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Pangea was an super continent at 280 million years ago and it was gigantic. It was all of thee 7 continents combined into this colossal beauty even though there were a lot of channels ( rivers.) It was made when the 7 continents drifted together. Mostly the middle lacked rain so it was really dry and empty of life. It was made in the Permian era. sadly around 200 in the Jurassic era it broke up into Laurasia and Gondwanaland. There was a lot of life in Pangaea to fishes and ichthyosaurus swimming in the only ocean surrounding Pangaea know as Panthalassa. But land were giant reptiles known as synapsid roaming and the kings of the continent. In 1912 Alfred Wegener suggest that there was once a big super continent because of smaller rocks founded in the east of south America and west of Africa. Also similar fossils the reptiles founded in these two far apart continents. But other scientists disagreed and said that it was continental drift ( when continents move to an other places.)

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Around 40,000 years ago the first natives reached north America. But how can they go to north America that would be really hard because all of that water between Asia and north America! But it was the ice age the Bering straight was all frozen up and easily crossible So basically it was nature's own bridge! That's really cool and shocking. Also the first natives were in Australia and you can see them today but many were killed when the British invaded there home land. Also these people were hunter gatherers who hunted game and gathered plants and berries.

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Bjarni Herjolfsson was the first person to see Canada. After the Natives landed in Canada thousands later the Vikings were raided and stealing. Bjarni Herjolfsson was in Iceland and Green land. But after from Norway he saw a new land mass in Canada. But never step foot on this land. After he told Leif Erikson this was the first arrival of Canada on land. Before this discovering he was in Iceland with his wife.

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Leif Eriksson was born in the country of the Icelandic Commonwealth at 960 CE. He was the son of Eric the red sadly his father died at 1000 CE when he discovered and landed in Canada in Newfoundland. He was told by Bjarni Herjolfsson that there was a new land to explore named "Canada". So on a long boat trip he landed in Canada. After making a settlement on Newfoundland and labrador which is called " Vinland" and saw many new things. But he didn't stay really long. He only stayed for one winter then in the cold and icy weather of Canada left also with other Viking men. Also he had an wife called Thjodhild which i don't know how to pronounce. After going to Olaf’s church around the late 900's he converted to himself to Christianity. But in 1020 the glorious founder of Canada died. He died in the battle ragnar's side and sacrifice himself for the home land.

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The Viking were people in Norway, sweden,Denmark maybe Finland, Iceland and Green land.They traveled from the north sea, faroe islands, Iceland, Greenland to find the best soil to grow to feed their people.Also they built long boats from oak trees and carved out a dragon head to scare opponents and sea monsters these were quit effective. Even they would carry this beast of a boat in shallow water. They carried axes and swords to fight enemies which were mostly the Anglo-Saxons. The one thing which saved the Anglo-Saxons from the Vikings was the long bow. It could shoot arrows in a long range to deter the Vikings. Of course they would have several battles with the natives. Also they settle in new found land and labrador but really little.

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300 to 1300 -  iroquois The great law of peace

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300 to 1300 -  iroquois The great law of peace

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Before the great law of peace 5 tribes fought and killed each other. But Hiawatha saw the mohawk making peace with each other. So he shared to tadodaho his idea. But he hated it. He said to just stay with them. After going to the Mohawk he got the peace maker to unite these 5 tribes. He went to the oneida and united each other. The first great law of peace was made. Hiawatha thoughted that 2 tribes together could out number the Onondaga. But again tadodaho rejected. The next tribe which united to the great law of peace was the Cayuga. The Seneca had the most troops and fought outside the 5 tribes. But they accepted the peace. The last for the peace was the Onondaga tribe. As tadodaho mind spun he thought " I would be powerful!" But jagoanssh saw him think greed and evil. Finally after begging forgiveness the Onondaga was in peace.

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Many explorers from Spain, France, Portugal and U.K were sent to Asia to get spices and silk. This happens because of thee long trade routes known as the silk road. Searching and trying to get rich and own a monopoly. But they reached north America and south America. Even though the Vikings first founded the america's Christopher Columbus in 1492 reached modern day Cuba and claimed a new land. After speaking this new land to the king of Spain everyone in Europe wanted to get this new land. Many goods went to Europe like chocolate, giant straw berries, potatoes, corn (maize at this time) and much more. Also seeing new animals the indigenous claimed holy. Though many were Massacred, shot with flintlocks and diseases. The most common were small pox, measles and thee Bubonic plague which ended a century ago. Even the polish lithuanian commonwealth owned Venezuela one time and they were the kings of east Europe.

