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Rehabilitation Act (PL 93-112, Section 504)

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Rehabilitation Act (PL 93-112, Section 504)

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Year: 1973

What did it accomplish?: It prohibits discrimination of individuals with disabilities who are in programs that are funded by the US Department of Education.

What makes it unique?: The Act forbids organizations from excluding individuals with disabilities and gives them an equal opportunity to receive program benefits.

Who does it benefit?: Students with disabilities-Allows them to receive accommodations and modifications.

Which pillars of Special Education does it address?: FAPE-It ensures that children with disabilities are getting help to meet their academic needs.

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The Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments (PL 99-457)

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The Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments (PL 99-457)

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Year: 1986

What did it accomplish?: It provided appropriate and free education for children ages 3-5 who are disabled.

What makes it unique?: The Act provides services to families whose child was born with a disability from the time they are born.

Who does it benefit?: Parents of child with disabilities-Requires that the family is receiving assistance.

Which Pillars of Special Education does it address?: FAPE-Children with disabilities were able to receive free education.

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Common Name: Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

Year: Enacted in 1975

Proceeding: This law ensued that all students with a disability were required to have free education tailored to their needs. The students (no later than age 16), were also required to have an individual transition plan (ITP) as part of his or her (IEP).

What makes it unique? - The IDEA is unique because it underwent amendments to PL 94-142). This act required all public schools accepting federal funds to provide equal access to education and one free meal a day for students with physical and mental disabilities.

Implications: The IDEA applies to all students with disabilities who qualify for special education services.

Pillars: While the IDEA addresses various aspects of special education, including the provision of a Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) and the Individualized Education Program (IEP) these provide free education for students with disabilities that is tailored to the student's needs. It also includes the Least Restrictive Environment (LRE), this places students in the least restrictive environment for the student to meet their educational needs.

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Education for all Handicapped Children Act or IDEA

1975

Pl94 was enacted in 1975 and the specifications of the law include any and all children with disabilities will be able to attend school no matter their disability. This law was later renamed the Education for all handicapped children act or IDEA in 1990 for a reauthorization.

-It benefited all students with handicaps giving them the equal right to education, it helped relieve stress on families in a number of ways, and it boosted teaching jobs which were needed to accommodate all students.

Pillars- I believe it is academics due to the fact that there were states with gate keeping laws to keep disabilities out of school and this law .

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Supreme Court Case: Daniel RR v. state board of education 

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Supreme Court Case: Daniel RR v. state board of education 

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Daniel RR v state board of education

1989

What this supreme court case did for children with disabilities is make sure that no kid will be restricted placement in the correct curriculum for what’s appropriate for their age. What was unique was the parents actually wanted the student to attend a classroom that he wasn’t suited for because Daniel was a student with down syndrome in a classroom with kids who were more cognitively developed.

-This benefits students from not being harmed by their caretakers, it benefitted teachers' workload, and it benefitting parents by getting their child the correct education they need.

Pillars - I believe it is academics due to the fact this is about the placement of where they start and if they aren’t prepared mentally from the start they are not absorbing all the information that is being taught.

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Common Name: Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

Year: Enacted on July 26, 1990.

Proceedings: The ADA aimed to establish a clear and comprehensive prohibition of discrimination based on disability. It provided individuals with physical and mental disabilities equal opportunities in various areas, including public accommodations, employment, transportation, state and local government services, and telecommunications.

Uniqueness: The ADA is unique for its broad definition of disability, making it one of the most far-reaching pieces of disability rights legislation. It aims to eliminate discrimination and promote equal opportunities for individuals with disabilities in different aspects of public life.

Implications: The ADA has implications for all individuals with disabilities, as it prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in various sectors of society.

Pillars: While the ADA does not specifically include any of the pillars of special education. I think FAPE could be included because it provides free education for those who need special education. This could fit into the public accommodations because it helps students with disabilities enjoy life to the fullest.

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Supreme Court Case: Community School District VS Garret F

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Supreme Court Case: Community School District VS Garret F

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Common Name: Cedar Rapids Community School District v. Garret F.

Year: March 3, 1999.

Proceeding: The Supreme Court ruled that the 1990 Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) requires school boards to provide continuous nursing services to disabled students who need them during the school day.

What makes this case unique? The case is unique because Garret did not always need medical treatment throughout the day; however, the ruling emphasized the continuous provision of nursing services for those who do require such assistance. It set a precedent for ensuring that students with disabilities who need nursing services receive them consistently, promoting their access to education.

Implications: The ruling had implications not only for Garret and his family but also for future students and families who require medical assistance throughout the school day. It reinforced the idea that schools, under IDEA, are obligated to provide necessary services to enable students with disabilities to participate in educational activities.

Pillars: The pillars of this case include the interpretation and enforcement of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), emphasizing the continuous provision of nursing services as a necessary accommodation for students with disabilities.

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Year: 1992

What did it accomplish?: The Act allowed students who are handicapped to learn in a general education classroom with extra support.

