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This project requires us as researchers to seek out native speakers in order to better understand the differences in English dialects. We have located two speakers who are both American and British. We're grateful that these two speakers were prepared to provide a hand, and we are grateful that they were prepared to contribute in any way they could. Ultimately, this task is a blast to work on and we really appreciate every minute of our time devoted to it.

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Name : Jack Leibel

Age : 23 years old

Gender : Male

Nationality : American

Race : White

Currently reside : North Carolina

Accent or slang used : Midwestern accent with Southern slang influences

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Background of The History of English in North Carolina, United States

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Background of The History of English in North Carolina, United States

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Founding Year : 1655 (The First Permanent English Settlement in North Carolina)

Country of Origin : England; Virginia Colony

Founder : Nathaniel Batts

Year 1585

- Sir Walter Raleigh (the English explorer and poet)
- He supported the first English settlement in America on Roanoke Island (now North Carolina).
- It was the first English colony in the New World.
- The first colony was failed.

Year 1587

- Attempt a second colony which was also failed - John White as the new colony's governor.
- Virginia Dare, the first English child born in the New World, was born to White's daughter on August 18, 1587.

Year 1590

- The colony was abandoned. (The Lost Colony)

Year 1629-1647

- Charles I gave Robert Heath, who was the king's attorney general, the first charter for North Carolina.
- Repeated attempts to build colonies failed until 1648.

Year 1648

- 2 Virginians (Henry Plumpton of Nansemond County & Thomas Tuke of Isle of Wight County) bought a piece of land from the local people.
- The first successful colony.

Year 1655

- The first permanent English colony in North Carolina
- Founder : Nathaniel Batts, a Virginia farmer

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You only live once, but if you do it right, once is enough. - Mae West

/juː ˈəʊnli lɪv wʌns, bʌt ɪf juː duː ɪt raɪt, wʌns ɪz ɪˈnʌf/

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Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever. - Mahatma Gandhi

/lɪv æz ɪf juː wɜːr tuː daɪ təˈmɑːrəʊ. lɜːrn æz ɪf juː wɜːr tuː lɪv fərˈevər/

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Identity is a prison you can never escape, but the way to redeem your past is not to run from it, but to try to understand it, and use it as a foundation to grow. - Jay-Z

/aɪˈdentəti ɪz ə ˈprɪzn juː kæn ˈnevər ɪˈskeɪp, bʌt ðə weɪ tuː rɪˈdiːm jər pæst ɪz nɑːt tuː rʌn frʌm ɪt, bʌt tuː traɪ tuː ˌʌndərˈstænd ɪt, ən juːz ɪt æz ə faʊnˈdeɪʃn tuː ɡrəʊ/

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The Environment Ministry said that making comparisons using single months does not provide the best picture, stating that in August to January deforestation fell slightly
compared to the same period a year ago. - Jake Spring (2022)

/ðə ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ˈmɪnɪstri sed ðæt ˈmeɪkɪŋ kəmˈpærɪsnz uːzɪŋ ˈsɪŋɡl mʌnθs dʌz nɑːt prəˈvaɪd ðə best ˈpɪktʃər, steɪtɪŋ ðæt ɪn ɔːˈɡʌst tuː ˈdʒænjueri ˌdiːˌfɔːrɪˈsteɪʃn fel ˈslaɪtli kəmˈpered tuː ðə seɪm ˈpɪriəd ə jɪr əˈɡəʊ/

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Assalamualaikum and have a great day, ladies and gentlemen! 𓆩♡𓆪

My name is Nur Fatihah Syahirah binti Mohd Zahari but I go by Tihah. I am currently studying for a Bachelor in Applied Language Studies (Hons) English for Intercultural Communication in UiTM Shah Alam.

Here is my assignment for the EIC453 course, discussing different varieties of ‘Native’ Englishes/ Inner Circle Englishes.

Wishing you could gain something new and useful and also enjoy everything that are presented here.

Enjoy your reading! 𓆩♡𓆪

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Assalamualaikum and greetings!

The picture above belongs to the respective author which is me that goes by the name Nur Amirah binti Zafrudin. Presently, I am in Bachelor of Degree Applied Language Studies (Hons) English for Intercultural Communication in UiTM Shah Alam.

