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Creation, Expansion, & Interaction of Economic Systems

● Agricultural/Pastoral Systems

● Economic Systems

● Labor & Organization Systems

● Industrialization

● Technology & Industry

● Capital & Money

● Business Organizations

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Interactions between Humans & Environment

● Disease

● Major Cities

● Settlement Patterns

● Urbanization

● Migrations/Movements

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Power & State Building

● Leaders/Groups

● Revolts/Revolutions

● Nationalism/Nations

● Political Structures

● Courts/Laws

● Empires

● State Building & Expansion

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Development & Interaction of Cultures

● Religions, Belief Systems, Teachings, Philosophy

● Holy Books

● Key figures & Deities

● Education,

● Technology

● Transportation

● Innovations

● Writing & Literature

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S = Social

P = Political

I = Interactions with the Environment

C = Cultural

E = Economic

Used to analyze events

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Development & Transformation of Social Structures

● Family/Kinship

● Racial/Ethnic factors

● Lifestyles

● Gender Roles/Relationships

● Social & Economic Classes

● Entertainment

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How do people earn their food? Is it based on agriculture, commerce, small trades or

professions, or industry, like manufacturing or technology? Where's the money? What are

the valued and traded commodities? What technologies or industries define culture?

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In what geographic region is the culture/civilization located? What geographic landscape makes up the region? How are the people/events affected by the geography? How do the people interact with their environment? How does the environment define the culture/civilization?

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Who is in charge? What is power based on? Who gives that person or group power? Is there a contract? What is the government structure? Are there significant wars, treaties, courts, or laws?

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What is the meaning of life for people living in this society? How do they spend their lives? What are the basic religious beliefs? Are there leaders or documents that define religion? What groups are given the chance to learn? How do people learn? Do the people have any form of philosophy, math, or science? How do they express themselves? What technology or resources are given to art? Do the people have any significant achievements in the arts, music, writing, or literature?

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How does the group relate to one another? How do people communicate? What do people do together? How is the group organized? What are the family and gender relations? Are there social classes? How do they live? Are there inequalities?

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Context/Facts about enslavement in the Americas

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cash crops

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Laws, power

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gender, perspectives

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The economy was based on agriculture they would farm. Their economy was based on slaves to do farming for them. They would make money by mainly trading goods and people(slaves).

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The Colombian Exchange brought diseases to the New World such as smallpox, measles, etc, to the Americas, causing a decline in human population

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Colonist white European people were in charge. The king of the European colonies gave the colonists the power to be in charge of the African slaves. The king (Leader) gave orders to them. The government structure was that the king had the most power out of everyone. There were a lot of significant laws that the king had for the slaves to follow and masters to keep everyone in order.

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People would contribute to the economy by growing cash crops and selling them for money. Another way people made money was through slave labor, they made money through this since they would make their slaves do all their work and not have to pay them for their efforts, making them more money. Overall the economy was based off of agriculture and being able to grow and sell valuable crops.

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Who had power was the king of France, Louis XLV he wanted everyone to be Catholic and be baptized. We know the King of France doesn't like other religions, he states that whoever breaks the rules will be punished. The structure for power is very strong. We see the King of France has authority and power, and we see so many rules they establish to keep order in religion, and they also wanted expansion because they wanted the population of Catholics to grow and expand.

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Plantations such as the ones in the Caribbean and the Americas enforced labor on slaves, having power over them and the ability to punish if they do not comply.

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They wear laws that affected the black people that wear the black codes as if they ran away it would affect them because they would get whipped or get their ears cut off and as the political power the white people had over the slaves and how it created it controversy on how they wear like and also being limited to food and clothes that affected them not being provided to have resources

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People used to earn their food by Agriculture and as well small trades. Agriculture was done by slaves they got the resources and then the people would sell it for money and trade valuable goods as well which earned a lot of money to the colonists and government. Agriculture and trade were the industries that define the culture.

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A group can relate through gender. And experience what they went through and how their master or mistress treated them. And they can connect through that

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A group can relate through gender. And experience what they went through and how their master or mistress treated them. And they can connect through that

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For social, when African Americans' gender roles played an important role in their lives since they had to live apart from each other, for example, women worked on farms and plantations, or in household and pick cotton and wool do their work and for the man they had to hard and physical work; man and women they could not communicate and how male play important role since male in gender role. Since they need mostly more men for hard work and women, and sometimes they would need women for household work.

