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Rhetorical Situations and Their Constituents

1.    Exigence—The Matter and Motivation of the Discourse

In your own words:

Miller and Masters wanted to create a short run egg price prediction model because existing prices were usually unreliable. They wanted to improve it to make it more representative of the whole market

Examples from text:

Their models look at past prices and market conditions to determine the current prices. They found that prices are based on very limited information.” One result has been criticism that current price quotes are formed from insufficient information”

a.    What is the discourse about?

It’s about making a model that predicts egg prices better. It discusses problems with the current pricing and suggests a method to improve predictions

b.    Why is the discourse needed?

Because egg prices at the time were often based on unreliable/incomplete information which did not reflect the entire market and there are many complaints about the current way egg prices are set

c.    What is the discourse trying to accomplish?

It tries to explain a model that predicts egg prices more accurately by looking at different factors, and the ultimate goal is just to make it more reliable for people

2.    Rhetor(s)—Those People, Real or Imagined, Responsible for the Discourse and Its Authorial Voice

In your own words:

Miller and Masters are both a professor and a director who know about agricultural economics and use that knowledge to study a model to predict the market

Examples from text:

“BILL R. MILLER is associate professor of agricultural

economics at the University of Georgia, Athens. GENE C.

MASTERS is executive director of United Egg Producers,

Atlanta, GeorGia”

3.    Audience—Those People, Real or Imagined, with Whom Rhetors Negotiate through Discourse to Achieve the Rhetorical Objectives

In your own words:

The audience are economists, mainly agricultural economics, and egg producers who need accurate price predictions for planning

Examples from text:

“Long before the close of fresh egg trading on

the Exchanges, egg producers began to organize

in an effort to increase marketing efficiency.“

4.    Constraints—Factors in the Situation’s Context That May Affect the Achievement of the Rhetorical Objectives

In your own words:

Subjective opinions can lead to mistakes in their predictions which makes it less reliable

Examples from text:

“Many egg producers felt that egg trading on

the Exchanges was used primarily for the pur-

pose of influencing egg price quotations.”

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Rhetorical Situations and Their Constituents

1.    Exigence—The Matter and Motivation of the Discourse

In your own words:

This study looks at factors that affect egg prices in turkey between 2010 and 2020, which is improtant for consumers and producers to understand the pricing especially since prices increased in recent years

Examples from text:

“This research contributes to a deeper understanding of how specific variables influence market prices and illuminates cause-and-effect relationships in price fluctuations.“

a.    What is the discourse about?

It’s about the different economic factors that affect egg prices in Turkey

b.    Why is the discourse needed?

It’s needed to help explain the reasons behind changes in egg prices, especially since it is from an international perspective. They can help producers make better choices since prices are changing

c.    What is the discourse trying to accomplish?

It is trying to provide in depth information on the egg pricing with a goal of helping people improve their strategies when selling eggs and also help inform people who buy the eggs

2.    Rhetor(s)—Those People, Real or Imagined, Responsible for the Discourse and Its Authorial Voice

In your own words: They are several professors/researchers in the Animal Health Economics and Management department at a University. They analyze the different factors affecting egg prices with data

Examples from text:

"M. B. Çevrimli1*, B. Mat1, M. Polat2, M. S. Arikan3, A. Cu. Akin4, M. A. Tekindal5 and A. Günlü1

1Department of Animal Health Economics and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkiye

2Department of Animal Health Economics and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kastamonu University., Turkiye

3Department of Animal Health Economics and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, Elazıg, Turkiye

4Department of Animal Health Economics and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkiye

5Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, Turkiye“

3.    Audience—Those People, Real or Imagined, with Whom Rhetors Negotiate through Discourse to Achieve the Rhetorical Objectives

In your own words:The audience includes agricultural economists, those who are interested in food pricing and market behavior in Turkey

Examples from text: It addresses the economic factors in the agricultural market such as the cost of feed which is appealing to this audience specifically

4.    Constraints—Factors in the Situation’s Context That May Affect the Achievement of the Rhetorical Objectives

In your own words:

They look at data that is from a specific time period that doesn’t cover the whole market. Also, there is limited information on the economy of Turkey which is different from the U.S. economy, which also influences the prices

Examples from text:

“Despite eggs being one of the most affordable animal food products, there are significant fluctuations in egg prices on an annual, monthly, and even daily basis (Ahmad et al., 2001; Yuhuan and Fu, 2018).”

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Article #4- Muhammad, Martinez, and Lawani

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Article #4- Muhammad, Martinez, and Lawani

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Rhetorical Situations and Their Constituents

1.    Exigence—The Matter and Motivation of the Discourse

In your own words:

The exigence is the rise of U.S. egg prices throughout 2022 and understanding the reasons behind these changes, such ass eyeing if it was caused naturally by the market or if the producers caused these price changes.

