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https://www.dreamstime.com/illustration/start.html

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Start Stock Illustrations – 406,441 Start Stock Illustrations, Vectors & Clipart - Dreamstime

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Download 406,441 Start Stock Illustrations, Vectors & Clipart for FREE or amazingly low rates! New users enjoy 60% OFF. 308,245,898 stock photos online.

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Native Americans 2200 B.C. to 1600 A.D.: Period Characteristics

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Native Americans 2200 B.C. to 1600 A.D.: Period Characteristics

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1. Oral literature: epic narratives, creation myths, stories, poems, songs.

2. Use stories to teach moral lessons and convey practical information about the natural world.

3. Deep respect for nature and animals.

4. Cyclical worldview.

5. Figurative language/parallelism.

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There is no Authors and work because all the Native American stories were said oraly.

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The Native Americans call America "Turtle Island."

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Most of the Native Americans spoke the language: Navajo

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2200 B.C.—Tower of Babel (Genesis 11:1-9)

2200 B.C. to 1600 A.D.

1607—Early settlement at Jamestown

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Puritanism and Early Settlement  of First "American" colonies: Period Characteristics

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Puritanism and Early Settlement  of First "American" colonies: Period Characteristics

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1600-1800

1. Wrote mostly diaries and histories, which expressed the connections between God and their everyday lives.
2. South to "purify" the Church of England by reforming to the simpler forms of worship and church organization described in the New Testament.
3. Saw religion as a personal, inner experience.
4. Believed in original sin and "elect" who would be saved.
5. Used a plain style of writing.

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Puritanism and Early Settlement  of First "American" colonies 1600-1800: Authors and Works.

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Puritanism and Early Settlement  of First "American" colonies 1600-1800: Authors and Works.

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William Bradford
-"Of Plymouth Plantation"

Anne Bradstreet (poetry)

John Edwards
-"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"

Edward Taylor
-"Huswifery"

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https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/anne-bradstreet

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Fact 2: Map of the early American colonies

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Fact 2: Map of the early American colonies

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https://www.britannica.com/topic/In-What-Order-Were-the-13-American-Colonies-Established

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1507: Early Settlement of the first American colonies - Jamestown

1692: Salem Witch Trials

1741: Jonathan Edwards "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"

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Rationalism / "The Age of Reason" / "The Enlightenment": Period Characteristics

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Rationalism / "The Age of Reason" / "The Enlightenment": Period Characteristics

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1. Mostly comprised of philosophers, scientists, writing speeches and pamphlets

2. Human beings can arrive at truth (God's rules) by using deductive reasoning, rather than relying on the authority of the past, on religious faith, or intuition

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Rationalism / "The Enlightenment" / "The Age of Reason": Authors and Works.

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Rationalism / "The Enlightenment" / "The Age of Reason": Authors and Works.

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Benjamin Franklin
—Autobiography

Patrick Henry
—"Speech to the Virginia Convention"

Thomas Paine
—"The Crisis"

Phyllis Wheatley
—poetry

The Constitution

The Bill of Rights

The Declaration of Independence

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Fact 1: illustration of notable Enlightenment philosophers: John Locke

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Fact 1: illustration of notable Enlightenment philosophers: John Locke

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https://www.laphamsquarterly.org/contributors/locke

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https://aeon.co/ideas/why-the-enlightenment-was-not-the-age-of-reason

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1607 Early Settlement—Jamestown

1775-1783 Revolutionary War

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Transcendentalism / "The American Renaissance": Period Characteristics. 

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Transcendentalism / "The American Renaissance": Period Characteristics. 

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1. Everything in the world, including human beings, is a reflection of the Divine Soul.

2. People can use their intuition to behold God's spirit revealed in nature or in their own souls.

3. Self-reliance and individualism must outweigh external authority and link conformity to tradition.

4. Important social and political movements include the Abolitionist, Utopian, and Women's Suffrage Movements

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Transcendentalism/ "The American Renaissance": Authors and works.

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Transcendentalism/ "The American Renaissance": Authors and works.

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Ralph Waldo Emerson
—Nature
—"Self-Reliance"

Henry David Thoreau
—Walden
—Life in the Woods

Louisa May Alcott
—Little Women

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fact 1: Transcendentalism and its key authors

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fact 1: Transcendentalism and its key authors

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https://americanlit215.weebly.com/transcendentalism.html

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fact 2: Henry David Thoreau quote- I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived.

