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Concepts to Know:

1. Attention to detail

2. Religious Symbolism

3. New Naturalism

4. Oil paiint: subtle effects of light and dark, modeling, greater details, glowing colors

5. Art can be owned by middle class (especially prints)

6. Mostly religious art; also portraiture

7. Details of modern life (cityscapes, interiors, etc.)

8. Fantastical creatures/demons (Bosch, Schongauer)

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Jan van Eyck. The "Arnolfini Portrait". 1434

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Jan van Eyck. The "Arnolfini Portrait". 1434

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"Almost evey object portrayed converys the sanctity of the event, specifically, the holiness of matrimony" (Gardener's Art Throught the Ages)

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Jan van Eyck. Man in a Red Turban (Self-Portrait?). 1433

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Jan van Eyck. Man in a Red Turban (Self-Portrait?). 1433

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Hubert and Jan van Eyck. Ghent Altarpiece (open), Church of St. Bavo, Ghent, Belgium. Completed 1432

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Hubert and Jan van Eyck. Ghent Altarpiece (open), Church of St. Bavo, Ghent, Belgium. Completed 1432

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Hubert and Jan van Eyck, Ghent Altarpiece (closed), Church of St Bavo, Ghent, Belgium. Completed 1432

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Hubert and Jan van Eyck, Ghent Altarpiece (closed), Church of St Bavo, Ghent, Belgium. Completed 1432

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Grisaille = using only values of black, gray, and white

Polyptych = many panels

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Rogier van der Weyden. Descent from the Cross. ca. 1435

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Rogier van der Weyden. Descent from the Cross. ca. 1435

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Workshop of Rober Campin. Annuciation Triptych. ca. 1425-30 

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Workshop of Rober Campin. Annuciation Triptych. ca. 1425-30 

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triphtych = a religious picture with one central panel and two hinged wings

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It is focused on Midieval art

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Hieronymus Bosch, The Last Judgment, c. 1482

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Hieronymus Bosch, The Last Judgment, c. 1482

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This is the garden of earthly delights. It has the plan of salvation, on the left there is the war in Heaven, the fall of Adam and Eve, seeing them being tempted and being born. the middle and right is hell and the punishment for disobeying the 7 sins

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Martin Schongauer, St. Anthony Tormented by Demons, ca. 1480-1490

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Martin Schongauer, St. Anthony Tormented by Demons, ca. 1480-1490

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Intaglio = incised

They have been experimenting with monsters and the details in them.

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Jacques Daret. Woodcut of St. Christopher, Annunciation (detail). ca. 1435

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Jacques Daret. Woodcut of St. Christopher, Annunciation (detail). ca. 1435

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St. Christopher is carring Jesus.

This was a print that people could buy and hang in their houses.

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This was made out of wood cuts and a printing press. It allowed people to have the art in their homes.

This is St. Christopher who was always there for the children. He would faire children across the river.

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Flanders (parts of France, England, Belgium, and Netherlands)

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1. Aristocratic Patrons

2. Rich Materials

3. Elegant Figures

4. Naturalistic Details

5. Love of Pattern

6. Symbolism

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Late Gothic Art in Northern Europe - International Gothic Style

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We see acosiation with royalty, it is an aid to prayer. this was King Richard II

The King is paying devotion to Mary and Jesus

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Late Gothic Art in Northern Europe - International Gothic Style

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Late Gothic Art in Northern Europe - International Gothic Style

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Limbourg Brothers. July page, Les Tres Riches Heures du Duc de Berry 1413-16

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Limbourg Brothers. July page, Les Tres Riches Heures du Duc de Berry 1413-16

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Late Gothic Art in Northern Europe - International Gothic Style

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Late Gothic Art in Northern Europe - International Gothic Style

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Late Gothic Art in Northern Europe - International Gothic Style

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Late Gothic Art in Northern Europe - International Gothic Style

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Late Gothic Art in Northern Europe - International Gothic Style

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Limbourg Brothers. January page, Les Tres Riches Heures du Duc de Berry. 1413-16

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Limbourg Brothers. January page, Les Tres Riches Heures du Duc de Berry. 1413-16

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This is a book of hours, also known as a prayer book, they have pictures of time, allows people to know when crops should be done and other things.

