# data[].attributes.body
On December 7, 1941, Japan did a surprise aerial attack on the US naval base at Pearl Harbor on Oahu Island, Hawaii. This caused the entry of the United States into WWII. In only about an hour, the Japanese destroyed more than 180 aircraft and destroyed or damaged more than a dozen ships, and killed more than 2,400 US military members and civilians and were killed. By mid-1941, the United States had severed all economic relations with Japan and was providing resources to China while Japan was at war with China since 1937. In the short-term, the Japanese were successful with this attack.

https://www.britannica.com/event/Pearl-Harbor-attack

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The Eastern Front began in 1941 when Germany attacked the Soviet Union. It covered a large area from the north to the south of Eastern Europe.

https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/the-soviet-union-and-the-eastern-front

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Giulino di Mezzegra, Azzano, Province of Como, Italy

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Occurring on April 28, 1945, Benito Mussolini was executed. His death was celebrated by the Allied forces as a sign of the Axis powers' defeat. His execution sparked the Italian resistance movement, which played an important role in the liberation of Italy from Nazi control.

https://www.nationalww2museum.org/death-of-benito-mussolini#:~:text=perhaps%20even%20happy.-,The%20death%20of%20Benito%20Mussolini%20on%20April%2028%2C%201945%20was,station%20in%20Milan's%20Piazzale%20Loreto.

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Occurring between 1936-1939, the Spanish Civil War was one of the events which led to WWII. It was a conflict between the Republican government and the Nationalist rebels, led by General Francisco Frisco. The political, social, and economic tensions in Spain sparked this war.

Started- July 17, 1936 in Morocco

Ended- 1939, when the Nationalists captured Madrid

https://www.britannica.com/event/Spanish-Civil-War#:~:text=Spanish%20Civil%20War%2C%20(1936%E2%80%93,Falange%20and%20the%20militant%20anarchists.

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The Battle of El Guettar, taking place from March 24 to April 3, 1943, in El Guettar, Tunisia was a major battle during WWII. It was fought between American forces against German and Italian forces. US forces ended up winning through their advantage of getting to the Tunisian coast.

https://www.themightyendeavor.com/battles/the-battle-of-el-guettar-80

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The Battle of Moscow, happening between September 30, 1941 to January 7, 1942, was the climax of Nazi Germany's Operation Barbarossa. Their intention was to capture Moscow. They were unsuccessful and the Soviet Union won the battle.

https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Moscow

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The Dunkirk evacuation in WWII, was the evacuation of the British Expeditionary Force and other Allied troops from the French seaport of Dunkirk. In the time from May 26, 1940 - June 4, 1940, about 198,000 British and 140,000 French and Belgian troops had been saved.

https://www.britannica.com/event/Dunkirk-evacuation

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The Battle of Crete, an airborne assault by Nazi Germany on the island of Crete in Greece, happened from May 20 - June 1, 1941. It was the first large-scale airborne operation in history, showing the potential of paratroopers but also resulting in heavy German casualties, leading Hitler to reduce further large-scale airborne operations.

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Battle-of-Crete

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Auschwitz was the largest Nazi concentration and extermination camp, located near Oświęcim in south Poland. It was a major site for the Holocaust, where approximately 1.1 to 1.5 million people, mostly Jews, were killed as part of the Nazis' "final solution" to completely exterminate the Jewish population. Auschwitz was strategically chosen for its railway connections, making the transport of Jews from across Europe to the camp possible.

https://www.britannica.com/search?query=auschwitz

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The Attack on the Czech Village of Lidice

# data[].attributes.subject
The Attack on the Czech Village of Lidice

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On June 10, 1942, Nazi troops raided the Czech village of Lidice. They killed all adult males and deported most of the surviving women and children to concentration camps.

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/june-10/lidice-massacre-nazis-czechoslovakia

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Changi prison in Singapore was a Japanese POW camp during WWII, where thousands suffered under harsh conditions. It was a location of brutality and resilience of those who were imprisoned.

https://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/world-war-two/prisoners-of-war-in-ww2/changi-pow-camp/

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Babyn Yar, Ukraine was the site of one of the largest mass executions of the Holocaust, where over 33,000 Jews were killed during a two-day period by Nazi forces in September 1941. It is a symbol of genocide.

https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/kiev-and-babi-yar

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The Nazi forces, led by Adolf Hitler, were based in Germany, Berlin being the central location of their operations. As they expanded across Europe, they took over many countries. They are known for committing atrocities, advocating hatred, and causing a genocide.