Here I present to you what have I done for my first assignment on EIC453 which discussing about the variation of 'Native' Englishes/ Inner Circle Englishes.

I hope you will gain new knowledge from this reading.

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Regular exercise can prevent and reverse age-related decreases in muscle mass and strength, improving balance, flexibility, and endurance, and decreasing the risk of falls in
the elderly. - Charles Patrick (2022)

/ˈreɡjələr ˈeksərsaɪz kæn prɪˈvent ən rɪˈvɜːrs eɪdʒ-rɪˈleɪtɪd dɪˈkriːzes ɪn mʌsl mæs ən streŋkθ, ɪmˈpruːvɪŋ ˈbæləns, ˌfleksəˈbɪləti, ən ɪnˈdʊrəns, ən dɪˈkriːsɪŋ ðə rɪsk ʌv fɔːls ɪn ðə ˈeldərli/

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1. Introduction

Brief Information about the e-Portfolio

2. Speaker 1

Demographic Profile

Background of The History of English in North Carolina, US

Videos of the Speaker

Phonemic Variation

Prosodic Variation

A Study on Prosodic Distinctions

Lexical Variation

Youtube Video

3. Speaker 2

Demographic Profile

Background of The History of English in Perth, Australia

Videos of the Speaker

Phonemic Variation

Prosodic Variation

Lexical Variation

Youtube Video

4. Conclusion & Group Reflection

5. Personal Reflection

Fatihah's Reflection

Amirah's Reflection

6. References

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Name : Nadia Poulose

Age : 34 years old

Gender : Female

Nationality : Australian

Race : Asian

Currently reside : Perth, Australia

Accent or slang used : City Australian

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Background of The History of English in Perth, Australia

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Background of The History of English in Perth, Australia

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Founding Year : 1788 (after the foundation of the Colony of New South Wales)

Country of Origin : The United Kingdom of Great Britain (British English)

Founder : Captain Arthur Phillip

Year 1606

- The first European to land at Australia is Dutch explorer Captain Willem Janszoon

Year 1770

- Captain James Cook lands at Botany Bay with his ship, the HMS Endeavour
- He then proceeds to map the eastern coast of Australia, claiming it for Great Britain

Year 1788

- The first British settlement is established at Sydney by Captain Arthur Phillip

- The arrival of European Settlers
- A process called levelling down; people came from different dialects areas, regional dialect areas across England on 11 ships
- They had to level their dialects variations down to communicate with each other
- Koineization process; formation of new dialects

Year 1829

- The settlement of Perth is founded on the southwest coast
- England lays claim to the entire continent of Australia

Year 1868

- Great Britain stops sending convicts to Australia
- It is estimated that around 160,000 convicts were shipped to Australia between 1788 and 1868

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You only live once, but if you do it right, once is enough. - Mae West

/juː əʊnli lɪv wʌns, bət ɪf juː duː ɪt ˈraɪt, wʌns ɪz ɪˈnʌf/

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Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever. - Mahatma Gandhi

/lɪv æz ɪf juː wɜːr tə ˈdaɪ təˈməʊrəʊ. lɜːn æz ɪf juː wɜːr tu lɪv fɔ:ævɑ:/

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Identity is a prison you can never escape, but the way to redeem your past is not to run from it, but to try to understand it, and use it as a foundation to grow. - Jay-Z

/aɪˈdæntəti ɪz ə prɪzn juː kæn nevər ɪˈskeɪp, bʌt ðə weɪ tu rɪˈdiːm jɔːr pɑːst ɪz  nɒt tu rʌn frɒm ɪt, bʌt tu traɪ tu ʌndəˈstænd ɪt, ən juːz ɪt æz ə faʊnˈdeɪʃn tu ɡrəʊ/

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The Environment Ministry said that making comparisons using single months does not provide the best picture, stating that in August to January deforestation fell slightly compared to the same period a year ago. - Jake Spring (2022)

/ðə ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt mɪnɪstri sed ðæt meɪkɪŋ kəmˈpærɪsns juːzɪŋ sɪŋɡl mʌnθs dʌz nɒt prəˈvaɪd ðə best pɪktʃɑ:, steɪtɪŋ ðæt ɪn ɔːˈɡʌst dʒænjuəri diːˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃn fel slaɪtli kəmˈpeəred tu ðə seɪm pɪəriəd ə jɜːr əˈɡəʊ/