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Late Gothic Art in Northern Europe - International Gothic Style

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Clause Sluter. The Well of Moses, Chartreuse de Champmol, France. 1395-1406

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Clause Sluter. The Well of Moses, Chartreuse de Champmol, France. 1395-1406

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John 4:13-14

We are left with the bottom part becuase the top was destroyed during a war. These prophets are the ones who have testified of Christ. It used to be painted. A prophet with horns is Moses

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Theme: Bridge between Gothic and Renaissance

Whats Going on in Europe in the 1400's

1. Printing Press (c. 1450)

2. Manufacturing and Trade (beginnings of a middle class)

3. Scientific discoveries and exploration (Columbus, etc.)

4. Education and Humanism

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Giovannino dei Grass. Hours of Giangalezzo Viscounti. ca. 1395

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Giovannino dei Grass. Hours of Giangalezzo Viscounti. ca. 1395

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The Bubonic Plague spreads across Europe, 1347-1351

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The Bubonic Plague spreads across Europe, 1347-1351

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1. The 1340's brought a series of catastrophes to Italian city-states: warfare, bankruptcy, crop failures, famine, and then the bubonic plague in 1348, which wiped out more than half of populations of Florence and Siena.

2. Venice was a trade city, you will be able to see a lot of different cultures added into one building.

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Ambrogio Lorenzetti. Good Government in the Country

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Ambrogio Lorenzetti. Good Government in the Country

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One of the first landscape paintings

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Ambrogio Lorenzetti. Good Government in the City

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Ambrogio Lorenzetti. Good Government in the City

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Ambrogio Lorenzetti. Allegory of Good Government (left), Good Government in the City (right), and portion of Good Government in the Country (far right), Sala della Pace, Palazzo Pubblico, Siena. 1338-40

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Ambrogio Lorenzetti. Allegory of Good Government (left), Good Government in the City (right), and portion of Good Government in the Country (far right), Sala della Pace, Palazzo Pubblico, Siena. 1338-40

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Duccio. Annunciation of the Death of the Virgin, from the Maesta Altar. Museo dell'Opera del Duomo, Siena

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Duccio. Annunciation of the Death of the Virgin, from the Maesta Altar. Museo dell'Opera del Duomo, Siena

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He is holding a vase of lilies, Mary is still pure

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Duccio. Madonna Enthroned, center of the Maesta Altar. 1308-11

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Duccio. Madonna Enthroned, center of the Maesta Altar. 1308-11

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They have lots of prophets and other people coming to worship and give thanks to Christ

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Duccio. Maesta Altar (reconstructed). 1308-11

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Duccio. Maesta Altar (reconstructed). 1308-11

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Giotto, Noli Me Tangere, c. 1305-1310. Fresco. Arena Chapel, Padua

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Giotto, Noli Me Tangere, c. 1305-1310. Fresco. Arena Chapel, Padua

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Giotto, Pentecost, c. 1305-1310. Fresco. Arena Chapel, Padua

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Giotto, Pentecost, c. 1305-1310. Fresco. Arena Chapel, Padua

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Giotto, Ascention, c. 1305-1310. Fresco. Arena Chapel, Padua

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Giotto, Ascention, c. 1305-1310. Fresco. Arena Chapel, Padua

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Giotto, The Crucifixion, c. 1305-1310. Fresco. Arena Chapel, Padua

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Giotto, The Crucifixion, c. 1305-1310. Fresco. Arena Chapel, Padua

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Giotto, The Expulsion of the Merchants from the Temple, c. 1305-1310. Fresco. Arena Chapel, Padua

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Giotto, The Expulsion of the Merchants from the Temple, c. 1305-1310. Fresco. Arena Chapel, Padua

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Giotto. Christ Entering Jerusalem, 1305-06. Fresco. Arena Chapel

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Giotto. Christ Entering Jerusalem, 1305-06. Fresco. Arena Chapel

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Giotto, Raising of Lazarus, c. 1305-1310. Fresco. Arena Chapel, Padua

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Giotto, Raising of Lazarus, c. 1305-1310. Fresco. Arena Chapel, Padua

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Giotto, Marriage at Cana, c. 1305-1310. Fresco. Arena Chapel, Padua

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Giotto, Marriage at Cana, c. 1305-1310. Fresco. Arena Chapel, Padua

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Giotto, Baptism of Christ, c. 1305-1310. Fresco. Arena Chapel, Padua

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Giotto, Baptism of Christ, c. 1305-1310. Fresco. Arena Chapel, Padua

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Giotto. The Lamentation, Arena (Scrovegni) Chapel, Padua. 1305-06

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Giotto. The Lamentation, Arena (Scrovegni) Chapel, Padua. 1305-06

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This is after they take Christ off of the cross. Everyone, even the angeles were mourning. Mary is the one holding Christ.