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fact 2: Henry David Thoreau quote- I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived.

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https://www.facebook.com/groups/52618154421/posts/10155531560774422/

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1840-1860
Transcendentalism

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1. Valued feeling, intuition, idealism, and inductive reasoning.

2. Placed faith in inner experience and the power of the imagination.

3. Shunned the artificiality of civilization and sought unspoiled nature as a path to spirituality.

4. Championed individual freedom and the worth of the individual

5. Saw poetry as the highest expression of the imagination

6. Dark Romantics: used dark and supernatural themes/settings (Gothic style)

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Washington Irving
—"Rip van Winkle"

Emily Dickinson
—poetry

Walt Whitman
—Leaves of Grass

Edgar Allan Poe
—"The Raven"

Nathaniel Hawthorne
—The Scarlet Letter

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Fact 1: California Gold Rush: 1848–1855:

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Fact 1: California Gold Rush: 1848–1855:

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The California Gold Rush happened from 1848 to 1855, when thousands of people rushed to California in search of gold.
It connects to Romanticism because it inspired ideas about adventure, freedom, and chasing your own dreams.

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The War of 1812 happened from 1812 to 1815 between the U.S. and Britain. Britain was playing around with American ships and trade.
Even though no one really “won,” the Americans felt proud and more united.

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1800-1860

The War of 1812
1812-1815

California Gold Rush
1848–1855

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The Salem Witch Trials/ Hawthorne vs. Hathorne. fact 1:

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The Salem Witch Trials/ Hawthorne vs. Hathorne. fact 1:

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Hawthorne added a “w” to his last name because he felt guilty about his ancestors being involved in the Salem Witch Trials.

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nathaniel-Hawthorne

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Nathaniel Hawthorne (born July 4, 1804, Salem, Massachusetts, U.S.-died May 19, 1864, Plymouth, New Hampshire) is one of the greatest fiction writers of 19th-century American literature. A master of the allegorical and symbolic tale, he remains best known for the novels The Scarlet Letter (1850) and The House of the Seven Gables (1851).

Ancestry and early years

Hawthorne's ancestors had lived in Salem, Massachusetts, since the 17th century. His earliest American ancestor was William Hathorne, a magistrate who was a staunch defender of Puritan orthodoxy, with its zealous advocacy of a "pure," unaffected form of religious worship, its rigid adherence to a simple, almost severe, mode of life, and its conviction of the "natural depravity" of "fallen" humankind. (Hawthorne added a w to his surname when he began to write.) Among Hathorne's actions as magistrate was sentencing a Quaker woman to public whipping.

Hawthorne was later to wonder whether the decline of his family's prosperity and prominence during the 18th century, while other Salem families were growing wealthy from the lucrative shipping trade, might not be a retribution for this act and for the role of William Hathorne's son John as one of three judges in the Salem witchcraft trials that began in 1692.

When Nathaniel's father-a ship's captain-died during one of his voyages, he left his young widow without means to care for her two girls and Nathaniel, who was four years old. She moved in with her affluent brothers, the Mannings. Hawthorne grew up in their house in Salem and, for extensive periods during his teens, in Raymond, Maine, on the shores of Sebago Lake.

He returned to Salem in 1825 after four years at Bowdoin College, in Brunswick, Maine. Hawthorne did not distinguish himself as a young man. Instead, he spent nearly a dozen years reading and trying to master the art of writing fiction.

First works and the Transcendentalists

In college Hawthorne had excelled only in composition and had decided to become a writer. Upon graduation, he wrote Fanshawe, a novel that he published at his own expense-and then tried to destroy all copies after deciding it was unworthy of him.

Hawthorne, however, soon found his own voice, style, and subjects, and within five years of his graduation he had published "The Hollow of the Three Hills" and "An Old Woman's Tale", both notable short stories. By 1832, "My Kinsman, Major Molineux" and "Roger Malvin's Burial," considered two of his greatest tales, had been published. "Young Goodman Brown," a gripping tale of witchcraft, appeared in 1835.

His increasing success in placing his stories brought him a little fame. Unwilling to depend any longer on his uncles' generosity, he turned to a job in the Boston Custom House, which he held from 1839 to 1840, and for six months in 1841 he was a resident at the agricultural cooperative Brook Farm, a utopian experiment in West Roxbury, Massachusetts. Even when the first book to be published under his name, Twice-Told Tales, was released in 1837, he gained gratifying recognition but no dependable income.

