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Provide links to at least 8 of your sources thus far.

The sources do not have to be in MLA.

Links should be active

Scholarly source links should be the DOI or permalink

May be a mix of scholarly and popular

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Text should be concise yet specific and detailed enough to understand your thought process

Clearly convey the connections you have derived between the sources thus far

Nodes should move from general to more specific showing relationships between ideas

Add representative imagery, color code, and organize to show hierarchy, and relationship between ideas

Use in-text parenthetical citation e.g. (Schmidt) where appropriate

Include your research question

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Online education viewed through an equity lens

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Online education viewed through an equity lens

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Educational technologies have the potential to expand access to education to a wider range of people, including those currently without access to high-quality learning opportunities. Although technology can remove some barriers, it can also have the opposite effect, creating new inequalities.

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Factors Influencing Educational Equity in Online Instruction for Students During Covid-19

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Factors Influencing Educational Equity in Online Instruction for Students During Covid-19

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The study showed that underlying deficit thinking in school professionals, lack of planned support for those parents and students needing the most support, and limited range of teaching practices were responsible for the equity gap seen in the differential student outcomes.

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This article uses Warschauer’s conceptual framework of resources that shape digital inclusion—physical, human, and social—to conceptualize the equity concerns that arose during the pandemic-induced shift to emergency distance learning.

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Body paragraph 1: What emerging factors impact equitable access to online learning? 

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Body paragraph 1: What emerging factors impact equitable access to online learning? 

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Digital Divide

Appropriate hardware

Quite environment

reliable and robust internet access

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Gaps in literacy based on race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status

Prior education in students might be varied and create different educational outcomes in navigating online courses

Students’ level of self-regulation and preparedness for the self-directed learning required by most online courses varies

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Teachers, peers, and parents, provide the information, influence, and support needed for successful online learning

Classrooms themselves become one of a student’s communities and provide resources to support learning through informal interaction, provision of information, and collaborative work.

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How effective have online learning management systems been in improving access to and the quality of education for Hispanic high school students in California over the past five years?

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How effective have online learning management systems been in improving access to and the quality of education for Hispanic high school students in California over the past five years?

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1. Farley, Burbules, I. A., Nicholas C. (2022, October 2). Online education viewed through an equity lens: Promoting ... Review of Education. Bera. https://bera-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/rev3.3367

2. Walsh, S. (2022, March 22). Five keys to ensuring student equity in online learning. THE Journal. https://thejournal.com/articles/2022/03/22/five-keys-to-ensuring-student-equity-in-online-learning.aspx

3.  Krishnan, S. (2023, March 31). Factors influencing educational equity in online instruction for students during covid-19. Remedial and Special Education. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10067683/

4. Sarmah, S. (2022, March 7). The impact of distance learning on education equality. Verizon Enterprise. https://www.verizon.com/business/resources/articles/s/the-impact-of-distance-learning-on-education-equality/

5. Mintz, S. (2021, November 30). Can online education be a force for equity and institutional sustainability?. Inside Higher Ed | Higher Education News, Events and Jobs. https://www.insidehighered.com/blogs/higher-ed-gamma/can-online-education-be-force-equity-and-institutional-sustainability

6. Tate, T., & Warschauer, M. (2022). Equity in online learning. Educational Psychologist, 57(3), 192–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2022.2062597

7. Cottrell, R. (2021, September). Student performance in online classes at a Hispanic-serving ... Online Learning Journal . https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1320258.pdf

8. Tosto, S. A., Alyahya, J., & Espinoza, V. (2023, June 22). Online learning in the wake of the covid-19 pandemic: Mixed Methods Analysis of student views by Demographic Group. Social Sciences & Humanities Open. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590291123002036

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Body paragraph 2: How was Hispanic students performance in the past/How we look forward to improve educational equity in online education in the future

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Body paragraph 2: How was Hispanic students performance in the past/How we look forward to improve educational equity in online education in the future

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Hispanic students performance in online education during Covid-19

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Hispanic students performance in online education during Covid-19

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Expectations in the future of online educational equity advancement 

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Expectations in the future of online educational equity advancement 

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Engaging and High-Quality Instruction (Mintz,S)

The Right Technology Infrastructure (Sarmah)

Comprehensive Student Support (Sarmah)

Accessible Learning Content (Krishnan, S)

Academic preparation (Krishnan, S)

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With an eye on the physical, human, and social resources students at all levels of education need, the U.S. education system can not only improve online learning but also positively affect the broader educational environment, which with growing frequency makes use of online resources, and thus help the nation tackle educational underachievement and inequity.