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Cash crops such as tobacco, sugar cane, and cotton were sold as products for profitable exchange. Slave owners/Plantation owners earned this through their slaves' exhausting labor.

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The group relates to one another through gender. They relate to each other through gender by telling each other about the things they have gone through and things they can relate to because they have the same gender.

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The European people create laws that especially affect the Free negroes. These laws were called the black codes this make the Europeans in power because these free negroes live under strict conditions. These laws show that they were treated as less than humans, and if they don't follow the law,s they get punishments.

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Groups like royal families and people with higher authority had high power (mostly Europeans), while other people from other countries, like Africa, had lower status in the hierarchy and had different lifestyles depending on their status. Enslaved people had jobs and a lower status. If they were males, they had more hands-on jobs, while females had less demanding jobs, and lived in worse conditions compared to higher-ranking people.

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In the New World, the European colonists had the most power. They had the most power since they viewed everyone else as below them and because they had more rights than everyone else, like for example the enslaved and freed people. They had less freedom than everyone else and were always looked down upon and viewed as "property"

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For social, you are born into an enslaved family, you will immediately be put to work since you came from the same lineage as the ensalved family, then there's the royal family you can be born into, which has a higher status in the hierarchy. Gender plays a good role in society because men have more demanding jobs like working on plantations and carrying resources, unlike women; they would be working outside as well, but with less demanding jobs like cleaning, washing clothes, bringing in resources like water, and such.

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The definition of Social is relationships that are established and that keep the members of a society united.

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The interactions they had was about how due to migration and the trade market how the diseases spread all around the places and the Colombian exchange played a major factor due to new animals being brought and causing people to get sick and people losing their lives due to it

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The Colombian exchange brought a lot of disease to the native/ indigenous people and it created a massive decline in the native population. This happened in Central America. People were also affected in other ways because they were introduced to other foods from other problems which created a cultural diffusion.

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The King of France and Navarre (Louis XIV) enforced catholicism on his people living in France. If one does not convert to catholicism, then their marriage shall not count later on.

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They related to eachother by their gender like enslaved women who had social and economic that were production,providing domestic service for their owners, reproduction of labor supply, family life and resistance

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White European people were in charge. The leader of European colonies gave colonists the power to be in charge of enslaved Africans.The governments structure was that the king has the most power. There were a lot of laws that the king had for the slaves to follow and keep everyone in order.

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They would interact with the environment by clearing out some land to plant tobacco and other plants since they needed a larger space to plant those type of plants. These were called plantations that they used to plant all types of plants. They also used water to transport and move slaves to the Americas.

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For socials and Gender Roles and relationships, the men and the women had different roles and were treated differently. Now in the New World, there is still some Gender discrimination between men and women, but not as bad as it was back then. Back in the Old World, and when salvery was still a thing, men were considered more hardworking and women were mainly used for other bodies and in a more sexual way, if not, they were working in the fields and on the plantations. Either way, men were getting treated better, I wouldn't say the best, but better than women. I feel as if women were seen more as objects. Enslaved people were also given white people's names and also getting there identity taken away from them and were called weird, catcalling names, but they never had an option to defend themselves; they just had to stay and deal with it because if they ever were to show resistance,e they would get punished. Now in the new world, women get their justice and are getting treated better, even though some people still have the opinion that ''men are better than women. ''

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The groups were related to each other through gender because of their roles. For instance, women's roles were usually on farms, plantations, or in households. Men's roles were more physical, harder, and heavier.

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We see that the Colombian Exchange brought many diseases, it also caused the population to decrease also see that it brought a good effect, such as crops, animals, but it also brought the spread of diseases. It impacted the native americans' population. It played a major role in society

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New York City was a major and direct beneficiary of enslaved labor.

White indentured women were not

slaves even though they were treated harshly and Indigenous woman were the first to become enslaved

priest would stop weddings between slaves if it appears that they do not have their "masters' permission"

slaves "masters" would hurt the slaves for fun and for the smallest inconvenient.