By 1842, however, Hawthorne's writing had brought him a sufficient income to allow him to marry Sophia Peabody. The couple rented a house called the Old Manse in Concord, Massachusetts, and they began a happy three-year period that Hawthorne would later record in his essay "The Old Manse."

The presence in Concord of some of the leading social thinkers and philosophers of his day, including Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry Thoreau, and Bronson Alcott, made the village the center of the philosophy of Transcendentalism, which encouraged individuals to transcend the materialistic world of experience and facts and become conscious of the pervading spirit of the universe and the potentialities for human freedom. Hawthorne welcomed the companionship of his Transcendentalist neighbors, but he had little to say to them. Artists and intellectuals never inspired his full confidence, but he thoroughly enjoyed the visit of his old college friend and classmate Franklin Pierce, later to become president of the United States.

At the Old Manse, Hawthorne continued to write stories, with the same result as before: literary success, monetary failure. His new short-story collection, Mosses from an Old Manse, appeared in 1846.

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Nathaniel Hawthorne | Biography, Books, Short Stories, & Analysis

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Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-64) is one of the greatest fiction writers of 19th-century America. A novelist and short-story writer, he was a master of the allegorical and symbolic tale. Hawthorne is best known for the novels The Scarlet Letter (1850) and The House of the Seven Gables (1851).

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The Salem Witch Trials/ The Scarlet Letter. Fact 2:

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The Salem Witch Trials/ The Scarlet Letter. Fact 2:

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His most famous novel, The Scarlet Letter, which was released in 1850, spoke about sin, guilt, and morality in Puritan society.

https://www.tometailor.com/articles/scarlet-letter-themes?utm_source=chatgpt.com

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The Scarlet Letter Themes: Delving into Hawthorne’s Exploration of Sin and Guilt

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Examine the prevalent themes of sin and guilt in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, and their importance to the novel’s story and characters.

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https://aaregistry.org/story/tupac-shakur-was-a-rap-legend-and-singular-artist/

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Fact 1: Tupac was trained in performing arts- jazz, ballet, and acting

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Fact 1: Tupac was trained in performing arts- jazz, ballet, and acting

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He attended the Baltimore School for the Arts and joined the theatre club, "Harlem Repertory Ensemble."

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.quora.com/Tupac-did-ballet-and-theater-growing-up-Do-you-think-that-his-Thug-persona-was-all-an-act&ved=2ahUKEwiZ3YLSp4WSAxVAVaQEHY0FOkQQFnoECCUQAQ&usg=AOvVaw3ZqOfhas_85z19FTxBbGO2

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Fact 2: Tupac was a poet long before he became a rapper. 

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Fact 2: Tupac was a poet long before he became a rapper. 

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He became a poet because it helped him escape reality for a while. A way to feel safe and calm. He was struggling and in trouble due to his mom being a cocaine addict, which led to his dealing drugs.

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://powerpoetry.org/famous-poet/2-pac%23:~:text%3DTupac%2520began%2520his%2520music%2520career,addict%2520and%2520him%2520dealing%2520drugs.&ved=2ahUKEwj6s9jzqIWSAxXQUaQEHTxVIrMQFnoECGMQAw&usg=AOvVaw1NdR2hTqMbMamEsEyQhhaV

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Fact 3: Tupac was an exceptional artist who specialized in hip-hop music. 

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Fact 3: Tupac was an exceptional artist who specialized in hip-hop music. 

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His lyrics weren't just songs, but related to world problems put into such a great perspective. His death shocked the world. He was shot in Las Vegas by a drive-by shooter, leaving him dead at the young age of 25 years old.

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.britannica.com/story/who-killed-tupac-shakur&ved=2ahUKEwj896e8yoaSAxXPWUEAHS5cKEwQFnoECEcQAQ&usg=AOvVaw0A864AImX5evKKoRkUlyfh

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https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Emily_Dickinson

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Fact 1: Emily had such a unique way of writing. She enjoyed writing about deep topics like death, nature, faith, and many other things. She wrote a lot, with limited materials; she used little paper to write on. After writing each of her poems, she would then sew them into her little booklets, which were then discovered after her death. 

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Fact 1: Emily had such a unique way of writing. She enjoyed writing about deep topics like death, nature, faith, and many other things. She wrote a lot, with limited materials; she used little paper to write on. After writing each of her poems, she would then sew them into her little booklets, which were then discovered after her death. 

