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Yalta Conference Drafts Post-War Plan - Feb 1945

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Yalta Conference Drafts Post-War Plan - Feb 1945

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A meeting held during World War II by the USA, England, and Russia (FDR, Churchill, and Stalin) to discuss strategy and what would happen after the world war. At Yalta, Russia promised to enter the war against Japan in exchange for some territory in Asia and an economic sphere of influence in China

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NOTE TO READERS
"Milestones in the History of U.S. Foreign Relations" has been retired and is no longer maintained. For more information, please see the full notice.

The Yalta Conference took place in a Russian resort town in the Crimea from February 4-11, 1945, during World War Two. At Yalta, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin made important decisions regarding the future progress of the war and the postwar world.

World Leaders at the Yalta Conference

The Allied leaders came to Yalta knowing that an Allied victory in Europe was practically inevitable but less convinced that the Pacific war was nearing an end. Recognizing that a victory over Japan might require a protracted fight, the United States and Great Britain saw a major strategic advantage to Soviet participation in the Pacific theater. At Yalta, Roosevelt and Churchill discussed with Stalin the conditions under which the Soviet Union would enter the war against Japan and all three agreed that, in exchange for potentially crucial Soviet participation in the Pacific theater, the Soviets would be granted a sphere of influence in Manchuria following Japan's surrender. This included the southern portion of Sakhalin, a lease at Port Arthur (now Lüshunkou), a share in the operation of the Manchurian railroads, and the Kurile Islands. This agreement was the major concrete accomplishment of the Yalta Conference.

The Allied leaders also discussed the future of Germany, Eastern Europe and the United Nations. Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin agreed not only to include France in the postwar governing of Germany, but also that Germany should assume some, but not all, responsibility for reparations following the war. The Americans and the British generally agreed that future governments of the Eastern European nations bordering the Soviet Union should be "friendly" to the Soviet regime while the Soviets pledged to allow free elections in all territories liberated from Nazi Germany. Negotiators also released a declaration on Poland, providing for the inclusion of Communists in the postwar national government. In discussions regarding the future of the United Nations, all parties agreed to an American plan concerning voting procedures in the Security Council, which had been expanded to five permanent members following the inclusion of France. Each of these permanent members was to hold a veto on decisions before the Security Council.

Initial reaction to the Yalta agreements was celebratory. Roosevelt and many other Americans viewed it as proof that the spirit of U.S.-Soviet wartime cooperation would carry over into the postwar period. This sentiment, however, was short lived. With the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt on April 12, 1945, Harry S. Truman became the thirty-third president of the United States. By the end of April, the new administration clashed with the Soviets over their influence in Eastern Europe, and over the United Nations. Alarmed at the perceived lack of cooperation on the part of the Soviets, many Americans began to criticize Roosevelt's handling of the Yalta negotiations. To this day, many of Roosevelt's most vehement detractors accuse him of "handing over" Eastern Europe and Northeast Asia to the Soviet Union at Yalta despite the fact that the Soviets did make many substantial concessions.

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Milestones: 1937-1945 - Office of the Historian

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Truman, Stalin, and Churchill had become the worlds "Big Three" world leaders and allies and talked about the future after the war. USA had dropped a small bomb on Japan in hopes for surrender, unfortunately that didn't happen and the USA continued to drop two larger atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

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Iron Curtain Speech, Winston Churchill - March 5, 1946

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Iron Curtain Speech, Winston Churchill - March 5, 1946

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Harry Truman asked Churchill to come speak at a college in Missouri, Churchill agreed and gave the speech. The speech included the special relationship the US and the UK have, as well as using the phrase "an iron curtain has descended across the continent" when addressing the WW2 alliance break. He also stressed the importance of checking in over the soviet union.

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The Truman Doctrine was created to help aid and support all democratic countries under threat. It was created by president Harry Truman. It was different than the Marshall plan by extending to all of western Europe. It provided a free market economy and defense against communism.

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The announcement of the Marshall Plan - June 1947

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The announcement of the Marshall Plan - June 1947

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After World War 2, Europe was left with needed repairs. The USA sent 13 billion dollars to help aid and rebuild the country. The Marshall plan was a plan to restore the European economy and to give foreign aid to other countries. From April of 1948 - December of 1951, the US shipped struggling European countries food, supplies, fuel, money, ect to help them regain their footing. During this the US helped create new markets for exports.

