of higher learning also rose dramatically. All this expansion caused a building boom in public school districts. Adding to the increased enrollments in secondary schools was the nation's added awareness of the role that public education played in helping young adults find suitable jobs. Throughout the decade, more vocational programs were set up in public schools. Those programs drew support from businesses and corporations willing to sponsor potential workers of the near future. At the same time, a huge population of immigrants had settled in the United States. The need to educate those new Americans in language, literacy, customs, and citizenship sparked a nationally organized movement to establish evening classes in many schools.

As more Americans acquired secondary education, a good number decided to continue learning in degree programs at colleges and universities. Educators made strides to enact reforms on campuses to create curricula of academic interest and practical use to the many Americans who were entering business, agriculture, or service careers such as teaching. Colleges and universities were being expanded and reorganized to meet the needs of modern society in the 1920s. Among the programs to be rethought and expanded were sports and athletics. In the 1920s, higher learning extended to the playing fields, where football, baseball, swimming, and golf became popular team sports. Since the economy was prospering, many families now had the assets to send the younger generation to college. Furthermore, once a student graduated, a variety of suitable jobs were available, making the choice to pursue higher education an economically sound decision.

Public school systems were supported mainly through state and local taxes. That situation resulted in inequality among school districts. Those who lived and went to school in upscale cities and wealthy suburbs had more books, better buildings and equipment, and teachers who were higher paid and often better trained. Those pupils in poor rural areas had to make do with what little their school districts could put together. Standardization in schools through federal bureaucracy and government legislation was still in its infancy.

Lingering fears from World War I also had their effect on American education. Following the "Red Scare" of 1919 and 1920, some Americans feared communist infiltration of the school systems. In certain public schools and on college and university campuses, the administration required teachers to sign oaths stating that they were loyal Americans and not communists. At institutions of higher learning, professors with unconventional ideas sometimes were distrusted to the point of being dismissed. As the decade progressed, however, these demands for compliance were deemed unconstitutional. As these restraints were reversed, school administrators still concerned themselves with arguments surrounding free speech and academic freedoms. One of the most fiery debates of the decade centered on the instruction of the theory of evolution in schools. This controversy affected the school curricula in a number of states, and resulted in one of the most highly publicized trials of the early twentieth century: the Scopes Monkey Trial of 1925.

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the 1920s education: overviewfollowing a trend towards progressive education which began earlier in the twentieth century

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and styles of instruction during the 1920s.

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The 1920s Education: OverviewFollowing a trend towards progressive education which began earlier in the twentieth century, reforms continued in school curricula, teacher training, and styles of instruction during the 1920s. Source for information on The 1920s Education: Overview: U*X*L American Decades dictionary.

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The 1920s saw mass media growing to new heights. A lot more people started to become more interested in reading and getting news. Newspaper circulation rose, and big national chains took in a lot of local papers which gave more people access to them. Mass-circulation magazines were also flourishing during the 1920s. These magazines summarized the week's news. (Info taken from the document linked above)

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Radio was the most powerful communications medium to rise in the 1920s. Radio networks created something the United States had never seen before, a shared national experience of hearing news as it happened. Today in the 2020s, many Americans still use the radio as it is present in every car that we drive. In the 1920s and the 2020s, the radio is a prevalent part of people's lives, as we are able to use it to listen to a show, listen to music, and get news. (Info taken from the document linked above)

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During the 1920s, people had more money and more time to enjoy themselves. In 1929 alone, Americans spent $4.5 billion dollars on entertainment, a lot more than previous years. Americans engaged in new leisure pass times, including crossword puzzles, a Chinese game called mahjong, people turned to flag pole sitting and dance marathons. People also flooded stadiums to see popular sports stars of the time. This is similar to the 2020s, because a lot of people still like watching famous sports players and playing many different board games. (Info taken from the document linked above)

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According to this article by Jim Sumner, the 1920s were regarded as "The Golden Age of Sports" for many reasons. The article states that sports started to become very popular because the United States had a bigger economy than ever before which led to new stadiums and gymnasiums being built. People also had more leisure time during this period, which led to an increased interest in things like sports. The article also says that the most popular sports of this time were Baseball, College Football, and Boxing. A couple of the most famous athletes rose to prominence during this time, including Babe Ruth and Jack Dempsey. Overall, the effects of this period stayed through the rest of US history because sports became a staple of American life.