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John Cabot was an Italian sailor looking for water routes to Asia to trade in the silk road. He started his 3 journeys across Asia. But in his second voyage in 1497 he landed on north America soil. After seeing this new land he called it the " new world." Also he never went to school sadly because his family was extremely poor. He was born in 1450 AD and died between 1498 to 1501. He came from Gaeta Italy but Italy was not united. They were warning kingdoms. Gaeta in Italian means " seaport." Some were 1497, 1450 and 1498. John Cabot come to America after Christopher Columbus. But never actually landed in North America. But Christopher Columbus landed in modern day Cuba in 1492. John Cabot's legacy was being an amazing sailor and after struggles as a child he became history's greatest sailors of all time. Also he should be remembered because many more Explores came after him and gigantic empires like the British empire, French empire and Spanish empire. Also he introduced cod to Europe without it there wouldn't be a thing called fish and chips. We don't know what he ate but probably salted beef or pork, tack ( hardened bread), pulses ( seeds form beans) and rice. Indeed he had sons there names are Sebastian Cabot, Sancius Cabot and Ludovico Cabot.

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He was a French navigator of the kingdom of France. Jacques Cartier was French and born in 1491 one year before Christopher Columbus would sail in the ocean blue. He was in the city of Saint Malo a city on the coast of France.The name "Canada" comes from the Iroquois word meaning village or settlement. Jacques Cartier didn't know he thought they were saying a route of Kanada. But what they were even saying but they were saying a village in Québec. He was really mean to them and didn't show mercy. Jacques Cartier thought they were barbaric or subman a definition he thought " savage." There were only two voyages Jacques Cartier made. One in 1534 and 1536 they were across the st. Lawrence river. After 1536 he left Canada. Stadacona and Hochelaga are known today as the St. Lawrence river. It was a French base in Quebec City in the 1500s. Jacques Cartier never actually had sons like most Explores. Coming back to France many of his men had scurvy and died. Only 10 out of 110 were healthy. Jacques Cartier mostly ate salted fish, pork and beef.

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Around the early 1600s the fur trade began! The Europeans traded guns, iron made things and much more with the indigenous. In return they gave beaver pelts. One of the reasons why the Europeans even conquered Canada was to get beaver pelts. In Europe they were a symbol of luxury. These beaver pelts were most commonly used to make hats. There were rules for trade posts. The first was to have enough storage to put the items. Second was to keep the traders warm. Third was to put a fire place to make the men warm. Fourth was to put windows with paper. Fifth, the posts had to be in flat ground. Sith was it had to be close to any wood supplies. Seventh was it also had to be built in a meadows. eighth was it had to be close to fresh water sources. Ninth was to be suitable for farming. Tenth was to have animals to hunt for food I guess! Eleventh was to be easy to be built. 12h was to have water ways to transport waterway. Last was to have close to indigenous people.First European power to start the fur trade was France they got a lot of money so the French could control their colonies more easily. In 1670 the French got ruperts land it was a vast and big area for France during this time. Even the British wanted to go in this hot trend so did the indigenous. So to gather more money from the fur trade and made the Hudson bay company. Around the 1740s the Beaver wars began. The goal was to get as many beaver pelts as they can. By the 1760s the British empire took new France and was the leader of thee fur trade. Thee British empire was in a rapid expansion. In other regions in Canada there were other things not just beavers. To salmons on the east and on north Arctic foxes. Another company which wanted beaver pelts was the north west company. It was made by random traders who wanted to make a company. Sadly in 1870 beaver hats were replaced in popularity by silk hats. Going into the 20th century was hard for the Hudson bay company. In 1923 the beaver population was getting endangered so a couple put a sanctuary in rupert house to preserve the population. Now in the modern world they would be abolished getting beaver pelts and started making stores. But in 1997 Walmart went to Canada! Walmart replaced many of the stores which were controlled by the Hudson bay company. Saldy around 1 million animals were killed for just their furs and for special valuables!

