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What I found most interesting from our reading. 

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What I found most interesting from our reading. 

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Children are like little light bulbs ready to be switched on to learning! All children learn at a different rates, some grasp certain concepts before others. Phonemic awareness is part of the beginning process of learning to read and can be taught in a variety of ways. reading books and sometimes re reading is part of that process. Vocabulary building and asking children questions to engage them will not only help that process along but will serve as a way to observe where the child is in the process.

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Understanding differences
It is important as educators to be aware of cultural and ethnic differences. The more we are familiar with the culture and language of a child the more we will be able to help them. With that understanding in order to help a child grow in your classroom especially as a bilingual child is to build on what they know. Take the child's knowledge into consideration and then build concepts onto that. Don't rush instructions. If you move too quickly with a concept then they tend to not fully grasp what is being taught. Use scaffolding when teaching. Teach them a concept and then make sure they get it before moving on. Making the classroom a safe and secure learning environment where they know they can be themselves and speak in their own language is key. Encouraging English-speaking children to interact with non-English speaking kids is a great practice also. Keeping the family involved is very key. They will give you insight into the child and makes them feel like they are still helping their child in the learning process.
Achieving Language and Literacy goals through program  planning
Knowing your school's programs and familiarizing yourself with its functions can influence your teaching style. Knowing the Common Core standards may help to know where the curriculum fits in. Some ways that enhance the learning environment is outside play. Whether it is reading a book on a blanket in the shade or playing hopscotch playtime can influence every aspect of literacy.  Following the best practices laid out with the staff helps mold your teaching techniques as well as child growth overall.
Promoting Language and Literacy
The teacher models how a child's language skills should improve. They are there to give instruction while being kind and considerate. They should use correct grammar and syntax while talking to a child but not correct the child in how they speak. This way a child learns the correct way to form words and sentences while not feeling embarrassed by their mistakes. The teacher should provide experiences to enhance the progression of literacy in the classroom. Planned activities and visual aids can be used to achieve this goal.
Developing Listening Skills
The five main listening skills are:
Appreciative Listening- is when a child finds pleasure in the things they hear such as music, poems, and stories. Children will listen to something they enjoy while learning a new literacy concept.
Purposeful Listening: With this, a child listens to what you read or say and gives responses.
Discriminative Listening: A child listens and becomes aware of the different pitches and nuances that come with different words and thus helps them understand speech sounds.
Creative Listening: With this, the child's imagination is stimulated. They begin to form ideas and concepts while they play.
Critical Listening: With this the child forms opinions and makes decisions about ideas/

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Section 2 Summaries

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This reading taught me the significance of having a plan for children's education that includes language and literacy. It is also important to make each and every child feel included and at ease. One way to do so is to recognize that each child is unique and learns in their own way. This is why having different teaching plans is important so that we can provide them with the support they need especially children who have a second language. That is why it should be considered to having a teaching plan that discusses their cultural backgrounds to make them feel included and understanded.

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Promoting Language and Literacy

Teachers promote positive language behaviors by modeling Standard English and correct child errors in a delicate way.

They model listening skills, use of gestures, dictionary use, and modeling positive attitude toward reading, writing, listening, and speaking.

The role of a teacher for early childhood language provides experiences, activities, materials and is a facilitator who encourages and promotes word usage and conversation.

A teacher is an observer who supports child discovery, problem solving, and expression of children's ideas and concerns.

Developing Listening Skills

Purposeful listening practice is to increase the children's ability to follow directions and instructions, perform tasks, and respond appropriately.

A teacher interaction that aids young children listening is the teacher's speech is clear and distinct and has appropriate pace.

Activities that help children pay attention to sound are repeat rhymes, coordinate body movement with sounds or words, repeat words, poems, and recall sequences.

Using a three-step method helps young preschoolers to gain listening.

1. First step they tell the children what they are going to tell them.

2. Second, they say it.

3. Third, they tell the children what they told them.

Achieving Language and Literacy Goals through Program Planning

Having planned activities should have a purpose for a child to understand in some ways to connect to what they already know.

The best literacy promoting program is the one that captivates the imagination, engaging, and stimulating to motivate further literacy exploration.

Using new words with children, extending children comment through questioning, engaging in intellectually challenging conversations and providing opportunities for children to work independently or in groups.