Examples from text:

“Throughout 2022, U.S. consumers faced persistent

increases in egg prices.”

“Further indication of increased interest is the intensity of Internet searches: Over the last year, the number of searches on egg-price-

related terms increased by more than 5,000% (Google

Trends, 2023).”

a.    What is the discourse about?

It is about the reasoning behind the rise in egg prices rise in 2022 by analyzing different factors that might have contributed to the prices

b.    Why is the discourse needed? Egg prices had a huge increase in the market which is concerning to the consumers

c.    What is the discourse trying to accomplish?

It is trying to inform people on teh reasons for price changes through real data, which explains the increase clearly

2.    Rhetor(s)—Those People, Real or Imagined, Responsible for the Discourse and Its Authorial Voice

In your own words:

Andrew Muhammad is a Professor in the department of agricultural economics, Charles Martinez and Abdelaziz Lawani are both assistant professors in Agriculture and Environmental Science

Examples from text:

“Author Information: Andrew Muhammad is Professor and Blasingame Chair of Excellence in Agricultural Policy,

Department of Agricultural Resource Economics, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville,

Tennessee. Charles Martinez is Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Resource Economics, University of

Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee. Abdelaziz Lawani is Assistant Professor, Department of

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee.”

3.    Audience—Those People, Real or Imagined, with Whom Rhetors Negotiate through Discourse to Achieve the Rhetorical Objectives

In your own words:

The audience are economists in the agricutlural industry that want to know about the increase in egg prices, as well as researchers and policymakers

Examples from text:

They use detailed analysis which is intended towards people who are involved in agricultural economics

“Soaring egg price have garnered attention from policy makers and researchers and have been the subject of recent news reports including the Wall Street Journal, New York Times, and The Economist. “

4.    Constraints—Factors in the Situation’s Context That May Affect the Achievement of the Rhetorical Objectives

In your own words:

The egg market is already difficult by itself and has factors that are constantly influencing the changes, such as inflation which makes it hard to state the exact reason for rising egg prices, so there are a lot of reasons that can affect prices which makes it hard to know if the price increases are due to the market itself or other factors

Examples from text:

“Noted causes of the recent surge in egg prices include

supply-chain disruptions due to the COVID-19 pandemic,

increased egg demand during the holiday season, and

overall inflation (Malone, Schaefer, and Lusk, 2021; Oh

and Vukina, 2022)“

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Rhetorical Situations and Their Constituents

1.    Exigence—The Matter and Motivation of the Discourse

In your own words:

The exigence is the impact of California’s ban on cage free eggs, called Proposition 2 on prices of eggs as the prices went up after the law was implemented.

Examples from text:

“…we find that Californians now pay between $0.48 and $1.08 more for a dozen eggs.

“The estimates suggest an annual reduction in California consumer surplus of between $400 million and 850 million” “whereas Proposition 2 outlawed the production of battery-cage eggs, AB 1437 went further and outlawed the sale of such eggs in the state”

a.    What is the discourse about?

The impact of California’s ban on battery cage eggs since it affected egg prices and consumer’s well being.

b.    Why is the discourse needed?

It is needed because laws are implemented in other states and people who are wanting to implement the laws need to see how it affects the market and their consumers. It will help them make the decision to see if this law is beneficial economically or not

c.    What is the discourse trying to accomplish?

How the price increases were caused by the ban and look at the impact it actually had on consumers

2.    Rhetor(s)—Those People, Real or Imagined, Responsible for the Discourse and Its Authorial Voice

In your own words:

The economists are the Rhetors, Trey Malone and Jayson L. Lusk, Malone is a graduate and Lusk is a professor in Agricultural Economics.

Examples from text:

“Trey Malone is a graduate student and Jayson L. Lusk is a professor in the Department of Agricultural Economics at

Oklahoma State University”

3.    Audience—Those People, Real or Imagined, with Whom Rhetors Negotiate through Discourse to Achieve the Rhetorical Objectives

In your own words:

The audience are economists who are interested in how the law impacted the economy, especially since other states also started implementing this law or where thinking about it

Examples from text:

“Michigan and Ohio residents have passed their own restrictions

and for a time the United Egg Producers"

4.    Constraints—Factors in the Situation’s Context That May Affect the Achievement of the Rhetorical Objectives

In your own words:

They only look at short term effects on consumers and doesn’t look at the long term effects on producers

Examples from text:

They don’t discuss how farmers changed their prices in response to new regulations

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Rhetorical Situations and Their Constituents

1.    Exigence—The Matter and Motivation of the Discourse

In your own words:

It is understanding how different factors affect egg prices especially since the egg industry in the United States changed a lot in those years, as well as predicting the egg prices.