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Regular exercise can prevent and reverse age-related decreases in muscle mass and strength, improving balance, flexibility, and endurance, and decreasing the risk of falls in
the elderly. - Charles Patrick (2022)

/reɡjələr eksəsaɪz kæn prɪˈvent ən rɪˈvɜːs eɪdʒ-rɪˈleɪtɪd dɪˈkriːsez ɪn mʌsl mæs ən streŋkθ, ɪmˈpruːvɪŋˈbæləns, fleksəˈbɪləti, ən ɪnˈdjʊərəns, ən dɪˈkriːsɪŋ ðə rɪsk ɒv fɔːl ɪn ðə eldəli/

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1. Rhoticity

The speaker used the non-rhotic pronunciation

The American would pronounce the word forever with the /r/ sound

While the speaker dropped the /r/ sound in /fərˈevər/ which she turned it into /fɔ:ævɑ:/

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1. Diphthongs are used to represent short vowels.

The speaker changed the short vowel sound in the word January to diphthongs

He changed the /ə/ sounds to the /eɪ/ in /ˈdʒænjuəri/

2. Vowel Mergers

The speaker standardized the pronunciation between two words

He used the pronunciation for mess instead of mass

Mass - Mess

/mæs/ - /mes/

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1. Stress

The speaker tend to stress the last syllable of the word to contrast and show new information

Example;

The speaker put the stress on the vowel /a:/ in the word /fɔ:ævɑ:/ to show new crucial information.

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1. Borrowing from indigenous languages

Australians use many words from Aboriginal language and they are still added in Australian vocabulary

Example;

'Deadly' are often used by Australians. It means 'fantastic', 'great' or 'awesome' in Aboriginal language

'Buka' comes from Noongar which means cloak (usually made from kangaroo fur)

2. Same meaning, different word

Australians love to use their Aussie slang words and phrases

Example;

'Sneakers' or 'trainers' are called 'runners' in Australia

When an Australian said that you're a 'ripper', that means you're fantastic

Australians also called 'woman' as 'sheila' (originally refer to a woman of Irish origin)

3. Abbreviation

Australians love to abbreviate their words

Example; breakfast as brekkie, service station as servo, and ambulance or the person driving it as ambo

4. Spelling

Australian English has more in common with British English

They would use “-ise,” “-yse,” and “-ence” as word endings

Example; globalise, finalise, organise, realise, analyse, and defence

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1. Longer vowel duration (length)

According to the research studies of prosodic differences among dialects of American English, the North Carolina speakers all spoke louder when stressing the target vowels

Example;

The speaker spoke louder when pronouncing 'slightly' /ˈslaɪtli/ particularly on the first syllable which is /ˈslaɪt/ of the word to show the stress of the word.

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Here’s an attachment of a study on the prosodic distinctions across American English dialects.

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Prosodic differences among dialects of American English

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1. Borrowing from indigenous languages

English adopted many words from the indigenous tribes

Example;

Chocolate comes from Aztecs tribe, they would make a drink from ground cacao seeds called chikolatl.

Barbeque comes from a Taíno word, barbacòa, which means "structure of sticks set upon posts"

2. Same meaning, different words

There are various dialects in America

Northeast Americans usually call candy on a stick 'lollipop', while the south and Midwest call it 'sucker'

'Roundabout' is used in the West and South America, while on the East Coast and Midwestern states, they used 'traffic circle', and there is also 'rotary' which appears to be used in the Northeast

3. Spelling

Americans would use “-ize” -yze,” and “-ense” as word endings

Example; globalize, finalize, organize, realize, analyze, and defense

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This video provides a good overview of North and South Carolina, as well as the history leading up to their separation. You might want to give it a shot! 𓆩♡𓆪

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North Carolina and South Carolina Compared

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Learn some typical Australian expressions, jargons, and abbreviations in this instructional video. It's worth a look! 𓆩♡𓆪

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Australian Slang | Real Life English! | Vocabulary and Common Expressions