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The Berlin Blockade and Airlift were separate but hand in hand events. Becuase of the Marshall plan and Turman doctrine, preventing the spread of communism, the USSR blocks off all access to countries allied with the US. To get these countries supplies, the US airlifts all their supplies to them. Food, fuel, and other supplies are airlifted to the countries without access.

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NATO alliance is formed - April 4th 1949

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NATO alliance is formed - April 4th 1949

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The North Atlantic Alliance Organization stands for NATO. NATO was formed for the purpose of securing peace in Europe, promote cooperation between members, and to guard their freedoms. As well as keeping the Soviet union at bay. NATO was signed by the US and several European counties. This organization makes sure they all follow democracy, the rule of laws, and individual liberty and the big idea of collective defence.

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Russians test their Atomic bomb - Aug 20, 1949

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Russians test their Atomic bomb - Aug 20, 1949

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"First lightning" was the name of the first successful Atomic bomb by the USSR. For testing purposes they staged buildings, bridges, and animals around the bomb to see the affects. The blast was very similar to the first american atomic bomb, the trinity. The US found out about the bomb testing and its success, which lead President Truman to tell the Americans that USSR also had an atomic bomb. This led the president to order the hydrogen bomb, which was much more deadly.

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Mao Zedong wins Chinese Civil War and creates the Peoples Republic of China - Oct 1, 1949

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Mao Zedong wins Chinese Civil War and creates the Peoples Republic of China - Oct 1, 1949

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The Qing Dynasty is overthrown and the Republic of China is created. They were trying to become modernized like Japan. A man named Sun overthrows the dynasty in China. It ends up being unsuccessful and Sun later dies. The Chinese Republic was then split into two, pro and anti communist, leading to a war between the two, known as the Chinese Civil War. Even though the two parts if the republic hate eachtherm they hate japan more, which causes them to come together to conquer japan. japan surrenders. the communist end up winning the war and the US begins to panic becuase they do not want to become communist.

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McCarthyism and The Red Scare in the US - Feb, 1950

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McCarthyism and The Red Scare in the US - Feb, 1950

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The Red Scare was the fear of communism. The fear of people who follow it, the fear of it taking over the world, ect. Many us citizens were accused of being apart of communism and or supporting it. The red scare was apart of the campaign to expose communist or those who are suspected. However, there was only a small amount of americans who followed communism. Becuase of the fear there were many investigations among americans. Also due to a couple who cuased this fear, who were spies for the soviets against america.

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After Japans surrender in 1945, the united states took control of the southern half of japan while the soviet union took control of the northern half, forming north and south korea. This caused tensions to rise between the two sides of the border. President Truman and the united states were very afraid of communism spreading and they were worried that North Korea was Russia's first step in world domination. After they invaded south korea, Truman knew he had to step in and take action. North korea had a good start and almost drove the south out, but the us forces came back with more supplies to help aid and support. This helped them fight back and defeat past the 38th parallel. The climate of north and south korea made combat misreable during all seasons. two years after the fighting began, niether side was making much gain. The war was short, but many were killed and wounded on both military sides. As well as many korean civillias. The 38th parrallel still seperates the two to this day.

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H-Bomb Tested by USA on Bikini Atoll - March 1st, 1954

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H-Bomb Tested by USA on Bikini Atoll - March 1st, 1954

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The Hydrogen Bomb is much more powerful and stronger then an Atomic bomb, the h-bomb was tested on the bikini atoll islands. They tested the bomb to see how the bomb works differently then a regular atomic bomb

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The KGB was the Soviet Unions security and intelligence agency, or the "secret police". It stands for the "komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti" or state security. It was used to find and silence dissidents who promoted anticommunist.

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CIA overthrows unfriendly governments in Iran and Guatemala - March 1954

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CIA overthrows unfriendly governments in Iran and Guatemala - March 1954

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during this time period the us was at the point of trying to stop the spread of communism. they looked more towards that idea then trying to foster the democratic governments. After the Spanish american war, Guatemala was okay with going along with all the US economical interests as long as they got american support. The UFC, the ultimate fruit company, had control over lots of guatamalan infrastructure. They had a monopoly over their banana exports at one point. When Jacobo Arbenz came into power, he wanted the poor to live better so he used the dangerous method of land reforming. Land reforming was the idea to take unculturvated land away from wealthy land owners for the poor. This idea led to more agriculture output and a better economy. With this idea, the United Fruit company began to worry and become angry. The us worried that this dispute would create and spread more communism so they sent CIA agents to guatamala and started operation PBFORTUNE. The plan to was so assainate "communist". A new plan was created called PBSUCCESS and its plan was to overthrow the guatamalan governemnet. The last plan created was called PBHISTORY which was meant to get a connection to the USSR but was the only one that didnt work.

