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What is it? " The broad ability to recognize and manipulate the spoken parts of language including words, syllables, and rhymes."

Why is it important? it is a key component in learning more difficult words and why and how different sounds and what they can make to come together.

How is it taught?

Resources:

Phonological Awareness

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What is it? "Converging evidence of what matters and what works in literacy instruction, organized around models that describe how and why.

Why is it important? It is the the scientific process and reasoing for effective reading and the learning process of reading.

Resources:

Science of Reading

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5 Pillars of Reading

Phonemics awareness

phonics

fluency

vocabulary

comprehension

What is it?

"a set of key components that form the foundations of effective reading instruction"

Why is it important? Every aspect of reading falls into a component of the five pillars. They build on each other and together for the tools and components needed to learn to read.

Resources:

5 Pillars of Reading

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What is it? "Created by Dr. Hollis Scarborough it is a visual model created to illistrate the complex interconnected skills needed for proficient reading."

Why is it important? It shows the psychological components in a visual manner to explain how we read.

Resources:

Reading Rope

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What is it? The connection between sounds and letters or groups of letters

Why is it important? having an understanding of phonics is the base and building blocks for reading writing and spelling.

Resources

Text book and articles add resource links

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Spelling Stages:

·         Precommunicative stage- Children use letters from the alphabet but show no knowledge of letter sound correspondences. children likely don't know the entire alphabet.

·         Semiphonetic staged- Children start to understand letter sound correspondence. Letter sounds and assignment of these start now.

·         Phonetic stage- Children can use a letter or group of letters to represent speech sound that they hear.

·         Transitional stage- Spellers begin to assimilate the conventional alternative for representing sounds.

·       Correct stage- spellers know common letter sound relationships and generalization for spelling. morphemic information in spelling. students stat to understand how to spell most common prefixes, and suffixes.

Spelling Rules: when used with phonograms can explain most of the english language. These are almost always true when spelling but there is almost always exceptions however.

Resources:

Spelling Stages

Spelling Rules

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What is it? The process of storing a word permanently in memory for instant retrieval is called

Why is it important? Research suggests that we scan every single letter of every word we read. Our brains use what we know about  letter-sound relationships plus our awareness of speech sounds to map letter patterns and words together as units. These units are stored in long-term memory.

Resources:

Orthographic Mappin

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What is it? "reading comprehension depends on two essential skills, decoding or word recognition and language comprehension. "

word recognition X language comprehension = reading comprehension

Why is it important? It is the formula that explains how reading is learned and processed.

Resources:

Simple View of Reading

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What is it? "The ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual sounds in spoke words."

Why is it important? it is a basic need to reading and a building block to learning to read.

How is it taught? it can be taught through identifying, blending, and segmenting sounds in words. it can also be done with rhyming activities.

Resources:

Phonemic Awareness

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what is it? Instructional strategies and procedures put in place to maximize learning of specific topics or subjects. When it comes to language this can be as simple as blending sounds and manipulating sounds in songs or having students play word games.

Why is it important? The strategies for instruction are key because having a plan and a structure that allows students to build on what they know and how they learn is how all subject matter should be approached.

resources- Text book

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what is it? There are many different forms of assessment and each has its own set of Pros and Cons. The goal of each is to measure students progress and figure out what the needs of your students.

why is it important?

Assessment is the key to understanding our students and what they know. It also allows us to see how they learn and to structure our lessons to better meet the learning needs of our students.

resources- Dr. Goodwins Pedagogy book and the text for this class will add links

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What is it?

reading material carefully controlled to use only phonetic elements that a beginning reader has already been taught.

Why is it important? Building a strong base and practicing those elements allows students to create a level of comfort with the tools to build on and explore potential new combinations and create new words and sounds.

Resources- text book will add link

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What is it? Fluency is the ability to read text accurately, quickly, and with appropriate expression.

Why is it important? Fluency is the connection between recognizing the words and their meaning.

How is it taught?

repetition, and a strong foundation.

Heart Words- What are they?

a common word that has an irregular spelling that needs to be learned and known by heart. This is shown by finding the irregular part of the word and putting a heart around it.