Examples from text:

“The objective of the present study was to develop econometric models for quarterly wholesale shell egg prices to provide a quantitative analysis of the current market relationships which determine such prices. The models were also designed to predict egg prices for the succeeding quarter.”

a.    What is the discourse about?

It discusses the factors that drive the prices of eggs in the U.S. It uses an econometric model to understand what the factors are end predict future prices.

b.    Why is the discourse needed?

The egg industry in the U.S. has changed a lot and producers need to understand how the changes affect prices.

c.    What is the discourse trying to accomplish?

An undersranding of the reasons for the price changes and to improve the accuracy of price prediction models in the egg market

2.    Rhetor(s)—Those People, Real or Imagined, Responsible for the Discourse and Its Authorial Voice

In your own words:

Sujit K. Roy is a professor in Agricultural Economics and

Philip N. Johnson is an area economist.

Examples from text:

“ Sujit K. RoY is associate professor of agricultural eco-

nomics at Texas Tech University, and Philip N. JOYNSON is an area economist with the Texas Agricultural Extension

Service.”

3.    Audience—Those People, Real or Imagined, with Whom Rhetors Negotiate through Discourse to Achieve the Rhetorical Objectives

In your own words:

Agricultural economists who are interested in the changing prices, specifically on future prices for the market

Examples from text:

“model for each of the four calendar quarters for seasonal characteristics of quarterly data”

The examples/models used are complex and intended towards other economists who understand these models

4.    Constraints—Factors in the Situation’s Context That May Affect the Achievement of the Rhetorical Objectives

In your own words:

The model lacks some data on certain parts, such as technological advancements

Examples from text:

The authors mention that the absence this data affect the accuracy of the model

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Rhetorical Situations and Their Constituents

1.    Exigence—The Matter and Motivation of the Discourse

In your own words:

The exigence is the need to analyze how people’s preferences for cage free eggs and organic eggs affect egg prices mainly because they are concerned about how the egg is being produced (for ethical reasons) and concerns on how it could affect their health.

Examples from text:

“Results reveal significant premiums attributable to cage-free (a 57 percent premium on average) and organic (an 85 percent premium on average”

“Despite the large implicit price premiums for cage free and organic, our data reveal that most shoppers are not willing to pay such high prices”

a.    What is the discourse about?

It’s about how different egg production methods affect the prices of eggs. It analyzes prices associated with ‘specialty” eggs and researches the consumers willingness to pay for the eggs despite higher prices.

b.    Why is the discourse needed?

It’s needed to understand how more consumers are interested in buying ethically produced eggs, and how their interest in this affects egg prices. This helps producers make the best decision on the pricing and best methods to produce eggs in the industry.

c.    What is the discourse trying to accomplish?

It is trying to find the reason for the differences in prices of eggs based on the method in which they were produced and explain the factors that drive the prices. It also suggests the need for further research to better understand the relationship between the consumer and the price.

2.    Rhetor(s)—Those People, Real or Imagined, Responsible for the Discourse and Its Authorial Voice

In your own words:

The researchers are professors from Oklahoma State University, conducting research in the Agricultural Economics department

Examples from text:

“Jae Bong Chang is a research fellow at the Korean Rural Economics Institute; Jayson L. Lusk is a professor and Willard

Endowed Chair; and F. Bailey Norwood is an associate professor, all in the Department of Agricultural Economics, Ok

State University. “

3.    Audience—Those People, Real or Imagined, with Whom Rhetors Negotiate through Discourse to Achieve the Rhetorical Objectives

In your own words:

The audience are economists and/or people that are interested in consumer behavior and the prices of eggs

Examples from text:

“Although the market shares for cage-free and organiz eggs are small, such products appear in almost every major grocery store chain, indicating the price premiums are probably not a result of the offerings of a particular kind of store”

4.    Constraints—Factors in the Situation’s Context That May Affect the Achievement of the Rhetorical Objectives

In your own words:

It is older data (2004-2008), which affects how relevant their findings are in today’s market

Examples from text:

“Our data set covers approximately 42 percent of all U.S. shell egg production from 2004 to 2008”

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Fill out each component with your notes for your articles.

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Upload final paper here

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Upload copy of Paper 4 here

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Upload Paper 3 here

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1. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23243063

2. https://research-ebsco-com.lscsproxy2.lonestar.edu/linkprocessor/plink?id=d501e295-57ed-3dbb-a607-9350c0349d25

3. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44131353

4. https://doi.org/10.2307/1239130

5. https://www.choicesmagazine.org/UserFiles/file/cmsarticle_851.pdf

6. https://doi.org/10.2307/1238439

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What economic factors affect the price of eggs for consumers? — this is the general question I have right now, still working on narrowing it down since I recently changed it last week with my Economics professor.

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Step 4 - Contextual Analysis/Literature Review

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Step 4 - Contextual Analysis/Literature Review