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The theory of humanism is used in both teaching and learning. Humanistic teachers experience difficulty with this theory because it is often at odds with society, which focuses on education instead of the student.

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The roots of humanism can be traced back to Erasmus (1466-1536), who believed that learning happens in steps and should not be hurried. Rousseau (1712-1778) cultivated these beliefs into an educational philosophy that asserts that the learner should control their destiny. This theory has been modernized and is currently practiced in classrooms.

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Humanism can hold multiple meanings. Here is the definition that I think fits with the reading:

"...a doctrine, attitude, or way of life centered on human interests or values; especially: a philosophy that usually rejects supernaturalism and stresses an individual's dignity and worth and capacity for self-realization through reason."

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Humanists do not believe in the soul. They believe that consciousness comes from living in a human body. Once the human body dies, consciousness goes away. The world is only a physical world with nothing beyond it. The universe is based upon chance. Reality is only what you can perceive with your senses. Humanists don't believe in spirituality but only in what you can prove.

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Humanistic ethics are only concerned with human needs and problems without regard for any sort of deity.

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Humanists believe that human survival and happiness depends on the existence is flourishing society, so they favor human rights and democratic principles.

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Humanistic truth aligns with modern science and aesthetic values.

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Religious values brought forth by Catholics and Protestants found their way into Humanism in the form of individual freedom.

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Fundamental Principles of Education and Humanism

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Fundamental Principles of Education and Humanism

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1. Students learn best what they want and need to know.

2. Knowing how to learn is better than acquiring knowledge.

3. Self-evaluation is the only meaningful evaluation.

4. Feelings are as important as facts.

5. Students learn best in a non-threatening environment.

Gage and Berliner (1991)

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1. Promote positive self-direction and independence

2. Develop the ability to take responsibility for what is learned

3. Develop Creativity

4. Curiosity

5. An interest in the Arts

Gage and Berliner (1991)

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Some ways Teachers can implement humanist view:

1. Allow students to have a choice in the selection of tasks and activities whenever possible.

2. Help students learn to set realistic goals.

3. Have students participate in group work

4. Facilitate group discussions

5. Be a role model and share yourself with your students.

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The humanistic curriculum was made up almost entirely of Latin and Greek grammar and the classics.

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Strenuous oral and written exams were used to decide if a student was worthy enough to move on to the next level.

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The humanist views the student as a whole organism constantly interacting with the environment.

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Humanism is criticized for throwing out morality and viewing truth as constantly changing rather than being absolute.

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Humanistic education is favorable for democracy because it requires its citizens to be educated.