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Geocentric Model

The Babylonian Geocentric model states that the Earth is the center of all planet's orbits. The stars rotated around Earth once a day, and their constellation patterns never changed.

The planets, however, each had their own special movements that represented their Gods.

("Astronomy And Cosmology: Geocentric And Heliocentric Models Of The Universe")

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("Department of Physics and Astronomy: University of Rochester")

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Geocentric Model

Aristotle's Geocentric model states that the Earth is the center of all other planet's orbit. The other planets were believed to orbit Earth in perfect circles. The issue with the model was that the belief that planets orbited Earth in a perfect circle didn't explain changes in the Sun and Moon's brightness, and the illusion of certain planets seeming to change in size and movement.

("How We Figured Out That Earth Goes Around The Sun")

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Geocentric Model

Ptolemy's Geocentric model also states that the Earth is the center of all orbits. The other planets all orbited Earth in perfect circles. In his model, the Moon orbited closest to the Earth. Then it was Mercury, Venus, and the Sun. The issue with this model was that it was poor at predicting accurate placements of other planets; and how close or far they seemed to appear in relation to their orbit.

("How We Figured Out That Earth Goes Around The Sun")

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("Department of Physics and Astronomy: University of Rochester")

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Heliocentric Model

Copernicus' Heliocentric model states that the Sun is the center of orbit. The math with all the planet's orbit made more sense with the sun at the center. With this method, the planets moved in a perfect circle with no seemingly random acceleration or deceleration of planets throughout orbit. The issue with Copernicus' model was that his circular orbits weren't correct, and was also poor at predicting the planet's movement. It proved to be just as bad as Geocentric models.

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Heliocentric Model

Johannes Kepler's Heliocentric model stats that the sun is the center of all planet's orbits. However, unlike all previous Geocentric and Heliocentric models, he states that the planets do not orbit in perfect circles. They, instead, orbit in ellipses.

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Heliocentric Model

Galileo Galilei's model is also known as Galileo's Telescope. It confirmed that the Earth was not the center of orbit. He proved this by pointing his telescope at Jupiter. He found Jupiter's four biggest moons and analyzed Venus. After this, he realized that it went through phases, just like our moons do. This only made sense using the logic of the Heliocentric model.

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Heliocentric Model (kind of)

Today, we know that the sun is more or less the center of our universe. However, we don't orbit it in perfect circles. We orbit it in ellipses. The center of the sun isn't necessarily the center of orbit, though. Our center of orbit changes to be at different points of the sun as we go through different phases. We don't know if our belief has any issues yet!

("Space.com")