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Sports in the 1920s (from Tar Heel Junior Historian) | NCpedia

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By Jim Sumner
Reprinted with permission from the Tar Heel Junior Historian. Spring 2004.
Tar Heel Junior Historian Association, NC Museum of History

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This article by Lilah Ramzi outlines the key changes in women's fashion in the United States during the 1920s. The tomboy look was popular during this time. Women started normalizing the bob haircut. Skirt hemlines rose, women were now showing their shins when wearing skirts. Most importantly, this decade saw the popularization of the flapper style. A new style hat called Coche became popular among women. There were many different changes in women's fashion during this time that led them to become more free with themselves and break away from the normal standard of fashion.

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How did 1920s fashion help to make the Roaring Twenties roar? Bernice had bobbed her hair; French tennis star Suzanne Lenglen was fueling the sportif craze; the taste for all things Art Deco carried over into fashion; and Chanel had slipped women into something more comfortable-the Little Black Dress. The LBD was deemed such a closet mainstay that Vogue drew a comparison to Ford's revolutionary Model T of 1908. In an article in our October 1, 1926 issue entitled "The Debut of the Winter Mode," Vogue captioned a sketch of a black, long-sleeved frock that fell just below the knees: "The Chanel 'Ford'-the frock that the world will wear is model 817 of black crepe de chine."

On our covers, we celebrated the decade with illustrations from the likes of Georges Lepape, Benito, and William Bolin. A harmony of linear elements that appear plucked from the sketches of the forthcoming Chrysler Building, these illustrations helped feed the Art Deco frenzy. Fashion-wise, women were dressed in cloche hats, tubular silhouettes with drop waists, and handkerchief hemlines boldly skimming shins-which were on show for the very first time.

A breakdown of all these 1920s fashion trends and more, below.

Women's Trends of the 1920s

The Tomboy Look

While the archetypical woman of the 1920s wasn't yet ready for a full-on menswear-inspired moment (that would take a few decades-about five, for Saint Laurent's Le Smoking), she was here for the "La Garçonne" look-which was boyish, not manish. A play on words with the feminine article for the French "man" La Garçonne-style aimed to unsculpt the female body, with silhouettes that draped over her curves-no pinching or hugging. The look also called for a shorter hemline, which had previously been permissible only for young girls who could not yet embrace their femininity via fashion.

The house of Premet championed this aesthetic. In a February 1924 feature entitled "Interview with Couturiers," Premet's Charlotte Révyl remarked on the gendered balancing act of the La Garçonne look: "Nowadays, with cut hair, tiny hats pulled down over the eyes, bateau necks or other little collars, long sleeves, and boyish figures, we have absolutely nothing feminine left, unless we see the pretty slender ankles."

The Bob

Even before F. Scott Fitzgerald cemented the bob as the 'do of the decade in his much-read short story "Bernice Bobs Her Hair," published in May 1920 in The Saturday Evening Post, the bold were test-driving the cutting-edge look. In 1915, dancer Irene Castle, who purportedly cut her hair for ease following a surgery, kept her ear-length hair in place on a headband across her forehead; it was such a distinctive look that it came to be known as the "Castle band." Other memorable bobs belong to the vampy silent film star Louise Brookes, whose angular jet-black bob stole hearts in 1928's Howard Hawks film A Girl in Every Port, and Josephine Baker, who slicked hers down with sculpted locks into Kiss curls.

The look wasn't just for vixens of the screen and stage; it was a well-adopted style that went mainstream. By February of 1926, Vogue reported: "In a week of nights spent at smart restaurants in Paris or New York, one might never see a single distinguished head in the Lady Godiva tradition. The bob rules."

Skirt Hemlines Rose

Nary a knee was on show during this era (it's a common misconception that flappers wore dresses above the knee) though the daring flapper might have flashed them whilst seated! Hemline historians cite 1926 as the peak of this trend, with dresses and skirt hemlines rising; at first, skimming the ankles, then up the mid-shin, then just below the knee. All the while, flesh-colored stockings sheathed the leg.

Flapper Style

What Was a Flapper, Anyway?

