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Created By: Robert Alamillo, Daisy Lemus, Darby Millard, and Jess Moses

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Created By: Robert Alamillo, Daisy Lemus, Darby Millard, and Jess Moses

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What does this curriculum actually look like in practice?

How are schools within SPS working to move beyond simply meeting curricular requirements and working to ensure Indigenous students’ funds of knowledge, experiences, and interests are central throughout curricula and instruction?

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Additional resources for Native American students, families and community.

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Additional resources for Native American students, families and community.

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Eighth Generation
eighthgeneration.com
Eighth Generation—the first Native-owned company to ever produce wool blankets—is based in Seattle, Washington. With a flagship retail store in Pike Place Market, the company provides a strong, ethical alternative to “Native-inspired” art and products through its artist-centric approach and 100% Native designed products. Eighth Generation’s Inspired Natives Project, anchored by the tagline “Inspired Natives, not Native-inspired,” builds business capacity among cultural artists while addressing the economic impact of cultural appropriation.

Seattle Indian Health Board
www.sihb.org
Seattle Indian Health Board is a community health clinic that provides health and human services to its patients while specializing in the care of Native people. We are recognized as a leader in the promotion of health improvement for urban American Indians and Alaska Natives, locally and nationally.

United Indians of All Tribes Foundation
unitedindians.org
Mission
Our mission is to provide educational, cultural and social services that reconnect Indigenous people in the Puget Sound region to their heritage by strengthening their sense of belonging and significance as Native people.
Vision
To be a social service provider, community center, and cultural home for urban Indians.

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How has the actions by the Seattle Public Schools further distanced themselves and hurt ties with the Native American students and communities.

Why has the Seattle school board voted against plans to reopen the Indian Heritage High School?

Why has there not been more actions taken by the state or the Department of Education to make sure that a Native American program/curriculum been created and sustained in SPS.

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Many resources refer to “the LGBT+ community,” but there are many smaller communities within this larger bucket. What would it look like to focus on a subset of this larger community? Who is erased when this label is used?

What resources would highlight intersectionality and intersectional LGBT+ communities? How can this intersectionality be considered?

What information has been lost or held tight by this community, due to histories of necessary secrecy?

Do these resources push against or work against historical misinformation? When we analyze these sources, how do we ensure we are aware of constructed misinformation?

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These are all examples of advocacy organizations, both historic and modern, made up of individuals in the LGBT+ community, who do advocacy work for the community. Many of these have transformed in purpose over time, while continuing to serve and make change in their community.

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These are all examples of advocacy organizations, both historic and modern, made up of individuals in the LGBT+ community, who do advocacy work for the community. Many of these have transformed in purpose over time, while continuing to serve and make change in their community.

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Bailey-Boushay House
An HIV/AIDs care clinic that emerged during the AIDs epidemic in Seattle and continues to do important work, providing end of life care for those with AIDS, HIV, ALS, and other conditions. Their website provides important insight into their founding and their role in the community. These community organizations are sources of knowledge about local advocacy and how these movements have grown, shifted, and changed over time.

The GSBA: Washington's LGBTQ Chamber of Commerce
Another community organization, formed as an advocacy group, that has become an institution. A key example of how movements grow and transform over time. The GSBA was originally the Queen City Business Guild, and is still an important LGBT+ organization that supports LGBT+ businesses.

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Businesses and the physical community and neighborhood reveals hidden power relationships, personalizes, and shows agency. These institutions experienced push out due to power relationships and dynamics, and attending to these reveals the complexity of interactions affecting the LGBTQIA+ community. Attending to them as sources of historical knowledge also reframes what constitutes evidence of historical phenomena.

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These sources are related to physical spaces that were, or are, central to the LGBTQIA+ community in Capitol Hill. Their histories reveal much about changes in the neighborhood, community construction and roots, and the effects of gentrification on LGBTQIA+ businesses and institutions in Capitol Hill.

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These sources are related to physical spaces that were, or are, central to the LGBTQIA+ community in Capitol Hill. Their histories reveal much about changes in the neighborhood, community construction and roots, and the effects of gentrification on LGBTQIA+ businesses and institutions in Capitol Hill.

