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Marcel Duchamp was a French artist born in 1887 in Blainville, France. Duchamp participated in Cubism, Dadaism, and conceptual art. Marcel Duchamp was the child of a notary, and have five siblings. four out of the six Duchamp children became artists, including Marcel. In his final years, Duchamp helped to put together Surrealist exhibitions and paved the way for art movements such as Pop and Minimalism. The "Bicycle Wheel" was one of Duchamp's first pieces in his "Readymades" he began in 1913. "Readymades" consisted of ordinary everyday objects. Duchamp believed that it was an artist's choice to make any piece a work of art. The purpose behind "Readymades" was to change the way people viewed artists. Before "Readymades", viewers believed that artists were the skilled craftsmen behind every piece of work, Duchamp changed that by creating pieces that were unusual yet ordinary.The “Fountain” is a porcelain piece of artwork by Marcel Duchamp. It was created in 1964, and it has a black-written date of ‘R. Mutt 1917’ near the bottom of the piece. The work was thought to be “indecent” by people in the Society of Independent Artists community. Additionally, Duchamp was not known to be the artist of “Fountain” when it was first presented. https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/duchamp-fountain-t07573https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/r/readymadehttps://www.britannica.com/biography/Marcel-Duchamp

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The French Quarter of New Orleans' is the last intact French/Spanish colonial settlement in the United States. Its origins date back to 1682 when explorer Robert Cavelier claimed the area for the French Crown. In 1718 it was founded and has been a residential area since. Throughout the 1700s-1800s, the state of Louisiana was bought and sold by Spanish, French, and American colonizers resulting in a great melting pot of cultural influence that can even be seen in the French Quarter. Some notable architectural features in the French Quarter include dormer windows, shutters, and pitched roofs. The heart of the French Quarter, now known as Jackson Square, was established as Place d’Armes in the 18th century. Some other significant buildings that surround this area include the St. Louis Cathedral, Old Ursuline Convent, and The Napoleon House. Although most of the original French architecture of the area has not withstood the test of time, these buildings showcase the beauty in what remains. Most French-inspired buildings were taken out by The Great Fires of 1788 and 1794 and major flooding events. Mardi Gras is a passionate and whimsical celebration of “Fat Tuesday”, or the day before the fasting season of Lent native to the catholic religion. Mardi Gras is particularly celebrated with fervor in the French Quarter. The festival originated from French Catholic settlers in the 18th century and was officially founded in 1718. The celebration is known for its elaborate parades, masks, and feasts. Mardi Gras is the symbol of the fusion of various cultures including French, African, and Spanish. References:https://www.frenchquarter.com/katrinahistory/ https://www.neworleans.com/plan/neighborhoods/french-quarter/history/#:~:text=Founded%20by%20the%20French%20in,pirates%2C%20voodoo%20and%20even%20vampires. https://www.nolatourguy.com/what-is-the-architectural-origin-of-the-french-quarter/#:~:text=The%20French%20Quarter%20was%20the,windows%2C%20and%20thick%20masonry%20walls. https://www.neworleans.com/things-to-do/history/history-of-new-orleans-by-period/#:~:text=Colonial%20New%20Orleans&text=Claimed%20for%20the%20French%20Crown,95%20miles%20above%20its%20mouth.

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Exploring New Orleans' and The French Quarter

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Exploring New Orleans' and The French Quarter

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Albert Camus was a French novelist born in 1913 in Drean, Algeria. Albert came from an impoverished family and lost his father at a young age due to WWI. Camus was known for his novels and absurd philosophical beliefs. Camus began his career as an actor/playwriter and political journalist in Algeria and published his first play called “Révolte dans les Asturies” in 1936. Albert gained international recognition through his major published works which include The Stranger, The Plague, and The Fall, as well as philosophical essays such as The Rebel and The Myth of Sisyphus. In his works, Camus focused on philosophical ideas such as the Absurd and the notion of Revolt. Through the idea of Absurdism, Albert focused on the constant desire for humans to find meaning in life and the impossibility of finding these values. The Stranger is Camus’ most famous work and truly highlights the idea that man must find their own way to confront the meaninglessness of life due to the idea of absurdism. One of Camus’ most famous quotes includes “You will never be happy if you continue to search for what happiness consists of. You will never live if you are looking for the meaning of life.” This quote highlights the ideas found in almost all of Camus’ work and the message he wanted the world to hear.        https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2012/04/09/facing-historyhttps://medium.com/@nasyavinalifia/the-philosophy-of-absurdism-4ef5e40a33b9https://iep.utm.edu/albert-camus/#:~:text=4.-,Works,of%20Sisyphus%20and%20The%20Rebel.https://www.goalcast.com/21-albert-camus-quotes/ 

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Poutine is a beloved dish in Quebec and consists of fries, cheese curds, and gravy. This dish originates from a rural area of Warwick, Quebec. Around 1957, the owner of a small restaurant called “Le lutin qui rit”, had a customer who requested cheese curds with his fries. The owner of the restaurant threw the ingredients together and called it poutine due to its appearance since the word “poutine” comes from Québécois slang for “mess”. Later on, in 1964 the gravy aspect of the dish came into play when Jean-Paul Roy watched several of his customers order a side of cheese curds with the gravy and fry dish at his restaurant. Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day, celebrated on June 24, is a public holiday in Quebec. Thousands can be seen taking part in parades, concerts, and fireworks on this day. It originates from pagan cultures that celebrated this day as the summer solstice, or the longest day of the year. Later on, the Roman Catholic Church associated this holiday with John the Baptist. Now, those who celebrate this holiday look at it as a way to celebrate their culture and identity.Tourtière is a traditional French Canadian meat pie made with finely diced pork, beef, or veal and baked inside a flaky pie crust and is usually eaten for a Christmas Eve dinner. It is argued to be a version of a British dish called “Sea Pie” and its first documentation can be seen in La cuisinière canadienne of 1840, a French cookbook published in Canada. https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/57508/brief-history-poutine#:~:text=The%20most%20widespread%20claim%20for,qui%20rit%2C%20or%20“The%20Laughinghttps://pacmusee.qc.ca/en/stories-of-montreal/article/the-origin-of-saint-jean-baptiste-day/https://www.cbc.ca/kids/articles/all-about-st-jean-baptiste-dayhttps://www.foodnetwork.ca/article/the-meaty-history-of-quebecois-tourtiere/https://sidneymuseum.ca/edible-artefacts/tourtiere/#:~:text=But%20tourtière%27s%20history%20can%20actually,seafood%20and%20always%20a%20tourtière.

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Journey Through French-Quebec Cuisine and Traditions

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Journey Through French-Quebec Cuisine and Traditions