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https://www.edickinson.org

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Fact 2: Emily was raised and lived in Amherst, Massachusetts. She loved baking, gardening, and reading. It was Emily who was fond of the idea of putting her mind and energy into writing so many poems. In her life she has written around 1,800 poems. 

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Fact 2: Emily was raised and lived in Amherst, Massachusetts. She loved baking, gardening, and reading. It was Emily who was fond of the idea of putting her mind and energy into writing so many poems. In her life she has written around 1,800 poems. 

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https://www.emilydickinsonmuseum.org

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Fact 3: Emily Dickinson's legacy still carried on after her death. Her sister, going through her stuff after her death, found that her publishers had changed her style of writing and added multiple things. Although her edited poems were popular, they were not hers in a way that they had changed her words and style. Later, a scholar named Thomas H. Johnson decided to publish her original poems, showing the world her words as she wrote it. 

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Fact 3: Emily Dickinson's legacy still carried on after her death. Her sister, going through her stuff after her death, found that her publishers had changed her style of writing and added multiple things. Although her edited poems were popular, they were not hers in a way that they had changed her words and style. Later, a scholar named Thomas H. Johnson decided to publish her original poems, showing the world her words as she wrote it. 

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https://library.harvard.edu/libraries/houghton

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https://www.themarginalian.org/2023/07/18/louisa-may-alcott-marriage/

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Fact 1: Louisa's family was very poor. When she was asked to write a book for kids, at first she declined. Then later she wrote a book based on her childhood, due to needing money for herself and her family. That book, which is called "Little Women," became a very famous book, leading her family to a well-financial stage. 

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Fact 1: Louisa's family was very poor. When she was asked to write a book for kids, at first she declined. Then later she wrote a book based on her childhood, due to needing money for herself and her family. That book, which is called "Little Women," became a very famous book, leading her family to a well-financial stage. 

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https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2018/12/little-women-louisa-may-alcott-book/578572/

https://www.virago.co.uk/titles/louisa-may-alcott/little-women/9780349011820/

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Fact 2: Louisa and her family helped slaves escape. Her family believed strongly in equality for all. Her parents lived in Massachusetts, under a railroad. They helped slaves escape secretly to live their lives freely. This was a dangerous move back then because it was illegal, but they did what they believed was right. 

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Fact 2: Louisa and her family helped slaves escape. Her family believed strongly in equality for all. Her parents lived in Massachusetts, under a railroad. They helped slaves escape secretly to live their lives freely. This was a dangerous move back then because it was illegal, but they did what they believed was right. 

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https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/tri034.html

https://storyoftheweek.loa.org/2012/09/an-hour.html

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Fact 3: Louisa was serving as a nurse during the Civil War. When Louisa found out about the war, she wanted to help as much as possible. She then went to Washington, D.C., to help out as a nurse to those soldiers who were harmed during the war. Due to being exposed to many bacteria and illnesses, she then fell very sick, which she carried with her throughout the rest of her life. 

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Fact 3: Louisa was serving as a nurse during the Civil War. When Louisa found out about the war, she wanted to help as much as possible. She then went to Washington, D.C., to help out as a nurse to those soldiers who were harmed during the war. Due to being exposed to many bacteria and illnesses, she then fell very sick, which she carried with her throughout the rest of her life. 

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https://www.masshist.org/features/alcott

https://louisamayalcottismypassion.com/2015/03/25/like-louisa-may-alcott-many-women-served-as-civil-war-nurses-in-various-capacities/

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The reason the trials started was due to two young girls, Betty Paris and Abigail Williams. They started to act weird due to being caught in an absurd scene of dancing around the fire in the woods at night. To get out of trouble, they decided to accuse 3 others of witchcraft. This occurred in February 1692.

https://www.history.com/articles/salem-witch-trials

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Salem Witch Trials - Events, Facts & Victims | HISTORY

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The infamous Salem witch trials were a series of prosecutions for witchcraft starting in 1692 in Salem Village, Massachusetts. Learn about what led to the allegations and the hundreds of people who were were accused.

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McCarthy gave a speech on February 9, 1950. His speech claimed to have a list of 205 communists working in the state department. This process was called McCarthyism.

https://www.mediastorehouse.com/fine-art-storehouse/bettmann-archive/joseph-mccarthy-holding-documents-39187075.html