Sight Words- What are they?

they are words that you can recognize instantly.

High Frequency Words- What are they?

Words that appear most in both spoken and written language. Some examples are "the" "is" "and"

Resources:

Fl uency

heart words

sight words

high frequency words

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Writing Rope

What is it? It is a model that shows the 5 critical strands that contribute to strong writing.

Why is it important? It builds the foundation for strong writing by combining critical thinking, syntax, text structure, writing craft, and transcription.

Resources:

Writing Rope

Connections Between Reading and Writing:

They both describe the intertwined skills that make up successful readers and writer. Most of them play into each other and utilize similar components.

Instructional Strategies for Writing: emphasize the process, repetition, allow for a creative environment. provide support.

Assessments for Writing: create an assessment that allows to track growth and potential concerns. Utilize the assessment to structure future lessons

Resources:

Connecting the Reading and the Writing Rope

Writing Strategies

Assessments for Writing

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What is it?

a learning disability that is neurobiological. it has to do with deficits in processing phonological ordering.

Why is it important? Knowing that a child struggles with this and providing resources early and often is important.

Caregiver Information on Dyslexia: are any people who are able to directly support a student with their disability.

Resources:

Dyslexia

What is Dyslexia?

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What is it? research based reading instruction method that emphasizes systematic explicit teaching of language.

Why is it important? It allows to follow the science of reading and provide lessons and instruction that are proven effective.

Resources:

Structured Literacy

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What is it? it is the ability to understand and comprehend and analyze media in its many forms.

Why is it important? media is the majority of language use today it is the primary form of communication.

Resources:

Media Literacy

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Readworks is a fantastic resource that provides links to reading that covers different subjects and allows you to assign it by reading level with assessment to follow.

AI Platform for School Districts | MagicSchool

appears to be a resource for teachers that allows assistance on presentations, lesson plans, feedback and much more. This has to potential to decrease burnout and overall workload for teacher. The big downfall is how detrimental AI is on the environment.

Colleague AI | AI-Powered Education Platform for K-12 Teaching & Learning

This appears to be a similar resource for teachers as Magic school. There is the same benefits and the same downfalls as all AI.

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ReadWorks | Award-Winning, EdTech Nonprofit Organization

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ReadWorks is an edtech nonprofit organization that is committed to helping to solve America’s reading comprehension crisis.

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tier 1 words would be easy basic words used in everyday speech like run, and, are, is, happy. These words are used and should not take any special thought when used by students in daily conversation.

Tier 2 words would be high frequency words that are more advanced and may appear in books. some examples would be access, character, culture, intense. These words are essential in most reading material in books that are appropriate for elementary students and although may appear more difficult they are easily identified and spoken by students.

Tier 3 words are low-frequency words that do not appear in normal day to day conversation or reading. They usually are more specific to a certain subject. some examples would be quadrilaterals, ecosystem, protagonist, integer. These words will likely be unknown to students and be a struggle for them to pronounce and use in their daily conversation.

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Frayer Method- is an organizational tool that helps students learn and understand vocabulary words.

Word sort- I found this resource to be extremely helpful -- Best Practices: Vocabulary Strategies (Word Sort)

-What I have found with my own children is given them words in context through reading. allowing them to find words in a text that interests them and then using the context of the text to help figure it out and even use the word to help them better understand the subject matter.

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Discrete–Embedded

At the discrete end of the continuum, we have vocabulary treated as a separate subtest or isolated set of words distinct from each word’s role within a larger construct of comprehension, composition, or conceptual application. Alternatively, a purely embedded measure would look at how students operationalize vocabulary in a holistic context and a vocabulary scale might be one measure of the larger construct.

Vocabulary Recognition Task

The Vocabulary Recognition Task (VRT) is a teacher-constructed yes-no task used to estimate vocabulary recognition in a content area (Stahl, 2008). Like the VKS, it combines self-report with demonstrated knowledge. Stahl applied the VRT with second graders reading at a mid-first-grade level. The purpose was to identify content-related words that the students could both read and associate with a unit of study.