What makes it unique?: It ensured that children who were handicapped could be educated with children who were not handicapped.

Who does it benefit?: Students who are handicapped- allows them to learn in the same classroom/environment as students who are not handicapped.

Which pillars of Special Education does it address?: Nondiscriminatory- it prevented students who were handicapped from being segregated in a Special Education classroom.

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Common Name: ADA Amendments Act

Year: 2008

What did it accomplish?

This law was an Act created to re-establish the ADA Law of 1990. It was designed to restore protection over Americans with disabilities in public scenarios, services, and in employment. This act gave clarity and expanded upon the prior ADA Law of 1990. Under this law, the definition of “disability” was strengthened. The main goal of this Act was to influence some of the decisions made by the Supreme Court about who was classified as disabled.

What makes it unique?

The ADA Amendments Act was very unique because it was based entirely off of another Act. It gave focus more to whether a person could be labeled as disabled or not. It existed mainly because of certain court cases where the ADA law was not effective.

Implications:

This law was huge for the lives of those with a disability. It forced accommodations to be made for the disabled. Workplaces, businesses, other public places, and organizations had to adapt to accommodate these people.

Pillars:

The ADA Amendments Act goes along with the Least Restrictive Environment pillar. This is because the law supports those who are disabled in their need for special accommodations to be able to remain in the same environment as other people for work, education, etc

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Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act

2004

What this law accomplished was that no kid that hasn’t been tested for special needs cannot be denied the correct special education needs in the future even if the student is under disciplinary actions and what was unique was that this law has a loophole in it. If the kid is expelled from school then then the kid would not receive the same treatment.

-It benefitted students from not being excluded from the right education because of mistakes, it allowed parents to take a sigh of relief if the situation was presented to them, and teachers benefit from not having kids who aren’t suited for their class.

Pilars- once again I believe it is academics due to it talking about restricting basic rights over a mistake committed.

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Supreme Court Case: PARC VS Pennsylvania 

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Supreme Court Case: PARC VS Pennsylvania 

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Common Name: Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (PARC v. Pennsylvania)

Year: 1972

Proceedings: The case involved the Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens (PARC) challenging state laws that allowed schools to deny education to children with intellectual disabilities. The court ruled that the state could not deny an individual's right to equal access to education based on an intellectual or developmental disability status. The decision declared existing laws unconstitutional, stating that Pennsylvania was responsible for providing free public education to all children, regardless of disability.

What makes this case unique? - This decision marked a crucial step in establishing the principle that individuals born with intellectual disabilities should have the same access to education as the rest of the population.

Implications: The case had significant implications for students with disabilities, ensuring their right to free public education matching the quality provided to general students.

Pillars: The pillars of the PARC v. Pennsylvania case include the establishment of the right to education for individuals with intellectual disabilities, the recognition that the state is responsible for providing free public education to all children (FAPE), and the mandate that the quality of education and training for children with disabilities should match that of general students. The case contributed to the foundation of special education laws and practices that promote equal access to education for all students, regardless of their disability.

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Common Name: Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendments of 1997 (IDEA 1997)

Year: 1997

What did it accomplish?

IDEA of 1977 accomplished a handful of significant changes. It built up the curriculum and requirements of the learning of disabled persons. The Act also highlighted the need for access to the general education curriculum for disabled students. It encouraged general ed teachers to work with special ed teachers more, and including parents when making decisions about a disabled student’s education.

What makes it unique?

This Act is unique because it also builds upon an already existing Act (the original IDEA). It focused on inclusion, mainly in the classroom, but also in other areas as well.

Implications:

This required schools to pay closer attention to the education of disabled students. It also not only brought inclusion for the student/child but also for the parent.

Pillars:

IDEA of 1977 fits in with the FAPE, LRE, and IEP pillars. FAPE is found in this law because it re-establishes the right for the disabled to have a free and appropriate public education. LRE is pointed out because they must receive fair and tailored treatment. This Act also focused on monitoring the curriculum and progress made by the student (individualized education).

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Year: 2002

What did it accomplish?: It required schools to demonstrate their success in terms of academic achievement of every student.

What makes it unique?: The Act pushed for schools to give struggling students more attention, support, and help.

Who does it benefit?: Students who are considered minorities, specifically those who receive Special Education because it provides them with more academic attention.

Which pillars of Special Education does it address?: LRE-It gives students with disabilities additional support in the classroom.

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Board of Education v Rowley

Year: 1982

What did it accomplish?

It helped establish legal standards for the rights of the education for students with disabilities.

Why was it unique?

This case was unique because it helped create the legal foundation for special education. It highlighted that schools were responsible for accommodations that tailor to the needs of the students who are disabled. This accommodation must help them to stick to the general ed curriculum as closely as possible.

Implications:

This case gave a standard for students with disabilities to be able to follow the standard curriculum and get a normal general education.

Pillars:

This case focuses on IEP because it established the requirement for individualized education programs. Those also need to be closely monitored