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The USSR formed this group in counteraction to the NATO group formed. The Warsaw pact included the USSR and several other central and eastern European countries. This group was created for alliances and to reinforce communism.

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Dubna is a Russian College. Russia and the USA are racing against one another to find and create elements on the periodtic table. Research race agasint UC Berkley and Dubna. The race is to find the most non natural occurring elements and minerals.

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The rebellion was started when University Students went to protest against the USSR's domination of Hungary. The Red Army was told to put down the uprising with force. The soviet troops attacked and abolished their independent national government.

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The IBCM, or intercontinental ballistic missile, was first successfully launched by the USSR. This launch caused panic in the USA regarding the missile gap between the USA and the USSR, seeing as they both were trying to perfect the missile.

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Sputnik launched into orbit - Oct 4, 1917

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Sputnik launched into orbit - Oct 4, 1917

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Sputnik, a beach ball sized satellite, was the first successful space launch. The Soviets created the Sputnik. This led to the "space Race" against the US and the USSR. The Sputnik's goal was to test putting an artificial satellite into orbit. It was in space for about 3 months and went on over 1400 orbits. Sputnik 1 was followed by Sputnik 2 shortly after, which had a live dog on it, completing the first ever living being in space.

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Fidel Castro takes power in Cuba - Jan 1959

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Fidel Castro takes power in Cuba - Jan 1959

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Castro, as a young lawyer and activist, wanted to be a congress man. Seeking to gain something, he led a raid, against army barracks. This raid led to almost everyones death who was involved. He and his brother were both later imprissoned. This led his reputation to be seen as a revolutionalized leader. Fidel Castro later leads the Cuban Revolution.

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U2 Spy Plane shot down over the USSR - May 1960

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U2 Spy Plane shot down over the USSR - May 1960

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A spy plane, full of cameras with high zoom and other features, to fly over other countries military bases and gather information and data. Flown at high altitudes to avoid missiles, USSR shot it down with missiles that carry their own oxygen. Soviets take pilot and broadcasts his trial on television as spy.

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Failed Bay of Pigs invasion Cuba - April 1961

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Failed Bay of Pigs invasion Cuba - April 1961

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Fidel Castro, leader of Cuba, is pro communism. The US is trying to contain and control the spread of communism. The US CIA trains and hides cuban exiles who dislike Fidel, they are preparing an attack on Castro. The attack is short lived and easily defeated by Castro and his Army

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Construction of the Berlin Wall - Aug 17, 1961

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Construction of the Berlin Wall - Aug 17, 1961

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The Berlin wall was built very fast to prevent people from feeling west and being free. Over 2 million east Germans escaped before the wall went up. The wall was built within 2 walls, one was a 12 ft concrete barrier, and in the middle of the other wall was "no mans land" which was a middle strip between the 2 walls. There were also about 300 watch towers

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The US had spy planes fly over Cuba and see ICBM missiles all pointed at major cities of the US. JFK plans for an invasion. 100's of thousands of troops are called for a full scale invasion on Cuba. JFK calls for a blockade first, surrounding the island with the US navy. Ships going to Cuba are stopped and searched, if the weapons are on board, they are sent back to Soviet Union. Through back-channel diplomacy, the US and Cuba come to a deal. The deal is that the Soviet's will take their missiles out of Cuba if we do not threaten Cuba and take out our missiles out of turkey and Italy.

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Nuclear Test Ban Treaty ratified - July 1963

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Nuclear Test Ban Treaty ratified - July 1963

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It was signed by the US secretary Dean Rusk and Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko, and British Foreign Secretary Lord Home. The US, the USSR, and the United Kingdom agreed to ban all test of nuclear weapons except those conducted underground. The treaty was a success and it stopped the spread of radioactive nuclear material through atmospheric testing. It was President Kennedy who opposed testing. He saw this as the first step to nuclear disarmament.