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The Old Broadway Market; The Macombo
These businesses were institutions in the LGBT+ community in Seattle, and were a place where community members could feel safe in a time where their existence was heavily politicized and challenged. As such, they were also meaningful spaces for planning and coordinating activism. Neither business exists any longer, indicative of the push out of the LGBTQIA+ community from this area.
How did Capitol Hill Become Seattle's Gay Neighborhood?
An article describing the numerous factors that contributed to Capital Hill becoming a queer neighborhood. Pioneer Square preceded Capital Hill as the queer epicenter of the city, as luxury businesses crept into Pioneer Square forcing queer folxs to migrate to the Capital Hill neighborhood in search of cheaper rent. As same-sex households continue to disappear in the gay neighborhood, it raises the question, “are straight-people loving the gay club scene to death?”
Queer Bars in Seattle's Capitol Hill Fight to Remain a Refuge
Article highlighting queer spaces, specifically bars, and the fight to keep them up and running even in the face of gentrification and rising costs. Raises concerns regarding intersectional issues such as the dwindling number of Lesbian bars and the rapid gentrification of Capital Hill, which is pushing queer folxs out of the neighborhood.

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We see the continued eradication of a people and their culture. We have been spoon fed a narrative about savages being tamed by civilized people. A one sided history lesson given to hide the truth. Morales speaks about the importance of exposing untold histories and agency within those who are part of those stories. More of those stories about resistance and overcoming odds are being told nowadays to the youth in order to empower them. Teaching of cultural practices, and language are becoming more prevalent as more people within the communities realize it's importance to their very survival. Has public policy around Native American studies programs done enough to support Native American students? Seattle Public Schools has had a very tumultuous relationship with its Native American community. It cut ties with an organization which was providing curriculum for a Native American studies program. It has also failed to make good in its promise to reopen American Heritage high school. What have we learned from these missteps by SPS. How can the Seattle Public Schools  better support and bring trust and healing to the Native American youth and communities in the future.

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Legal documentation of this sort lends itself to asking questions and noticing absences, both principles from Levins Morales. These documents reveal what is valued in legal processes and how advocacy efforts are taken up by the local government, which allows the reader to analyze who is centered and marginalized in these processes. They also allow for the personalization of history, as these records reveal prominent actors working on legal processes.

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These resources are all primary source documents from the local government. They concern different legal debates and discussions around LGBT+ rights in the city, and provide important insight into how legal policy shaped community development and the experiences of individuals in the LGBT+ community, specifically in Seattle.

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These resources are all primary source documents from the local government. They concern different legal debates and discussions around LGBT+ rights in the city, and provide important insight into how legal policy shaped community development and the experiences of individuals in the LGBT+ community, specifically in Seattle.

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Seattle Municipal Archives: LGBT Digital Document Library
The city of Seattle keeps a significant digital document library of a variety of different subjects, for those interested in exploring Seattle history. The resources is targeted towards teachers, and is therefore easily accessible. There is a library for LGBT+ issues and rights in the '70s and '80s specifically.
LGBTQ Commission Seattle
This is another government site, for the LGBTQ Commission in Seattle, which recommends policy to city governing officials. This website includes meeting agendas and minutes dating back to 2017, and, upon request, one can get access to meeting minutes dating further back. These minutes are helpful in understanding LGBTQ+ legal advocacy efforts and responses in recent history.
Seattle LGBT Commission Report of Needs Assessment Survey 2010
A report from 2010 that assessed the needs of LGBT people living in Seattle. The report focused on various issues such as discrimination, housing, and health. At the end of each topic, several recommendations were included in order to better serve the LGBT community of Seattle. Particularly interesting, was the emphasis on older LGBT individuals and the hardships they face in contrast with LGBT youth such as access to welcoming senior care facilities and mobility restrictions.
King County Community Health Needs Assessment 2018/2019
A report from 2018/19 that assessed the needs of LGBTQ youth and young adults of King County. This report particularly focused on health inequalities and disparities reported by LGBTQ youth and young adults. The report contained a section devoted to the coupling effects of multiple oppressions, typically racial/ethnic groups.