The king named Louis XIV would force their religion onto the salves and they would also baptized the slaves.

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Gender and perspectives connect with social because as people go through things they look/stumble upon for people who have had similar experiences and they connect with each other based off of those experiences, which leads to more socializing and exchange of meaningful conversations, like how maybe enslaved Africans or Africans after being free’d would be alone and vent to each other about what happened to them

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Some interactions that they made were the Columbian exchange, the Columbian exchange was a lot of trades that they made. The Columbian exchange also brought diseases to America and caused a lot of deaths. Also, they interact with the environment by planting crops that they use to sell and trade.

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The interactions people had with the cultural beliefs wear to people fighting because of religion interactions not wanting to believe in a certain thing or wanting to believe in their own god that lead to disagreements because people would get kicked out from their homes if they didn’t believe in the good the government choose or they would need to accept that religion and how technology kept increasing to certain places laws being placed due to cultural differences 

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The interactions people had with the cultural beliefs wear to people fighting because of religion interactions not wanting to believe in a certain thing or wanting to believe in their own god that lead to disagreements because people would get kicked out from their homes if they didn’t believe in the good the government choose or they would need to accept that religion and how technology kept increasing to certain places laws being placed due to cultural differences 

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For writing and Literature, they would express themselves by writing, for example, in source D we can see how a women is a household and she discribe what it like to be a women in slave and she describe how she get punishment it dreadful and the whip and how she descibe the women as cruel and how the women fearful and a savage mistress to her. how she expresses themselves by writing about what happened to her and how the world can hear about how slavery was back then for women, and how it was a bad experience.

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The Columbian Exchange introduced things that had different impacts like when it brought diseases(smallpox and measles) to the Americas, which then led to a large drop in the number of the people living there.(deaths)

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The relationship between men and women was they were constantly being treated differently. Women's played a important role in production, providing Domestic service for owner, reproducing labor supply, family life and in household while men worked mostly outside and did most of the hard work since they believed they were stronger workers than women.

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Typically it would be a king. Like the king of France Louis XIV. Or Europeans and slave owners

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Typically it would be a king. Like the king of France Louis XIV. Or Europeans and slave owners

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People with power can be Christopher Columbus and King Louis XIV because Christopher brought in the Columbian exchange, which led to advanced technology for trading and exchanging resources, as well as growing them (cash crops)- King Louis XIV obtained power by being able to control his army, taking control of France, his law enforcement, and being able to go to war and be at peace with war. How does religion come into play? King Louis XIV shifted everyone to being Catholic and with this his laws came into play like refusing to convert to Catholic, those would be punished. King Lous XIV put catholicism into play with his power by expanding catholicism even more.

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They were laws or rules that the french made like forbidding other religions other ran Roman catholic and forbidding to hold slaves markets or any markets on sundays

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enslaved people couldnt do much and people couldnt do much to enslaved or they would be punished

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Who was in charge was King Louis, and his power was based on religion, Catholic, and he wanted every person to be baptized, and if they weren't, they were punished. He had power by the grace of god.

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Europeans not only enslaved Africans but also indigenous people in the Americas. These groups are related because they took their freedom from their own land and treated them like animals, working hard day and night, they both went through the same pain and work. This group was organized by laws keeping them in order and preventing disobedience. Men worked on the farms and mostly hard physical work, and Women worked in the master's house like a maid and sometimes picking up cotton. Both groups lived in the same poor conditions but separately from each other no communication among them. There were no inequalities both were traded the same way.

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I believe that it was more the colonists and the White European people. But the King of France, Louis XLV, gave the white masters power and control to give the American / African slaves rules and order. The king doesn't like other regions that aren't his own, so slaves were forced to support other religions they don't agree with, or they would be punished. So for the sake of their lives, slaves had to follow rules that weren't unfair or too much. The king of France had a lot of authority and power. In the source, French Colonies it kind of explains why this source was made. It was too have authority and protect the Europeans.

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In the early ages, Europeans had different empires all over with rulers. Their power is based on the hierarchy they had with kings and rulers. The kings gave orders to a lot of people to have power and keep people in charge.

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Many slaves or free negroes express or show how they feel by writing their view points and they daily life like the source D describe the scary moments that she live being a slave and the things she need to do.