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Gulf of Tonkin accident and resolution - Aug 1964  

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Gulf of Tonkin accident and resolution - Aug 1964  

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President Johnson wanted to retaliate and to promote the maintenance of international peace and security in southeast Asia. It was a joint resolution of Congress to increase US involvement in the war between North and South Vietnam. Johnson proposed the resolution after two alleged unprokved attacks in the Gulf of Tonkin by North Vietnamese torpedo boats. When the resolution passed it led to the direct involvment of the US in the Vietname war.

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US Marines sent to the Dominican Republic to fight communism - April 1965 

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US Marines sent to the Dominican Republic to fight communism - April 1965 

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The US Marines were sent to the Dominican Republic to fight communism. They feared communism would spread in that region rapidly. The Marines helped stablize the situation and prevent the establishment of a communism government in the Dominican Republic. It was successful and the US was able to prevent the spread of communism. Prisident Kennedy had concerns that communism would spread in Latin America. He beilved it was important to prevent the rise of communism in this region.

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US Marines sent to the Dominican Republic to fight communism

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US announcement to dispatch 200,000 US troops to Vietnam - July 1965 

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US announcement to dispatch 200,000 US troops to Vietnam - July 1965 

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The US beiived it was necessary to support South V. in their fight against communist forces. The main goal was to prevent a further spread of communism. There are many options on wheather it was a success or not. Some beilvied it stopped the spread and other bielved it was unsuccessful and lose of lives.

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US dispatch 200,000 US troops to Vietnam

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B-52s Bomb Northern Vietnam in Operation Rolling Thunder - 1966

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B-52s Bomb Northern Vietnam in Operation Rolling Thunder - 1966

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During operation Rolling Thunder the US military used b-52 bombs to conduct massive airstrikes in vietnam. This was used as an effort to weaken the Norths abilities and resources. The plan dropped tons of bombs and caused much damage.

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B-52s Bomb Northern Vietnam in Operation Rolling Thunder

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The Red Army crushes the Czechoslovakian Revolt - Aug 1968

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The Red Army crushes the Czechoslovakian Revolt - Aug 1968

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The Soviet Union ordered the Red Army to go into Czechoslovakia to suppress the Prague spring sunrise. They crushed the Revolt and reestablished control over the country. It was a big setback for the hopes of liberating independence in Czechoslovakia. There were many reasons behind the Prague Spring uprising. They desired for political reform, economical independence, and more freedom. It challenged the control of the Communist party.

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The Red Army crushes the Czechoslovakian Revolt 

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NASA Mission Control Center, Houston, TX

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The Apollo 11 lands on the moon - July 20th 1969

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The Apollo 11 lands on the moon - July 20th 1969

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During the space race. The US and the USSR were in a race to see who could get the first man on the moon. The US victory was huge. Neil Armstrong and Edwin were the first men on the moon.

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The publication of the Pentagon papers - 1971

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The publication of the Pentagon papers - 1971

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The publication of the Pentagon papers was a huge scandal. It was meant to expose the US government about their actions during the Vietnam war. The papers revealved information the government had been hiding from the public. this led the public to no longer trust the government. The papers contained secrets that the government had kept, such as bombings, misleading statements, ect.

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Great Wall of China, Huairou District, China

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President Nixon visits China - Feb 1972 

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President Nixon visits China - Feb 1972 

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On Feb 1972 Nixon visits china. Goes to the Great Wall and meets with the communist Chinese government and begins normalizing with them. Richard Nixon goes to China and reastablishes diplomic relations and trade deals. Beggining of the rise of China economically. This showed the Detente, lessening of tensions, was shown. Nixon is trying to get communist China away from communist Russians

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This treaty is a treaty that lessens the number of nukes, the type of nuke, and where they can test the nukes in America and Russia. It's basically a limitations treaty. although now today American and Russia have pulled out of these treaties.

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The US supported coup overthrows the Chilean government - Sept 1973

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The US supported coup overthrows the Chilean government - Sept 1973

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The US worked hard to end a diplomacy in Chile to bring in a new right-sided leader. During this more then 3,000 people would be disappeared or killed and some 38,000 would become political prisoners. This turned attention on America as there hold was being lessened. this made coup something unlike anything ever before and pointed out everything wrong going on in Chile.