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He returned to Canada at 1604 and made the St. Lawrence river as a French colony. Also he was the governor of France at a point in his life. Samuel de Champlain did two of the options. He founded Quebec City and established "new France". Samuel de Champlain cartographer makes and redeighs for his long dangerous journeys. Also he protected his country from the other empires snatching land from each other. Later in life he became a lieutenant ( commander) his goal was to rule the Atlantic off the coast of Canada to become rich. Mainly he worked with the Huron, Montagnais, Odawa and Nipissing tribes. They traded with each other and had friendly friendships. The first was losing his French province in north America by the British. He founded Rhode island. And his final was going to prison by the U.K 1629 and died there. Back then the prisons were atrocious filled with rats and really dirty. That day he died was on Christmas day the way he died was stroke. His name is still honored by the Champlain river which starts in Quebec and extends to New York.

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In 1756 to 1763 one of the first world war in human history was the Seven years war! At July 3 1754 a British officer was handed a note in a unknown language. He wrote his name and guilt for the murder of a French officer. Than the commander with 2000 British troops marched in shame. In the forest French and indigenous troops hid in the trees and shot at the British not seeing the French. With French firing 1000 British got killed with the fire half of the men dead. Now things were going salty but there's more. Before in 1748 was the Austrian succession which expanded Austria's empire. Fredrick the great worried that they would invade his empire. To make things worse for Fredrick Russian and Austria sighed a peace treaty. But in India the two empires the French and British were bananas for sugar and Fur trade in Canada to make for hats. Even though the British were losing tremendously. But a successful invasion begin because on June 3 to 16 they crossed to French Canada took control of fort Beauceu ( French strong hold of Acadia.) At 1756 both France and Britain declared war on each other. At 1756 Prussia sighed a defense pack to Britain. At June 28 1756 the British took saint Philippe from the French on the island of Menorca. Later in August 29 Fedrick attacked Holy Roman empire state called Saxony. But it was a failure because Austrian's troops attacked and even took the land of Silesia. even the British were having trouble because fort Bull and fort William henry. Than the British lawyer Pitt donated money to the Prussians. Then in India both powers ( France and British) wanted to be the rulers of India after the decline of the Mughal empire. But even British troops got tortured in Bengal in the Black hole prison for 3 days only few surviving. At Bengal British soldiers in the battle of Plassey at June 23 the and French Indian troops attacking. But they won due to the rain fall, which ruined Indian gun powder. The British stored it and fired! Than while obliterating the Austrians and Saxony Russians troops charged at Prussia. But French army man blocked the advance of Hanover and beat the British. Even while the French ate up west Prussia. Than Sweden invaded Pomerania at September 13 from Prussia. Prussia was attacked all sides it was scary for Fedrick. Against all odds Fedrick won 2 battles that same year. While Prussian was cornered in all sides, France and Austria hade a slow advance at Prussia. But Britain came back for anger and kick them out to the Holy roman empire. Even while the British in North America were losing by the shameful defeat of Fort William henry. But finally at 1768 the British were having some success at Fort Carilon, Fort Louis Bourg and fort Dequesne. But going back to India British were having a great time carving out Bengal while the French took St. David. Going for there advance to take Madras rainy weather blocked the light and French started a siege. Seeing trouble 6 British ships with supplies and guns the French escaped for help. But as more men took over land they finally took the capital know as Berlin for a short while. At August was some of the worst defeats at the city of Ke and Maxim on the fields of Kerne'rs Dorf. While Russians and Austrian's troops dismantled the Prussians they retreated. While in India the British were rulering India taking French cities. But British were ruling in sea looking at the French as Babies. They won at Guadeloupe, Lagos and Quiberon bay. In Canada Britain had victories at fort Niagara and taking back Carrion which made them control the Hudson valley. With other troops they siege Quebec leading to the battle of the plains and a other British success. Sadly the British commander and French died due to the fighting. At 1960 British were winning battles and was the main super power but their king died on October 25 possibly on the toilet by being constipated. In India Britain on battles in India by the battle of Wandy wash. Finally the French surrender in India. In Canada the Shawnee and Lenape went to the British side. Now it was the end of the amazing New France end. While more battles roared in Europe new comer joined. Spain! On French side they attacked Portugal with British troops attacking. Sadly Elisabeth died and was replaced with Peter 3rd was a fan of Fedrick. Soon he sued for peace and joined Prussians side. Than Sweden left the war knowing their would be more blood shed. But the Russo- Prussian alliance didn't last that long because he was murdered by his own wife and deposed. After seven years of battle Louis sued for peace and the war would finally end. But them a deal was made called the Treaty of France. France kept sugar islands in the Caribbean and Senegal. But Britain got Bengal and parts of India. Also Britain got parts of the USA and Canada.