Think of the descriptor of flapper as being synonymous with trendy. The flapper look was the prevailing trend, and flappers were those girls who dressed the part. But it's a term with a bit of a backstory-some thought the term referred to youths who opted to unbuckle their galoshes, letting them flap with each step. Others trace flapper back to a Victorian term used to describe (clutch your pearls!) young prostitutes. It took some consideration to rebrand flapper. In 1917 Vogue titled an article "The Term 'Flapper' Carries No Stigma." By 1920, Frances Marion released the film The Flapper, starring Olive Thomas and the rest was history. Every girl wanted to be a flapper.

The Cloche

The fashionable lady of the 1920s wouldn't step outside without her hat. Come nightfall, however, she'd leave it behind. Following the craze for oversized pancake hats in the 1900s, the 10s and 20s saw a gradual shrinking of ladies' hats into the coche style. Popularized by milliner Caroline Reboux in 1908, the hat style gets its name after the French word for "bell." It was also the perfect pairing for the bob-a helmet-like hat for a helmet-like haircut.

The Little Black Dress

Slick and sumptuously understated, Chanel's 1926 little black dress in a crepe de chine was entirely modern. The look embraced black as a fashion color after a long and sorrowful history as the hue to mourn in. Plus, the LBD's unfussiness was a striking departure from previous modes. Fabric-wise, the silhouette Chanel put forth could be constructed in a variety of textiles, encouraging a democratization of couture look as it was very re-creatable. The look was such a mainstay; the little black dress was appropriate for day and eveningwear; jersey by day, chiffon by night-chic all day long!

The Robe de Style

Lesser celebrated, though no less prevalent, was another novel silhouette of the era dubbed the Robe de Style. In sync with the era, this silhouette showcased a bit of leg, but unlike the tubular look, there was a bit of body. The dress typically featured a gathered and expansive skirt but with zero waist on show. It reads as diaphanous, floaty, and highly feminine. French couturier Jeanne Lanvin is most associated with the Robe de Style, but she was one of many designers who offered a girlish alternative to the boyish La Garçonne look. In a 1923 feature on French actress and fashion darling Regina Camier, Vogue cites how "Aided and abetted by Lanvin...Camier made many converts to the Robe de Style."

Top Designers of the Era

Gabrielle Chanel, Elsa Schiaparelli, Jeanne Lanvin, Callot Soeurs, Jean Patou, Madeleine Vionnet, Madame Chéruit, Paul Poiret, Norman Hartnell, Sonia Delaunay, Jane Regny, Jeanne Paquin, and Premet.

Men's Trends of the 1920s

If, during this decade, Paris gave the final word in womenswear, London set the tone for men-particularly a certain gentleman by the name of Edward VIII, then Prince of Wales. Suits went down from three to two pieces, and pinstripes were a popular choice, as were tweeds and flannels; anything that evoked Savile Row tailoring and English country living, as epitomized by the Prince. Two pant trends uphold this tweedy aesthetic: the Oxford Bags (a wide-leg pant said to be inspired by those worn by rowers at Oxford) and the plus-fours (worn for golf). On their heads? A Magritte-style bowler hat.

In the Culture

The Harlem Renaissance lit up the world and gave it something to listen to, with jazz musicians and bandleaders like Duke Ellington setting the soundtrack for the decade. A 1923 Broadway show, "Runnin' Wild," gave the world the jazzy dance 'The Charleston,' and over in Paris, at the Folies Bergère, Josephine Baker was holding court. Speaking of courts, in the world of tennis, French sensation Suzanne Lenglen teamed up with couturier Lucien Lelong to serve some major fashion looks that carried over into ready-to-wear.

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A 1920s Fashion History Lesson: Flappers, the Bob, and More Trends That Made the Roaring Twenties Roar

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Vogue unpacks 1920s fashion, from the decade's prevailing trends to the era's top designers.

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How did changes in 1920s "Pop culture" affect American society and vice versa?

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How did changes in 1920s "Pop culture" affect American society and vice versa?

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Changes in 1920s Pop culture affected American society in many ways. Firstly, there were many changes in women's fashion, and these changes led to them breaking away from the norm of women's fashion and becoming more free with themselves. Secondly, there were many more people now attending high school during this time, teachers started coming up with better methods of teaching, and vocational programs were becoming a thing in high schools. Lastly, the radio was the biggest advancement in technology of this time. The radio made it so people now had access to news and entertainment at a national level. People from all around the country could tune in to the same radio program.