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For business organizations, they would use crop and tobacco, and sugarcane and, and they would gain profit from them were sold as products for profitable exchange by slaves they would do that by slaves and labor it they would make this crop and how they would be tired and feel like their arm are going to fall off and how they had no mercy for them they only thought about the money

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The Europeans were in charge, the power was based on using Africans as slaves, the King was the one who gave the power to use Africans as slaves, the rules that the King set were not to follow any other religion, the King wanted the Catholic expansion to grow even more, the laws that the king set were to keep the region in order and that they were obeyed.

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Who had power was the king of France, Louis XLV he wanted everyone to be Catholic and be baptized. We know the King of France doesn't like other religions, he states that whoever breaks the rules will be punished. The structure for power is very strong. We see the King of France has authority and power, and we see so many rules they establish to keep order in religion, and they also wanted expansion because they wanted the population of Catholics to grow and expand.

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In France, the king enforced laws that made it so you had to be catholic in order to get married, sometimes to even be in the villages that were under French rule. This means that if you did not convert to catholicism, you would be denied many rights.

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The Columbian Exchange brought diseases such as smallpox, the measles to the Americans, which caused a decline in population since a lot of people were dying due to the diseases.

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We see that the Columbian Exchange brought many diseases; it also caused the population to decrease. Although it also brought some good effects, such as crops, animals, it spread diseases. It impacted the native americans' population. It played a major role in society

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They used cultural and religion to control people by forcing people to convert and if they didn't they would be punished or kicked out.

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The economy was based on agriculture (farming). It was based on slaves that did the farming for them. They make money by mainly trading goods and slaves, they would also have cash crops.

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Selling crops and slavery and tabbaco, cotton ,sugar cane and how the resources wear so cheap they would just have slaves do all the work and just sell the crops for higher prices and would have them work until death because they wear profitable for markets as they brought more revenue for them and made the markets fuller due to them working all the time without breaks 

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Selling crops and slavery and tabbaco, cotton ,sugar cane and how the resources wear so cheap they would just have slaves do all the work and just sell the crops for higher prices and would have them work until death because they wear profitable for markets as they brought more revenue for them and made the markets fuller due to them working all the time without breaks 

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When the Spanish colonizers came to the americas, they also brought diseases with them which said diseases ended up killing many of the indigenous people of the land due to their bodies not being used to the illnesses they are being faced with.

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Humans would interact with the environment in many ways. A major example is how they migrated throughout a lot of lands through major cities. A downside is how they brought many things from where they came from, such as disease. An example of this is the Columbian exchange, where many things were brought and spread into the Americas from Europe.

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For business organizations, they would use crop and tobacco, and sugarcane and, and they would gain profit from them were sold as products for profitable exchange by slaves they would do that by slaves and labor it they would make this crop and how they would be tired and feel like their arm are going to fall off and how they had no mercy for them they only thought about the money

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The purpose of life for these people was that people of color had to do all of the hard and dirty work. While the white Europeans had the most power due to their skin color. They did not do anything most of the time, only giving out orders for those working in the fields and getting beaten. Their beliefs were that people of color had no right/ freedom and Christianity was the only true religion, and everyone who believed in any other religion would be forced into baptism into Christianity. White people were given the chance to learn and have an education. People learned by going to school. People used to express themselves by writing.

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Many of them gain money by trading crops. Some crops that they plant were tobacco, cotton, and sugar cane these crops help them to trade or sell it to other people. This crops were very profitable because most of them doesn't need a lot of work and grow fast so they will have a lot of them in a short period of time.

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The native and indigenous people suffered from many diseases that caused the population to decrease because of all the deaths that were occurring. What caused this was the Columbian Exchange. They interacted with the environment because they were planting crops and using them to sell and trade.

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For social, when African Americans' gender roles played an important role in their lives since they had to live apart from each other, for example, women worked on farms and plantations, or in household and pick cotton and wool do their work and for the man they had to hard and physical work; man and women they could not communicate and how male play important role since male in gender role. Since they need mostly more men for hard work and women, and sometimes they would need women for household work.