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Wehrmacht

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Franklin D. Roosevelt, was the president of the United States during much of WWII. He led the country through the Great Depression and the attack on Pearl Harbor. His leadership was influential.

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Franklin-D-Roosevelt

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Kalininsky District, Tver Oblast, Russia

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Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union during WWII, was based in Moscow. He helped defeat Nazi Germany and shaped the post-war world, but his rule also had harsh policies and repression.

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Stalin

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Winston Churchill was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during WWII, based in London. He is remembered for his strong leadership and speeches. He helped lead the Allies to victory.

https://www.biography.com/political-figures/winston-churchill

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Invented in 1928 at St. Mary's Hospital in London, penicillin saved over 500,000 Allied soldiers from infections from amputations. It saved the lives of many.

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/23/5/16-1556_article#:~:text=Unprecedented%20United%20States/Great%20Britain%20cooperation%20to%20produce,II%20in%20Europe%2C%20particularly%20in%20the%20Netherlands.

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New burn treatments by figures like Sir Archibald McIndoe to treat injured soldiers. One key location was the Brooke Army Medical Center in San Antonio, Texas in 1942.

https://www.google.com/search?q=brooke+army+medical+center+ww2+burn+treatments&sca_esv=0a8d1f523c448617&rlz=1CAJIKU_enUS1154&ei=FgPsZ7SxAsvEp84PoPraiQg&ved=0ahUKEwi0lNyQkLeMAxVL4skDHSC9NoEQ4dUDCBA&uact=5&oq=brooke+army+medical+center+ww2+burn+treatments&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiLmJyb29rZSBhcm15IG1lZGljYWwgY2VudGVyIHd3MiBidXJuIHRyZWF0bWVudHMyBRAhGKABMgUQIRigATIFECEYoAEyBRAhGKABSM9kULADWKRjcAl4AJABA5gB2gKgAcJHqgEJMS40Mi4xMC4xuAEDyAEA-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&sclient=gws-wiz-serp&safe=active&ssui=on

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Sulfa drugs, also known as sulfonamides, played an important role in WWII preventing and treating bacterial infections. They were discovered by Gerhard Domagk in the 1930s. They were helpful during the war before penicillin became widely available.

https://www.britannica.com/science/sulfa-drug

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Charles Drew, an African American surgeon and researcher, found new ways to transfuse and store blood for long-term use. His work happened in New York hospitals in 1940-1941. His methods saved the lives of many who lost blood during the war.

https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/medical-innovations-blood-banking

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Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC) Grove, Alrewas, Lichfield, UK

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During WWII, surgery technique advancements like removing dead tissue became common in the early 1940s. This helped keep soldiers alive as dead tissue has bacteria, which is deadly.

https://www.defense.gov/News/Feature-Stories/story/Article/2115192/medical-improvements-saved-many-lives-during-world-war-ii/#:~:text=During%20the%20war%2C%20surgery%20techniques,time%20in%20large%2Dscale%20combat.

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During WWII, Allied codebreakers made important advancements in cracking enemy codes, specifically the German Enigma Cipher, which provided valuable information. The German military used this machine to encrypt their messages. Alan Turing was the British mathematician and computer scientist who was behind developing this device.

https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/196193/war-of-secrets-cryptology-in-wwii/

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Germany's V-2 rocket was a ballistic missile that was used during WWII. Over 3,000 were launched against Allied targets, primarily London, Antwerp, and other European cities, between September 1944 and March 1945.

https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/missile-surface-surface-v-2-4/nasm_A19600342000

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By the start of WWII, radars were installed on British, US, and German ships. The US government established the MIT Radiation Laboratory (Red Lab) to develop radar systems, building on the British magnetron technology. Radars helped attacks have a higher success rate.

https://www.britannica.com/technology/radar/Advances-during-World-War-II

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The first atomic bomb, named Little Boy, was dropped on Hiroshima from the Enola Gay, a B-29 bomber on August 6, 1945. This was the first atomic bomb, and it caused major destruction.

https://www.britannica.com/event/atomic-bombings-of-Hiroshima-and-Nagasaki#:~:text=When%20were%20the%20atomic%20bombs,AM%20on%20August%209%2C%201945.