Commission for Lesbians and Gays Minutes 1984-1996
Similar to the above resource, these are meeting minutes from a previous iteration of the Seattle LGBTQ Commission, prior to a renaming.

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Newspaper archives can be important places to search for primary sources, but, through the lens of history as a source of healing, it is important to recognize the context surrounding the articles: who is writing these articles, who their audience is, and what was happening in the city, on a broader scale, when they were written. When taken with these questions in mind, these archives can help to identify strategic pieces of misinformation, as this misinformation is often communicated and constructed through the media, they show complexity, ambiguity, and contradiction, and they can personalize. Newspaper articles can be a powerful source for understanding who was involved in particular movements and histories, and own voice newspapers, such as the Seattle Gay News, are particularly informative here. They are a meaningful way to understand how narratives were constructed.

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This is a collection of different newspaper archives, local to Washington and Seattle. The Seattle Gay News is specifically a newspaper created by and for the Gay community in the city. These sources would support a higher-level exploration of how LGBT+ events, experiences, and advocacy was constructed and described in Seattle. These archives can be searched to find stories and news specific to the LGBT+ community in Capitol Hill.

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This is a collection of different newspaper archives, local to Washington and Seattle. The Seattle Gay News is specifically a newspaper created by and for the Gay community in the city. These sources would support a higher-level exploration of how LGBT+ events, experiences, and advocacy was constructed and described in Seattle. These archives can be searched to find stories and news specific to the LGBT+ community in Capitol Hill.

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Washington Digital Newspapers
This is a digital archive of all of the newspapers in Washington. This could be used to understand context for the local history of the LGBT+ community in Capitol Hill. This archive would be very useful for much older newspapers that have been digitized.
Seattle Times Newsbank, South Seattle Emerald, Seattle Medium
Three local Seattle newspapers that focus on stories from the city. These all have searchable archives and are free to view. They are more recent newspapers and do not have archives reaching as far back as Washington Digital Newspapers.
Seattle Gay News
SGN is a self proclaimed LGBTQIA+ News and Entertainment paper, published since 1974. The online archive goes back to the paper's founding in 1974, and would be a valuable source of own voice history of the LGBT+ community in the city.

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These sources tell untold or undertold histories, reframe what counts as historical evidence, show agency, and show complexity and embrace ambiguity and contradiction (Levins Morales, 1998). They focus on the stories of historically marginalized communities, emphasizing the voices of those in the community. They use sources like oral histories, photographs, and personal records to tell these histories, centering primary sources of those within communities as valid and valuable evidence. Finally, all three of these projects focus on agency and advocacy movements within the LGBT+ community, emphasizing the power these communities have and the active participation of community members in their own experience.

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These resources are existing history projects about LGBT+ history in the Pacific Northwest, Washington, and Seattle. They serve as collections of sources that can be used to explore smaller communities that may not be the sole focus of the larger projects. They can be important in identifying other places to search and getting a sense of the broader context of a local history.

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These resources are existing history projects about LGBT+ history in the Pacific Northwest, Washington, and Seattle. They serve as collections of sources that can be used to explore smaller communities that may not be the sole focus of the larger projects. They can be important in identifying other places to search and getting a sense of the broader context of a local history.

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NW Lesbian and Gay Museum History Project
The NWLGHMP was founded in 1994, they seek to collect oral histories, photographs, objects and documents in collaboration with archives and to create public programs to communicate their discoveries. Their website hosts a plethora of primary sources and its mission statement aligns closely with Curandera principles.

Queen City Comes Out: Exploring Seattle's Lesbian and Gay History
A website founded in 2008 by Jonathan N. Katz focuses on the early history of LGBTQ people in Seattle. The research was created in collaboration with the NWLGHMP and focuses on queer history from 1950’s Pioneer Square through the 1990’s.

Queer History in Seattle, After Stonewall
HistoryLink.org's perspective follows the early organization of activism in Seattle and its connection to University of Washington students. The site chronicles the creation of numerous organizations located in various areas of the city, the movement of queer folxs into Capital Hill, ending with Acting Up against Aids.
LGBT Activism in Seattle History Project

The Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project from UW has a sub-project on LGBT Activism in Seattle. The project has a timeline of activism in the city, supported by photos, documents, film, and oral histories from local LGBT+ activists. The research includes a focus on LGBT youth and intersectionality, as well as connections between current LGBT activists and their predecessors.