This is the first time that the backs of people were pained.

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Giotto. Christ Entering Jerusalem, Arena (Scrovegni) Chapel, Padua. 1305-06

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Giotto. Christ Entering Jerusalem, Arena (Scrovegni) Chapel, Padua. 1305-06

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This is Christ entering Jerusalum. It is made out of Fresco,

there is demention because of the shadows, and overlaping dementions

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Giotto, The Last Judgment, c. 1305-1310. Arena Chapel, Padua

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Giotto, The Last Judgment, c. 1305-1310. Arena Chapel, Padua

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He is dipicted on the right side of Christ.

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Interior of Arena (Scrovegni) Chapel, Padua. 1305-06

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Interior of Arena (Scrovegni) Chapel, Padua. 1305-06

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Arena (Scrovegni) Chapel, Padua. 1305-06

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Arena (Scrovegni) Chapel, Padua. 1305-06

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Cimabue. Mandonna Enthroned. ca. 1280-90

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Cimabue. Mandonna Enthroned. ca. 1280-90

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These are painted alter pieces.

Mary is on the throne with baby Jesus. There are angles surrounding them and the prophets under them. This is influenced from Byzantine.

The robes are very stylized

They have a heiratic style

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Palazzo della Signoria (Palazzo Vecchio), Florence. Begun 1298

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Palazzo della Signoria (Palazzo Vecchio), Florence. Begun 1298

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Regular people lived in this building, not royalty. It looks like a gothic castle. It is made out of rustic heavy stone.

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Andrea Pisano. The Baptism of Christ, from the South doors, Baptistery of San Giovanni, Florence. 1330-36

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Andrea Pisano. The Baptism of Christ, from the South doors, Baptistery of San Giovanni, Florence. 1330-36

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They have body porportions and clothes that covers them, the dove is the Holy Ghost

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Andrea Pisano. South doors, baptistery of San Giovanni, Florence. 1330-36

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Andrea Pisano. South doors, baptistery of San Giovanni, Florence. 1330-36

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This is made out of Bronze

It feels classical because of the bronze.

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Plan of Florence cathedral and campanile

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Plan of Florence cathedral and campanile

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They wanted to make it wide.

They have the pointed arches, stain glass windows.

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Arnolfo di Cambio, Florence Cathedral, begun 1296

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Arnolfo di Cambio, Florence Cathedral, begun 1296

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The dome wasn't completed until the renasance period.

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Nicola Pisano. Fortitude, detail of pulpit

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Nicola Pisano. Fortitude, detail of pulpit

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This might be Hercules, or Daniel. He is short in porportion. Has the Gothic sway in the hips.

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This is a pulpit that was carved.

The columns on the Animals helps make it gothic.

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Anonymous. St. Francis Preaching to the Birds, from Basilica of San Francesco, Assisi. Begun 1290 (?). Fresco

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Anonymous. St. Francis Preaching to the Birds, from Basilica of San Francesco, Assisi. Begun 1290 (?). Fresco

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1. This is a fresco painting. We also know that it is fresco because there are faint lines that overlapped showing where the artist finished for the day.

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Interior of Upper Church, Basilica of San Francesco, Assisi. Begun 1228; consercrated 1253

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Interior of Upper Church, Basilica of San Francesco, Assisi. Begun 1228; consercrated 1253

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1. This is a fresco painting on the walls

2. It has a rigged groin vault, lots of light through the stain glass windows, the compound columns, and the pointed arch that makes it gothic art.

3. There are no aisle's it is just nave.

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It is a really large painting. It is bigger than 6 ft.

In italy there was less emphasis in building but more concentration on the paintings.

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Bonaventura Berlinghieri, St Francis of Assisi, 1235

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Bonaventura Berlinghieri, St Francis of Assisi, 1235

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St Francis is often shown with holes in his hand and feet because he had simathetic wounds.