In the study, each VRT consisted of a list of 25 words; 18 of the words were related to the content in each of four themed science units and 7 words were unrelated foils. See Figure 3 for a sample VRT comprised of vocabulary associated with the insect unit. Students circled the words that they were able to read and that were related to the topic. As a posttest, students completed the VRT and categorized the selected words under provided headings on a concept web (see Figure 4).

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Fantasy

Poetry

Realistic Fiction

Historical Fiction

Nonfiction

Folktales

Biography

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There is a vast world of fantasy text. This Genre allows for a creative mind to run wild. Fantasy text allows readers to experience a world created by someone else. As a writer it allows you to create a world with no rules and very little limitations. The link provided breaks down the Fantasy genre into sub genres.

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Poetry is another genre that requires creativity and has a vast body of sub genres.

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Whereas a "form" defines the way a poem arranges sounds, rhythms, or its appearance on the page, "genre" is something like the poem's style. Many poetic genres have a long history, and new poems almost always seek to explore a new aspect of the traditional style and thus to redefine the genre in some way. The following list is a selection of the major genres of poetry.

Some definitions of genre:

Links to pages that arrange poems by genre:
Note: most definitions of an individual genre will identify famous examples.

pastoral

Originally a poem that depicted an idealized singing competition between shepherds, "pastoral" has come to denote almost anything to do with a rural setting, although it also refers to several specific categories of the genre. Associated genres of varying synonymity are idyll, bucolic, eclogue, and georgic.

tragedy

This genre originated in ancient Greek verse drama and received extended treatment in Aristotle's Poetics, which made the downfall of the main character one of the criteria for tragedy. The genre has since expanded to include almost anything pertaining to a downfall.

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Whereas a "form" defines the way a poem arranges sounds, rhythms, or its appearance on the page, "genre" is something like the poem's style. Many poetic genres have a long history, and new poems almost always seek to explore a new aspect of the traditional style and thus to redefine the genre in some way.

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Realistic fiction | Literature and Writing | Research Starters | EBSCO Research

"Realistic fiction is a genre of literature that tells stories that could plausibly happen in real life, featuring believable characters, relatable settings, and plausible events without magical or supernatural elements."

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Realistic fiction | Literature and Writing | Research Starters | EBSCO Research

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Realistic fiction is a genre of storytelling that presents narratives grounded in plausible events and relatable characters, lacking elements of fantasy, science fiction, or the supernatural. While these stories are not necessarily based on true events, they could occur in the real world, making them accessible and identifiable to readers. Typically, realistic fiction zeroes in on the personal growth of individuals or small groups rather than grand, world-altering conflicts. This genre encompasses various forms, including novels, short stories, television shows, movies, and graphic novels.

Realistic fiction often intersects with other genres, such as contemporary and historical fiction, leading to various interpretations and classifications. Common themes explored within this genre include character development and relatable human experiences, often exemplified in coming-of-age stories or bildungsromans. Though it can feature in children's literature, realistic fiction appeals to a broad audience and is frequently used in educational settings to explore significant themes and character arcs. While it thrives in written forms, its representation in visual media and interactive formats like video games is less common, often emphasizing dramatic storytelling over subtle character exploration.

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Historical fiction is a genre similar to fantasy in that it is the authors discretion as to how the story plays out and what the content of the story is. Where it differs is that it has to be based in things that are scientifically and realistically possible based on the current state of the world.

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Watch videos instantly on Bing—enjoy direct playback, discover related clips, and dive into trending content all in one place.

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"Non-fiction (or nonfiction) is any document or media content that attempts, in good faith, to convey information only about the real world, rather than being grounded in imagination.[1] Non-fiction typically aims to present topics objectively based on historical, scientific, and empirical information. However, some non-fiction ranges into more subjective territory, including sincerely held opinions on real-world topics.[2] "

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Intelligent search from Bing makes it easier to quickly find what you're looking for and rewards you.

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What Are Folktales?

Folktales are stories that have been passed down orally over many years, from generation to generation. They are meant to be fun and exciting!

This may sound very similar to fairy tales, because it is. A fairy tale is a type of folktale, a sub-genre.