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Additional Resources for indigenous students and their families attending Seattle Public Schools and other districts within the greater Seattle area and King County

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Additional Resources for indigenous students and their families attending Seattle Public Schools and other districts within the greater Seattle area and King County

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https://www.urbannativeeducation.org
This organization, UNEA provides educational, social and cultural support to Native youth and their families. Programs are youth centered and promote health, wellness, academic, socio-cultural success for youth, families and community.

https://seattleurbannatives.org
The SUNN, this collective advocacy group that currently works with 13 separate Native organizations which serve the American Indian and Alaska Native population in Seattle and King County. Services which SUNN provides and assists with are, civic engagement, health and social services, arts and culture, economic development, and education. They also  encourage and equip youth to take an active roles in  community, becoming advocates and strengthening their cultural identity and pride.

https://mothernation.org
Mother Nation is a grassroots Native American Organization which celebrates and inspires Native American families to honor the beauty, strength and honor of their culture. As well as to honor their ancestral roots, spirituality and family values. Mother Nation also offers culturally informed healing services custom designed and provided by Native American Elders who apply culture to clinical practice.

https://www.redeaglesoaring.org
Red Eagle Soaring is an organization which supports Native American youth through theater. It teaches the healing power of Native cultural traditions which promote social, physical, and intellectual engagement along with sharing and promoting Native arts and cultural life ways. RES also empowers Native youth to express themselves, take creative action on the issues that affect their lives, and sustain their cultural heritage. RES programming also supports the ‘Since Time Immemorial’ Washington state tribal history and sovereignty curriculum developed by the Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction.

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Visitors, please feel free to add additional resources that you find relevant to creating and understanding local histories here!

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Tell Untold or Undertold Histories

Make Absences Visible

Asking Questions Can Be As Good As Answering Them

Show Agency

Reveal Hidden Power Relationships

This resource connects with Levins Morales' Historian as Curandera through telling untold/undertold histories of Indigenous people in Washington state, in Seattle, and in SPS while also making absences of Indigenous people visible throughout curricula and instruction in SPS.  Furthermore, in the following "Lingering Questions" section, the Historian as Curandera principles of asking questions, showing agency, and revealing hidden power relationships are highlighted.

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The following resource is a link to the Since time Immemorial: Tribal Sovereignty in Washington State Curriculum on the OSPI website, which provides extensive information about the curriculum as well as lessons throughout SPS.

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The following resource is a link to the Since time Immemorial: Tribal Sovereignty in Washington State Curriculum on the OSPI website, which provides extensive information about the curriculum as well as lessons throughout SPS.

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Since Time Immemorial: Tribal Sovereignty in Washington State Curriculum (OSPI website)

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Other than on the website, how does SPS make these resources available to students and families?

Does SPS provide access to these resources in various modalities and languages?

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Tell Untold or Undertold Histories

Centering Women Changes the Landscape

Identify Strategic Pieces of Misinformation and Contradict Them

Make Absences Visible

This collection of resources connects to Levins Morales' Historian as Curandera through telling untold/undertold histories of Indigenous People in Washington state, in Seattle, and in SPS.  Additionally, these resources also include the Historian as Curandera principle of centering women through the links to information, articles, and webpages centering powerful and influential women in the Pacific Northwest and through providing information and resources about missing and murdered Indigenous women.  Furthermore, this collection of resources also connects to the principle of identifying strategic pieces of misinformation and contradicting them as well as making absences visible through providing resources not only for and about, but also with and by Indigenous people.

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Historian as Curandera Principles (Levins Morales, 1998)

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Historian as Curandera Principles (Levins Morales, 1998)

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1. Tell Untold or Undertold Histories

2. Centering Women Changes the Landscape

3. Identify Strategic Pieces of Misinformation and Contradict Them

4. Make Absences Visible

5. Asking Questions Can Be As Good As Answering Them

6. What Constitutes Evidence?

7. Show Agency

8. Show Complexity and Embrace Ambiguity and Contradiction

9. Reveal Hidden Power Relationships

10. Personalize

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The following collection of resources are all found on the Seattle Public Schools (SPS) website.  The resources work to tell untold/undertold histories of and for Indigenous People in Washington state, in Seattle, and in SPS.