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After the seven years war Britain got the U.S.A and Canada. But trying to get it's money they created the sampt tax which made many angry at them. Here's a summary what the sampt tax is. Everything you got a sampt which every one got in the 13 colonies it was a tax. For example with tax cards, tea and etc anything had a tax. But it made many angry and in rage so something crazy happen. Rebels came in British ships and poured all the tea in the ocean. Seeing this British troops declared conflict with the army coming they shot them. The Mobs were angry ( Reblions) throwed shells and clams were throwed for vengeance at the British. Many say that after many skirmishes and beatings war happen. At first the America's were struggling from the British power house. Then in Winter George Washington came with his army from the icy waters to a British camp and attack the British sleeping. It was a massive defeat for the British. Even after all of that in 1776 George Washington declared the 13 colonies as independent. But still they were not independent to the British.

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After when America was independent and  George Washington was no more anyway. In 1812 the war started because a farmer shoot a British Loyalists pig! Any way the Canadian army burned down the white house making the  Americans angry. So they had sweet revenge fighting for the american flag. Indeed it was a short war only lasting 2 years so there's not to be talked about. After the war the White house was remade and a map agreement was made. Canada and the Usa would be strenced in a long line in till the Mississippi river and a small lake. But actually the Mississippi was more south to the usa and the lake looked less like circle so again  they made the map. This time the Two would  go until the rocky mountain region where many natives live. But  this would be a disaster. Some small islands close to victoria island made the two have hot water. These islands caused the pig which was indeed ridiculous. Even James polk entered the fight because of a failed general in the Mexican- American war.  Finally after the fight  they went to the map. The american's get all the islands but the British get the bigger Victoria island.

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Finally winning the war both Britain and Prussia were poor and couldn't keep there colonies in control. With this British made one of the worst decisions ever, which was the stamp tax. In British control and getting taxed many people and old British commanders were angry. But was the stamp tax you are saying? Well for every item you purchased store owners would put a stamp meaning it had a tax. But until then the U.S.A went to war for Independence. Many siding for the British would be kicked out of America or killed. Some loyalists survived and escaped to British Canada. Some British siders (Ruiters) fled to Britain instead of Canada. If they were lucky they kept mass amount of land ( Rupert's land) and they were rich. Even they could be with the rare, valuable class living like a king. Not even just that the indigenous supported the British because they won the seven years war, while France indigenous allies turned to British side. Even while they were vanished in Canada, many loyalists made communities from trouble. AN example of this is Shelburne, which today has 2300 people.

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In the 19 to 20 century many people from many countries went to Canada. These people interdoced their customs to the 70% British population. These were the Germans, Italians, Russians, Irish, Mexicans, Chinese and etc. These people played a role for the growth of Canada and more. The Chinese made railways which made transport more easily. Also African helped so much for Canada. Even breaking Jim crow laws!Many of these people came from Europe because they escaped the evil empires taking every thing for the people. It's amazing to see today how much diversity of people in Canada and more. Also the amazing food that they brought with them ( don't forget)! Even after the 1900s more people flock to Canada and the Usa for better life's.

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Around the 1800s in the Usa Black people were treated poorly. They were even treated more like land then humans. Mostly they were feed no food at all and if they got food it would be insects and more untasteful monsters. In African folk lore a zombie like creature was a victim in a ship the most Europeans sailors chopping noses off to show off their wealth. It was Sad and indeed breaking all of Gods rules.Anyway in Canada they built a railway were people could escape to Canada. Around 600'000 people escaped to Canada. At the 1860s the American civil war was boiling in the Usa. The Confederacy and Union fought for America. Happily the Union won making slavery illegal. Harriet Tubman was born to greddy land owners then escaping to Canada. He went with groups of Africans seeking freedom. After her death she was immortalize as a amazing sign of breaking the cure corrupt rule of other people.

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At 1867 finally Canada was independent from the British the first president was named " John Sir John Alexander Macdonald!" Sending a letter to Britain they earned Freedom for the learning blocks to modern day Canada. At the time it only had 3 provinces which were New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and some parts of Ontario and Quebec! It wasn't the big country you think today. With the conical rule of the British empire ending,Canada got all of extra land. Also at 1966 the Canadian flag switching from the British flag to the maple leaf flag. It's now the 2 biggest country after Russia.

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The history of Canada explained in 10 minutes