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People were also migrating because of the diseases, since people didn't want to get sick or die, so they had to find other places to live. Slaves were also forced to migrate to other lands where they didn't know the language or the environment to work and trade. There were also a lot of trades happening. People also had to migrate their homes and leave somewhere else because they couldn't afford where they were living anymore, or they were forced to move to another land by a more powerful tribe to survive. They also had to find other things too live out of, just in case their resources weren't enough to provide anymore, so they had to migrate for better tools, etc.

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They used cultural/religion to control people. They would force people to convert to their religion or whatever they believed in and if they resisted or chose not to, they would be punished or sometimes kicked out.

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For writing and Literature, they would express themselves by writing, for example, in source D we can see how a women is a household and she discribe what it like to be a women in slave and she describe how she get punishment it dreadful and the whip and how she descibe the women as cruel and how the women fearful and a savage mistress to her. how she expresses themselves by writing about what happened to her and how the world can hear about how slavery was back then for women, and how it was a bad experience.

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As in source d it talks about how a girl was telling her emotions and how she felt and people showing their emotions being used for their own beliefs as for cleaning and many more things the masters would make them do and the gender would play a role because of how women wear treated differently than man being designed to serve in the insides of a masters home being manipulated and just feeling like their worthless

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What the power was based on was who had the most power, the kings had the most power over the europeans and the catholic and the catholic had more power over the slaves.Who was in charged was the colonist europeans.

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During the Middle Passage, they moved to the Americas

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During the Middle Passage, they moved to the Americas

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Cash crops connect with interactions to the environment because they would migrate enslaved Africans to work on their fields so that they could profit from their labor. The Europeans would make a settlement with mainly poc, and make an agreement to work for them after a few years and they would be rewarded at the end of their settlement

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Social status depended on who you were, if you owned land you were more respected, if you were enslaved you were at the bottom of the hierarchy and not respected at all usually.

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During the middle passage they where like not treated right they were shackled together and in close spaces

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During the middle passage they where like not treated right they were shackled together and in close spaces

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The Colombian exchange brought with it diseases, this caused losses of some people and society diminished.

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They relate to each other by gender, like women relate to each other because they are women, and men relate to each other because they are the same gender. Other people relate to each other by the roles they have or because they have the same interest.

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For cultural reasons, a lot of religions weren't allowed to live in certain places or were kicked out due to their religion. For example, in the source ''The Black Codes the King of France enforced laws that you had to be catholic either way to get married. The King of France also kicked out the people who weren't from his region. You would also be denied many right,s and you weren't allowed to be married. You had a lot of restrictions living in France.

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People earned food by farming and having a great agricultural life. They also traded a lot with a lot of different people. A lot of people grew crops for themselves, but also grew cash crops to earn money and trade them with other people. They would use slaves to help them and also sell them.

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the Columbian Exchange brought diseases that wiped away more than half of Native Americans and with that they would remove or take over land to grow cash crops and while taking over those lands they would enslave people for labor work.

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They used culture and religion to have power over the people. For example, King Louis wasn't accepting people who weren't Catholic, so the people were being punished.

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Socials is where people are all together meeting or greeting others from different cultures or probably even from others states

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The king of france used religion has a method to control. He forced religion on everyone and wanted them to be catholic. Those who weren’t catholic and baptized he didn’t accept. For instance he forbids any other religion other than catholic from being practiced in public if so they were punished. He would give all these orders to people and if they didn’t follow them they were punished.

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The people would earn their money by helping trade goods, growing crops, using slave labor, selling tobacco, and/or cotton.

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The economy was based on trading and farming. A lot of people would grow cash crops and sell them for money. Slave labor was also a way to make money and increase production. When the people would sell their slaves, they would also make a lot of profit off them. The slaves had to do all of their work for them and get all of their money FOR them and not get anything of it. To sum it all up most of the agriculture was done by slaves.

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Different of the columbian exchange brought different types of diseases to the new world.

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The basic beliefs at this time were Catholicism, which was forced on by many kings and rulers. They couldn't be in any other religion either unless they wanted to be punished.

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Their culture whilst being enslaved was hard to express/maintain, food and writing was one of their main ways to express their culture, a key figure for the enslaved people were Harriet Tubman because of the hope they had that she’d help them become free

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Religion and the rules that the king made based on religion, caused some people to disagree with these rules.