This is closer to Byzantine Art because of the Gold

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Ekkehard and Uta, Naumburg cathedral. ca. 1249-55

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Ekkehard and Uta, Naumburg cathedral. ca. 1249-55

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Naumburg Master. The Kiss of Judas, on the choir screen, Naumburg cathedral. ca. 1255

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Naumburg Master. The Kiss of Judas, on the choir screen, Naumburg cathedral. ca. 1255

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Naumburg Master. Crucifixion, on the choir screen, and the Virgin and John the Evangelist, Naumburg Cathedral, Germany. ca. 1255

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Naumburg Master. Crucifixion, on the choir screen, and the Virgin and John the Evangelist, Naumburg Cathedral, Germany. ca. 1255

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Chapel of Henry VII, Westminster Abbey, London. 1503-19

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Chapel of Henry VII, Westminster Abbey, London. 1503-19

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Choir of Gloucester cathedral, England. 1332-57

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Choir of Gloucester cathedral, England. 1332-57

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~The ceiling is a web of movement, it is called fan vaulting. hiding the purpose that it is to support,

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There is more imphases on the horizontal length than the height

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Plan of Salisbury cathedral, England. 1220-65

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Plan of Salisbury cathedral, England. 1220-65

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This was just a church to go to, no special meaning other than to worship God

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Salisbury cathedral (from the southwest) (spire ca. 1320-30)

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Salisbury cathedral (from the southwest) (spire ca. 1320-30)

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~This is in England

~They have a lot of pointed Arches

~They have flying butcheses

~They want to spread out more horizontally

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Virgin of Paris. Early 14th century. Stone. Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Paris

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Virgin of Paris. Early 14th century. Stone. Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Paris

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~Has the gothic sway in the hips

~

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~It is very elegant, has gold on the outside, not solid gold though.

~she has a gothic sway in her hips.

~more of a naturalistic look, with the folds of the clothes, and baby Jesus looks more like a baby while doing baby things.

~

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Guillaume de Machaut. The Enchanted Garden, from Le Dit du Lion. 1350-55

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Guillaume de Machaut. The Enchanted Garden, from Le Dit du Lion. 1350-55

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There is a lot of value, and volume in the art work.

~It comes from a story.

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Jean Pucelle. The Betrayal of Christ (folio 15 verso) and Annunciation (folio 16 recto), from the Hours of Jeanne d'Evreux. 1324-28

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Jean Pucelle. The Betrayal of Christ (folio 15 verso) and Annunciation (folio 16 recto), from the Hours of Jeanne d'Evreux. 1324-28

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This artist was trying to bring back depth and space through the art work.

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Melchizedek and Abraham, from the Psalter of St. Louis. 1253-70

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Melchizedek and Abraham, from the Psalter of St. Louis. 1253-70

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They look like they are in the midieval time with the clothes that they are wearing.

~The people are dipicted with the Gothic sway, with them looking like they are swaying forward.

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Blanche of Castile and King Louis IX of France, Biblie of Saint Louis (Mralized Bible), France, Probably Paris, c. 1227-34 (close up)

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Blanche of Castile and King Louis IX of France, Biblie of Saint Louis (Mralized Bible), France, Probably Paris, c. 1227-34 (close up)

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Made with Gold, the blue was more expensive than the gold.

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Blanche of Castile and King Louis IX of France, Bible of Saint Louis (Moralized Bible), France, probably Paris, c. 1227-34

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Blanche of Castile and King Louis IX of France, Bible of Saint Louis (Moralized Bible), France, probably Paris, c. 1227-34

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Louis' mother was teaching him the rules and procedures of ruling a kingdom, Louis was too young when he was made king, so him mom was incharge until he could fully take over.

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Interior of upper chapel, Sainte-Chapelle, Paris

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Interior of upper chapel, Sainte-Chapelle, Paris

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~They have large stain glass windows, they were able to do it because they didn't build the churches that tall anymore.

~The ceiling is still painted

~They have a lot of decorations on the inside because they decided to focus on the inside instead of making the biggest church

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Sainte-Chapelle, Paris (from the southwest). 1231-48 (Rose window, late 15th century)

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Sainte-Chapelle, Paris (from the southwest). 1231-48 (Rose window, late 15th century)

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It isn't that tall of a building

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They stopped construction near the 1400's and finished it near the 1800's

It is the biggest Cathedral that we know of during this time.