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The following collection of resources are all found on the Seattle Public Schools (SPS) website.  The resources work to tell untold/undertold histories of and for Indigenous People in Washington state, in Seattle, and in SPS.

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Resources for Indigenous Students, Families, and Communities in SPS (on SPS website)
This link, found on the SPS website, includes many resources about Indigenous students, families, and communities in the SPS district.  The resources include, links to Indigenous artists and art, links to articles about Indigenous teachers of the year, and links to articles about awards.

Native American Youth Leadership Academy Application (on SPS website)
This resource is an application form for Indigenous students in SPS to join the Native American Youth Leadership Academy (NAYLA), which can be found on the SPS website.  The mission statement of this organization states: "We are Native American youth sharing the pride of our culture through education; building community through healthy relationships and service to the communities we live and serve in."

Indigenous Peoples’ Day Resources (SPS website)
This resource contains numerous links for Indigenous Peoples' Day and Native American History Month, which are split up into resources for various grade levels and teachers.  Additionally, there are links to news articles, video clips, and community events regarding Indigenous Peoples' Day and Native American History Month.  At the top of this resource, it states, "Seattle Public Schools strives to integrate Native past, present, and future into classrooms throughout the year.  Below are the Indigenous Peoples’ Day recommendations for teachers and students and their families."

Native American History (SPS website)
Native American History Month (NAHM) Profile (SPS website)
This resource includes information about Native American History Month and various resources SPS has created and/or provided, which include a link to the American Indian Studies webpage, a link to the American Indian Resource Library, a link to resources for learning more about Native American Heritage, a link to learning more about Indigenous artwork, and a "Did You Know?" slideshow with information and facts about Indigenous people throughout Washington state, history, sports, art, religion, and pop culture.  The summary at the top of this resource states, "Native American Heritage is more than a month. This is a time to raise awareness of how tribal citizens are working to improve the lives of all people."

American Indian Studies: Since Time Immemorial (SPS website)
This resource includes an article entitled "No More Stolen Sisters: in May we recognize the crisis of Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women in Indian Country" with links to the Missing Indigenous Persons website and to the Murdered and Missing Indigenous Women (MMIW) website.  This resource also includes a short article about the role of Indigenous women throughout history with a link to another SPS resource with additional information about powerful and influential Northwest American Indian Women who are changing the world.  Furthermore, this resource also contains a short article with additional resources about Black History Month and Black Indigenous people.  Also, this resource includes information about the "Since Time Immemorial: Tribal Sovereignty in Washington State" SPS curriculum, which will be talked more about in the following resource.

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For this project, our group considered how one might go about constructing local histories, using Levins Morales' "Historian as Curandera" framework as a guide. We wanted to put Levins Morales' principles into action as we searched for resources that could be used to build medicinal local histories.

To think about how this process of identifying sources and resources to write local histories might differ for different types of communities, we intentionally chose two distinct local histories. Specifically, we explored the experiences of Indigenous youth and communities in Seattle Public Schools and the LBGTQIA+ community in Capitol Hill. As we suspected, we found that some of the types of sources (such as minutes from meetings, institutional websites) overlapped and were accessible for both communities, but others were very different (for example, many oral histories have been collected on the LGBTQIA+ community in Seattle, and can be used to identify histories of Capitol Hill, but these don't exist in the same way for the Indigenous community in Seattle Public Schools).

We hope that this project serves as a guide for those seeking to construct healing, medicinal local histories. Please feel free to add to the "Additional Resources" tab as you explore the Padlet.

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Histories of the LGBT+ Community in Capitol Hill, Seattle

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Histories of the LGBT+ Community in Capitol Hill, Seattle

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Histories of Indigenous Students in Seattle Public Schools (SPS)

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Histories of Indigenous Students in Seattle Public Schools (SPS)