Understanding Differences

Teachers need to do their own observation and research to identify cultural differences that affect children's growth and development.

Teachers working with young children respect the child's natural speech and do not try to stop the child from using it.

Recommend strategies of language learners use it to build on what the child already knows, ensuring children inclusion by inviting a child by name to small group activities.

Design activities that respect language and cultural differences.

Creating a safe classroom environment for children with language or cultural differences has program goals that reflect the needs and interest of diverse children.

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Understanding Differences
As a future educator, you must recognize that children are all unique, including their linguistic processes and adaptability. There are many youngsters that have a different accent or speak a language other than English. Effective teaching requires an understanding of working with these children and their families. A dual-language curriculum may assist second-language learners tremendously, and scaffolding strategies can aid a kid through the process by building on what they already know. It may be pretty beneficial to provide classroom exercises that appeal to all learners by offering some parts in English and others in Spanish or another language. Another important component is connecting with families and encouraging cultural knowledge. Teachers should ensure that they observe youngsters establish whether or not they have a language disability.

Achieving Language and Literacy Goals Through Program Planning
Language learning may take many forms, but curriculum design and an awareness of the school's aims for each kid will help them achieve goals that will lead them throughout their school careers. Understanding your school's standards, particularly those part of state standards, is critical. Language development may be seen in a variety of settings, including child literacy portfolios, writing exercises, musical experiences, and the school environment. Children's learning will be guided by lesson plans, especially if they incorporate portions of subjects that they are very interested in.

Promoting Language and Literacy
Teaching tactics vary, and depending on the teacher-student connection, more than one method may be found to be effective. A teacher must understand that the children's attention is dependent on them. This stage will benefit from efficient communication and expanding vocabulary. Be detailed and descriptive; especially when answering how and why's.

Developing Listening Skills
Children will acquire four distinct types of listening abilities, and there are several strategies to assist children in developing these skills as they grow. This has been reported to be helped by music and producing repeating noises. There are many several situations in which children may practice their listening abilities; for example, reading in a quiet environment can help youngsters focus on the text. As an educator, it is critical to provide opportunities for students to learn about many styles of listening.

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Reading: When reading this section you start to see just how different each child can be based on their home language. This is why it is important to have an understanding of every child’s background and what languages are spoken in the home. Another key component that I also saw was that of establishing positive relationships and how that can also make a difference with how comfortable the child feels. You want the children to feel supported and accepted. Learning another language for children can be difficult but as long as the teachers understand that being intentional in the way we engage children makes the difference. You can also be sure to implement some strategies that will help the child be successful. Language learning can also be developed by knowing what the program or school you are in goals are. You can also see what activities are best that help focus on vocabulary. Curriculums such as Teaching Strategies Gold (TSG) help because they not only have a section for dual language learners when inputting observations but also because it has a language section that helps teachers be more intentional with what they are teaching as well as having some suggestions for science, math and art activities. I had to include a bit about TSG because it kept coming to mind as I read on. When promoting language and literacy teachers are already doing this on a regular basis and they tend to model it by rich experiences to the children as well as using specific and correct vocabulary. I also do this when helping a child pronounce a word ( ex. Child says TAPPLES are his favorite fruit. Teacher would say oh APPLES are your favorite fruit) and feel that it’s a great way to teach them how to pronounce it without being rude or making the child feel bad. When promoting listening the book talked about the major types of listening such as appreciative, purposeful, discriminative, creative, and critical.

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What I enjoyed about the readings.

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Things I took from the reading 😊

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Understanding Differences

Creating a safe classroom environment for children with language or cultural differences is have program goals that reflect the needs and interest of diverse children. And design activities that respect language and cultural differences. Its helpful for teachers to understand the student cultural background to establish positive relationships with the children. Teacher themselves need to do their own observation and research to identify cultural and differences that affect children growth and development. Teachers working with young children respect the child natural speech and do not try to stop the child from using it.  Recommend strategies of language learners use it to build on what the child already knows, ensuring children inclusion by inviting a child by name to small group activities.