Folktales – Types of Texts | Elementary | Alloprof

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Watch videos instantly on Bing—enjoy direct playback, discover related clips, and dive into trending content all in one place.

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A biography is a text that is written to describe or tell a story about a person.

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Watch videos instantly on Bing—enjoy direct playback, discover related clips, and dive into trending content all in one place.

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Leveling text is the process of altering a text so that it can be more easily consumed by readers at different levels while also still providing the content and context of the original text.

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This is something that I feel is an art. knowing your students and what the are capable of comprehending is something that can set your students up for success.

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"the whole system and structure of a language or of languages in general, usually taken as consisting of syntax and morphology (including inflections) and sometimes also phonology and semantics"

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Grammarly Docs | All-in-one AI Document Editor

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Draft, edit, and perfect your docs with our AI document editor. Improve grammar, style, and clarity at every stage.

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Peer feedback is a practice where feedback is given by one student to another. Peer feedback provides students opportunities to learn from each other. After students finish a writing assignment but before the assignment is handed in to the instructor for a grade, the students have to work together to check each other's work and give comments to the peer partner. Comments from peers are called as peer feedback. Peer feedback can be in the form of corrections, opinions, suggestions, or ideas to each other

a great resource I found for online peer review and other tools for the writing process.

Frontiers | Publisher of peer-reviewed articles in open access journals

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Frontiers | Publisher of peer-reviewed articles in open access journals

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Open access publisher of peer-reviewed scientific articles across the entire spectrum of academia. Research network for academics to stay up-to-date with the latest scientific publications, events, blogs and news.

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The 6+1 Traits of Writing provide a common vocabulary and structure for evaluating and improving student writing across all grade levels. Each trait focuses on a key aspect of quality writing

1. Ideas – The core message of the writing. Strong ideas are clear, focused, and supported with relevant details that go beyond the obvious. Writers should provide information that is important and engaging, helping readers visualize the content.

2. Organization – The structure of the writing. This includes a logical sequence, clear beginning, middle, and end, and effective transitions. Well-organized writing guides the reader through the content smoothly and maintains focus on the main idea.

3. Voice – The writer’s unique tone and personality. Voice reflects engagement with the topic and conveys emotion, attitude, and perspective, making the writing feel authentic and compelling.

4. Word Choice – The selection of precise, vivid, and appropriate words. Effective word choice enhances meaning, creates imagery, and strengthens the writer’s message.

5. Sentence Fluency – The rhythm and flow of sentences. Writing should include varied sentence structures, smooth transitions, and readability that allows the text to be easily understood and enjoyable to read.

Udemy

6. Conventions – Correct use of grammar, punctuation, spelling, capitalization, and paragraphing. Mastery of conventions ensures clarity and helps readers focus on the content rather than errors.

Scholastic

. Presentation – The physical appearance of the writing, including formatting, neatness, and overall visual appeal. Presentation supports readability and professionalism.

These traits are used together to guide instruction, assessment, and revision. Teachers can focus on each trait individually or collectively, helping students develop comprehensive writing skills. The model is adaptable across text types, including narrative, informative, and argumentative writing, and is effective from early grades through high school.

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Effective differentiation in language arts involves tailoring content, process, products, and learning environments to meet the diverse needs of students while promoting engagement and skill development.

here is a great resource

https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=5307ae75046f1a05243e17c76dc4534cf6e09158f5ae606c294a01b43d765b82JmltdHM9MTc3NzI0ODAwMA&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=4&fclid=2287ac29-a018-604c-27d3-b8f5a14e61cf&psq=differentiation+for+language+arts&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9ldmVyeXRoaW5nanVzdHNvLm9yZy9ibG9nL2hvdy10by1kaWZmZXJlbnRpYXRlLWVsYS1pbnN0cnVjdGlvbi1zYXZlLXRpbWU&ntb=1

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Jennifer Martinez, Marianna Monheim, Jeanine Schneider, and Jacqueline Ortiz

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How to Differentiate Without Extra Work - 5 Strategies That Work — everything just so

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Looking for easy ways to differentiate ELA instruction without spending hours planning? Discover five time-saving differentiation strategies to support student needs and maximize literacy growth in your classroom.