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The US supported coup overthrows the Chilean government

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Egypt and Syria attack Israel : Egypt request Soviet aid - OCt 1973

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Egypt and Syria attack Israel : Egypt request Soviet aid - OCt 1973

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Egypt and Syria planned and made this a surprise attack on Israel. They repelled this attack only as a result of Nixon helping and aiding the Israel government. This kept on another surprise attack and more until Syria and Egypt had control over sinai and Golan. Also with Soviet powers helping, it ultimately made things worst with America putting pressure on them with nukes it ended in a peace negotiation

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South Vietnam falls to Northern Vietnam - April 17th 1975 

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South Vietnam falls to Northern Vietnam - April 17th 1975 

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The south fell to the North due to the lack of their own strategies and the superior strategies of the north. American troops also retreated as a result of the predidcted fall of south vietnam to north vietnam. As well as noth Vietnams fast acting attacks. They also had large scale attacks, causing more damage. Overrunning the provincial capital at Phuoc Binh came to the end as the south fell.

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Soviet and Cuban forces help to install Communist government in Angola - Feb 1976

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Soviet and Cuban forces help to install Communist government in Angola - Feb 1976

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After a successful coup in Portugal, becoming independent from Portugal, and ending an authoritian regiam, new rules in Lisbon sought to grow their empire to Angola. This grew from the Angola civil war, agasisnt the MLPA, who were communist, and the UNITA, who were anti communist, to part of the cold war race due to tensions between America and the Soviet Union

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Smithsonian National Zoological Park, Connecticut Avenue Northwest, Washington, DC

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US and China officially establish diplomatic relations and trade - Panda Diplomacy - Jan 1979 

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US and China officially establish diplomatic relations and trade - Panda Diplomacy - Jan 1979 

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China has always been a great economical import and export country. As it became communist, Nixon reliazed he had full diplomatic ties and connections with China. China also gave the US zoo its first Panda, with a high cost. The Chinese have cut off ties to Moscow and began mass production of goods.

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US and China officially establish diplomatic relations and trade

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War fought between China and Vietnam. The US leaves south Vietnam 1973 and the south falls to the north in 1975. it turns to one big communist country and turns other neighboring countries communist. A cambodian citizen, colepot, is an extreme communist. Colepot kills anyone who supports anything western culture. Communist Vietnam sees this and overthrows communist camdobia. communist China sees this and starts a fight against communist Vietnam. Boarder fight between vietnam and China.

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Shah of Iran overthrown; Iran hostage crisist begins - Nov 1979 

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Shah of Iran overthrown; Iran hostage crisist begins - Nov 1979 

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Shah = king of Iran. With decades of bad blood between the US and Iran, In the fall of 1979, university students broke in and stromed the US Ambassey. They took 60 american citizens and take them hostage for over 444 days. they want their shah back, who was reciving cancer treatments in the US, and they will give the hostages back. After 444 days they send a rescue mission. The mission was failed. Ronald Reagan was the next president and immedently got them back.

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Shah of Iran overthrown; Iran hostage crisist begins

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Soviet forces invade Afghanistan - Dec 1979 

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Soviet forces invade Afghanistan - Dec 1979 

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"the grave yard of empires". Communist government but the people are conservative citizens and overthrow that government because of their religious beliefs. During the time of transfering governments, the soviets step in after and attempt to overtake Afghanistan for 10 years in warfare. They fail and eventually leave after much loss.

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US Hockey defeats USSR at winter olympics - Feb 22, 1980 

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US Hockey defeats USSR at winter olympics - Feb 22, 1980 

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The US hockey team is all college students and the USSR has all their best players, the US is expected to lose. They shockingly win the hockey game, " miricle on ice".

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US Hockey defeats USSR at winter olympics 

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US Boycotts Summer Olympics - June-Aug 1980

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US Boycotts Summer Olympics - June-Aug 1980

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The summer Olympics are being held in Moscow, since the USSR just failed / tried to invade Afghanistan, the US and many other countries boycott, don't go, to their Olympics. This upsets them because they didn't get to show off their Olympics.

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SDI, or strategic Defense initiative, was Reagans plan of defense against the soviets military threat. He wanted the Americans to know the cost was costly but it was a necessary defense program. He wanted this program so that it would no longer be " both US and USSR both have nuclear powers" but instead the US has a permeate solution for defenses.

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US troops invade and overthrow a regime in Grenada - Oct 1983

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US troops invade and overthrow a regime in Grenada - Oct 1983

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The us was sending lots of troops into Grenada to try and free the island from the cubans. Lots of ammo and guns to try and end it as quickly as possible. The troops were still facing lots of Cuban fire. The us was trying to get an early submission. They used airstrikes to try and have the groundforces get a better position. The us had about 600 captive cuban and expected more. The us troops found russian and cuban communication equitment and ammo/artillerary in large amounts.