Achieving Language and Literacy Goals through Program Planning

Language helps children learn, retain, recall, transmit information. Using every opportunity to add meaning in a natural way during the preschool day. Having planned activities should have purpose for a child can understand in some ways to connect to what they already know. The best literacy promoting program is the one that captives the imagination, engaging, and stimulating to motivate further literacy exploration. Using new words with children, extending children comment through questioning, engaging in intellectually challenging conversations and providing opportunities for children to work independently or in groups.

Promoting Language and Literacy

The roles of a teacher for early childhood language provides experiences, activities, materials and is facilitator who encourages and promotes word usage and conversation. A teacher is an observer who supports child discovery, problem solving, and expression of children ideas and concerns. Teacher promotes positive language behaviors by modeling Standard English and correct child errors in a delicate way. They model listen skills, use of gestures, dictionary use, and modeling positive attitude toward reading, writing, listening, and speaking.

Developing Listening Skills

Listening happens many ways. They are appreciative, purposeful, discriminative, creative, and critical. Purposeful listening practice is to increase the children ability to follow directions and instructions, perform task, and respond appropriately. Using a three-step method help young preschoolers to gain skill of listening. First step they tell the children what they are going to tell them, second, they say it, third they tell the children what they told them. A teacher interaction that aids young children listening is the teacher speech is clear and distinct and has appropriate pace. Activities that help children attention to sound are repeat rhymes, coordinate body movement with sounds or words, repeat words, poems, and recall sequences.

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When doing the reading I read about how important it is for the teacher to make the classroom a safe and sensitive place by bringing all the cultural backgrounds of the students to the classroom. This made everyone feel comfortable and made them feel part of the class. There was the same chart that I liked because it talked about how all the children are different but that they are all special in their way and I think that is important because many children don’t hear that at home. Another thing that stood out to me from the reading was bilingual learners. Every day there are more and more children that not only speak English but other languages too. Our country is of people from different cultures and it is important to include everybody. Promoting cultural awareness is also important because that helps families to feel included. Teachers can include families by putting up flags from where the families are from, having books that talk about different cultures and that are in different languages. There was so much from this reading that I think as teachers we can learn because we want every child to grow up feeling included. Another last thing that I really liked from the reading was a chart that showed how you can speak to the children that will enhance their learning and make it so they get excited to want to learn more everyday.

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It is important for a program to plan and create goals for language and literacy.  A program should strive to promote both language and literacy and that each child is in a different learning space and may need different support. If we have one way and only that one way to teach our children and not change or kink our lessons and teaching to fit our students needs then we are letting them fall behind as no child is the same. Each child we work with is special in there own way and has a different background in which we have to better understand. We should be building a relationship with our students and families to get to know them and be able to prepare and plan activities that support the individual child and the class. Especially children with second languages really need to feel that support and be communicated to so they are not left out and are included. Teachers need to plan lessons in which include the different cultures, languages and needs of children.

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Understanding differences page 98

It is important to know and understand that all children are different and unique and learn in different ways. Having knowledge of a child’s cultural background is important. Understand children may come from a home language that is different than English and therefore must be respectful and honor that language. Educators must strive to foster supporting all children in language development and adapt to understand how to work with children and families with different home languages. Educators should promote having program goals that reflect the needs and interests of diverse children, using standard English in instructional and planned activities, preparing activities that respect the language and cultural differences, preserving children’s feelings of adequacy and acceptance, and value children’s home language.

Identifying common strategies second-language learners use to learn Standard language on their own. This means fostering the way children learn, using gestures, begin to recognize language patterns that are frequently heard. Using techniques that can easily be recognized will help children understand. Bilingual programs, transitional programs, newcomer programs, developmental bilingual programs, two-way immersion programs, tutor assistant programs, and full immersion programs are common programs used for child instruction in Standard English. One should take into consideration if a child has speech problems along with knowing the four characteristics of language advanced preschoolers. This involves a child displaying long and complex sentences, mature idea expression, reading ability, persistent attention to task, deep focus, and may know all letters and sounds.

Achieve language and literacy goals through program planning Page 132

Knowing and understanding your program's goals will help guide an educator's teaching style. Having a large understanding of your program's standards along with common core state standards will help educators achieve a higher level of curriculum and program development. Child observations and documentation activities are now part of the teacher’s responsibility not only in elementary schools but now many preschool programs as well. Language use in all curriculum areas is used daily. All planned activities use language in one way or another. Children have the opportunity to build language skills through daily routines, hands on activities, planned program and activities, and classroom environment with displays all promote language growth. A school’s goals serve as the basis for program planning. Following best practices set by staff members help guide a teacher’s techniques in the growth of target needs, growth in literacy, language arts, or knowledge and skills.