The building stopped because they ran out of money, the people started to protest and not pay taxes for the churches

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Annunciation and Visitation, West portal of cathedral of Notre-Dame, Reims. ca. 1230-65

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Annunciation and Visitation, West portal of cathedral of Notre-Dame, Reims. ca. 1230-65

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Different Artists worked on each of the statues.

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Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Reims, 1211-1345

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Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Reims, 1211-1345

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Nave and side aisle of cathedral of Notre-Dame, Amiens

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Nave and side aisle of cathedral of Notre-Dame, Amiens

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The measurements for Noah's Arch and the building were similar

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Comparison of nave elevations in same scale (afte Grodecki)

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Comparison of nave elevations in same scale (afte Grodecki)

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West Facade of Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Paris. ca. 1200-50

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West Facade of Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Paris. ca. 1200-50

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High Gothic

~The west side looks super heavy while the other sides look light and all pointed up to the sky/heavens

~On the inside your breath gets taken away because of how tall it is, You also know that each of the stones were hand carved and it has been standing for almost 1000 years. You can see all of the stain glass windows.

~It is known to be a sensory experience.

~They have Gargole statues at the very top of the church. The Gargole's purpose was to ward of evil spirits, to be drain spouts,

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Nave of Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Laon, France, ca. 1160-1210

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Nave of Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Laon, France, ca. 1160-1210

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~They have a rigged groin vault.

~The coluonets carry our eyes from the column all the way to the top of the ceiling.

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~The stained glass in Chartres Cathedral reflected the new Gothic focus on light, sin, bibical stories, drama, realism, and geometry.

~In Gothic archetecture, light was a symbol for hope, redemption, the divine, charity

~Which relic gave spiritual power and brought pilgrims to the cathedral?

~~A finger bone, a sandal, a tunic from the virgin marry, St. John the Baptist, St. Francis of Assisi

~The architect of Chartres Cathedral was created a new three-part elevation made up of arcade, triforium, clerestory (or windows)

~The architect of Chartres Cathedral created a new trend in Gothic Cathedrals by including radiating chaples, raising the hieght of the church, and pointed arches

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Notre-Dame de la Belle Verriere (detail), cathedral of Notre-Dame, Chartres. ca. 1170 (Framing panels are 13th century)

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Notre-Dame de la Belle Verriere (detail), cathedral of Notre-Dame, Chartres. ca. 1170 (Framing panels are 13th century)

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Purposes of Stained Glass Windows:

1. to beautify the church

2. to teach the scriptures

3. to light the church

4. to transform the material stone into immaterial

5. to transport the viewer to "the heavenly Jerusalem"

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Notre-Dame de la Belle Verriere, Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Chartres. ca. 1170 (framing panels are 13th century)

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Notre-Dame de la Belle Verriere, Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Chartres. ca. 1170 (framing panels are 13th century)

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They believed that they could pray to Mary and that she would be the crossroad between us and Jesus

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North transept of Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Chartres

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North transept of Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Chartres

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Gothic Art was really known for the stain glass windows that were on the churches

180+ stain glass windows

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Jamb statues, south transept portal of cathedral of Notre-Dame, Chartres. ca. 1215-20. Left-most figure (St. Theodore) ca. 1230

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Jamb statues, south transept portal of cathedral of Notre-Dame, Chartres. ca. 1215-20. Left-most figure (St. Theodore) ca. 1230

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Coronation of the Virgin (tympanum); Dormition and Assumption of the Virgin (lintel), north portal of cathedral of Notre-Dame, Chartres. ca. 1210

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Coronation of the Virgin (tympanum); Dormition and Assumption of the Virgin (lintel), north portal of cathedral of Notre-Dame, Chartres. ca. 1210

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Portals, north transept of cathedral of Notre-Dame, Chartres. ca. 1204-30

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Portals, north transept of cathedral of Notre-Dame, Chartres. ca. 1204-30

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Jamb statues, west portal of cathedral of Notre-Dame, Chartres

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Jamb statues, west portal of cathedral of Notre-Dame, Chartres

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The statues are very spiritual and heavenly, they have already been passed through the Earth.

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West portal (Royal Portal) of Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Chartres. ca. 1145-50

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West portal (Royal Portal) of Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Chartres. ca. 1145-50

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Transverse section of cathedral of Notre-Dame, Chartres (after Acland)

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Transverse section of cathedral of Notre-Dame, Chartres (after Acland)