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US troops invade and overthrow a regime in Grenada

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Eastern bloc boycotts LA Summer Olympics - July-Aug 1984

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Eastern bloc boycotts LA Summer Olympics - July-Aug 1984

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The USSR, still upset about their olympics being boycotted, decided that they and 14 other countries will boycott the Los Angeles summer olympics of '84.

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Gorbachev begins "glasnost" and "perestroika" in efforts to reform the USSR - 1985 

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Gorbachev begins "glasnost" and "perestroika" in efforts to reform the USSR - 1985 

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In '85 Gorbachev becomes the general secretary of the USSR and the communist party. He knows the economy needs help and he has a plan to fix it. Purple birthmark guy. The US is in dept massivally, which only means the USSR is much wrost. Conditions of the depression. Gorbachev starts a plan for a reform, Glasnost and perestroika. He wants life better for his people and better overall in the USSR. Glasnost = openness for indivisuals and other countries, so much more freedom. Perestroika = restructuring. he wants to restructure the economy, manfucaturing, investment, banking, competition, ect, ect, all for the happiness of the soviets community and for the horrible economicis. Unforturantally its too late and his plan doesnt work and he will be the last leader of the USSR.

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Soviet troops withdraw from Afghanistan - Jan 1989

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Soviet troops withdraw from Afghanistan - Jan 1989

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After more than 8 years there, soviet start their withdraw from Afghanistan. During the time of the soviets stay, there was a conflict between Afgan-muslim rebles, who disliked communism, and the soviets and there the two battled eachother. This war cost the soviets lots of money and deaths and strained the relationship between the us and soviets so they withdrew

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Poland, Hungary, Czechosolvokia, Bulgaria, and Romania oust Communism governments - 1989  

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Poland, Hungary, Czechosolvokia, Bulgaria, and Romania oust Communism governments - 1989  

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Ousting the communist governments in Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, and Romania was an important moment as it led to the end of the Eastern bloc (berlin was no longer seperated) each country revolted and broke away from the communist rule differently, some with revolutions, protest, and others just resignation. This also helped end the cold war. The change in government allowed for democratic reforms, free elections, and more freedom oppertunities.

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These protesters were student-led demonstrations held in Tiananmen Square. Protesters demanded an end to corruption within the communist party and called for democratic reforms. They also advocated for freedom of press, speech, and social equality. Other issues included in these protests were about economical reform, inflaction, polictical corruption, and nepotism within in china. The government wanted and end to these protests so they send military troops to the square, this military action led to the deaths of many protesters.

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Becuase of the wall, lots of people fled and left east germany, shrinking the populations. This caused more issues economically and politicaly. The basic treaty was created which reconized east geremany pragmatically and west germany had hope for reunification. With lots of revolting they attemped to make things better with travle permits but that inly upsetted east berliners. The gaurds opened the gated and east berliners flooded to west. this led to people breaking down the wall and celebrating the end of the wall

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Boris Yeltsin elected as President of Russia - May 1990 

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Boris Yeltsin elected as President of Russia - May 1990 

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Boris Yeltsin was the president that ended the soviet union. There was a quo against him but the people supported his ideas. He supported freedom of the press and was open to the western culture. he reached for government changes like disbanding the communist parliament and calling for elections. he was also the first president of the "new russia"

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Boris Yeltsin elected as President of Russia - May 1990

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After ww2, Germany was divided into 2. East and West Germany, also know as German Democratic Republic and the Federal Republic. The division of the two was effected by the cold war sides, with west germany aligned with western democracities and the east geramns under the soviets control. Some people thought it was a bad idea after ww2 for the disagreeing sides to be reunited, however Germany came get back from hardship with good democracy and industrial heart of the european union

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USSR dissolved, 15 Republics gained independence, including Russia : Fall of the soviet union - Aug 1991

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USSR dissolved, 15 Republics gained independence, including Russia : Fall of the soviet union - Aug 1991

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This event is when the cold war ended. The USSR ended due to the economy being poor. The state lost control of the media and public discourse, and democratic reform movements gained momentum across the soviet bloc. The soviets economy had large challenges like inefficiency, corruption, and a lack of innovation. attempts at reforms were insufficient to address these issues, leading to this economic deline. this collpase is what led to the 15 republics gaining independence.