Promoting language and literacy 164

The teacher serves as a model of everyday language use. The teacher is a provider of experiences in which many events are planned yet others may happen on naturally occurring occasions. The teacher is a facilitator and creates sharing experiences and builds a trusting connection with the children while encouraging conversation. The three functions should be balanced, relative to each child’s developmental level. The teacher's role is to constantly be the decision maker based on what they hear and know.

Early childhood language arts foundational skills educators should keep in mind during daily activities and adult-child interactions include the child’s growing

Phonological awareness

Phonemic awareness and word recognition ability

Comprehension of the world around them

Ability to collaborate with others

Question-asking ability

Expression of thoughts and ideas

Standard English usage

Vocabulary

Engagement success

Ways teachers model positive language behavior is important. Correcting children in subtle ways, using please and thank you as they are often mocked by children. They also model through using dictionary use, listening skills, gestures, good print form, and proper book use. Modeling a good attitude towards towards reading, writing, listening, speaking and modeling enjoyment of the literacy building activities used. Using words to help advance knowledge with visual and physical examples.

Developing Listening skills 190

The four major types of listening discussed are appreciative, purposeful, discriminative, creative, and critical.

Appreciative listening is when a child finds pleasure and entertainment in hearing music, poems, and stories.

Purposeful listening is when the child follows direction and give responses.

Discriminative listening is when the child becomes aware of changes in pitch and loudness. Sounds become differentiated in the environment. Eventually, the child is able to discriminate speech sounds.

Creative listening is when the child’s imagination and emotions are stimulated by the listening experience. Thoughts are expressed spontaneously and freely through words or actions, often both.

Critical listening is when the child understands, evaluates, makes decisions, and forms opinions. The teacher needs to scaffold the learning with questions that make the children think about their responses.

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Understanding Differences
It is important to understand as a future educator that children are all different and that includes their language processes and adaptability. There are many children with a different accent or who may speak a different language other than English. Understanding how to effectively work with these children and their families is crucial to effective teaching. Second-language learners may benefit greatly from a dual-language program and practices of scaffolding can help a child through the process to help build on what children already know. Including classroom activities that can appeal to all learners by including some pieces in English and others in Spanish or another language can be super helpful. Connecting with families and promoting cultural awareness is another key component. Observing children to determine whether or not they have a language disability is something that teachers should be sure to do.
Achieving Language and Literacy Goals Through Program Planning
Language learning can develop in a number of ways, but through curriculum planning and understanding the school's goals for each child is going to help them reach goals to guide them through their school life. Understanding the standards for your school is important and especially understanding them as a part of state standards. Language development can be viewed in many areas of the child's learning such as: child literacy portfolios, writing activities, musical experience, and based on the classroom environment. Lesson plans will guide children's learning especially when they include pieces of subjects that children are specifically interested in.
Promoting Language + Literacy
Teaching strategies will range and more than one way can be found as effective depending on the teacher and student relationship. A teacher must be aware that the children's interest is reliant on them. Communicating effectively and widening vocabulary is going to be effective in this stage. Be appropriately specific and describe things; answer how and why questions especially!
Developing Listening Skills
There are 4 different types of listening that children will develop and there are many ways to help children develop skills as they grow. Music and making repetitive sounds have been found helpful at this. There are also different types of settings that children can enjoy practicing their listening skills; being in a quiet place to read may bring attention and focus to the book. Creating places for children to discover the many types of listening is important to do as an educator.

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Textbook Reading Section 2 Pages 98-190                                 

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Textbook Reading Section 2 Pages 98-190                                 

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SECTION TWO : Language and Literacy Programs: Recognizing Diverse Needs and Goals
- Understanding Differences 98
-Achieving Language and Literacy Goals through Program Planning
-Promoting Language and Literacy 164
-Developing Listening Skills 190

Use the + to start a bubble and upload a word file with info from those pages. This assignment is worth 50 points.  After that record a video talking about your main learning from from those pages and why.