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After the Civil War, Southern veterans started the Ku Klux Klan in 1865 to keep whites in control. Led by Nathan Bedford Forrest, they violently opposed African Americans until 1871.

(Council on Foreign Relations)

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Bombing of Sixteenth Street Baptist Church (September 15th, 1963)

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Bombing of Sixteenth Street Baptist Church (September 15th, 1963)

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The KKK bombed a Black church in Birmingham, killing four young girls, marking a major racist attack in the civil rights era. From 1947 to 1965, the KKK caused about fifty bombings in Birmingham, which led to the nickname "Bombingham."

(Council on Foreign Relations)

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Assassination of Martin Luther King (April 4th, 1968)

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Assassination of Martin Luther King (April 4th, 1968)

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James Earl Ray, who had multiple past convictions and supported racial segregation, shot and killed Martin Luther King Jr. at a Memphis motel. MLK was a key leader in the civil rights movement, and his death was a major setback, causing widespread mourning across the nation.

(Council on Foreign Relations)

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Neo-Nazi leader Richard Butler founded the Aryan Nations in Idaho, a group that believes they are God's true "chosen people" and anticipates a racial war. Their yearly meetings led to the formation of a terrorist group called the Order.

(Council on Foreign Relations)

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Federal agents surrounded the Branch Davidian compound in Waco, Texas, because of illegal weapons. They tried to serve a warrant, which led to a gunfight killing ten, including four agents. A long standoff ended with a raid and a fire, killing seventy-six, increasing conspiracy theories about government overreach.

(Council on Foreign Relations)

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Oklahoma City Bombing (April 19th, 1955)

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Oklahoma City Bombing (April 19th, 1955)

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Timothy McVeigh, upset about Ruby Ridge and Waco, bombed a federal building in Oklahoma City, killing 168. It was the worst terrorist attack in the U.S. then, leading to tougher actions against militias. McVeigh was executed; Nichols remains in prison.

(Council on Foreign Relations)

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Barack Obama's election as the first Black president led to increased racism and anti-government feelings. Some people wrongly said Obama was Muslim and not born in America, trying to ruin his presidency and remove him from office.

(Council on Foreign Relations)

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Charleston AME Church Shooting (June 2015)

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Charleston AME Church Shooting (June 2015)

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Dylann Roof shot and killed nine Black people at the Emanuel AME Church in Charleston, South Carolina. This church, notable for its civil rights history and connections to MLK, was where Roof expressed racist motivations for his attack.

(Council on Foreign Relations)

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On August 11, a rally in Charlottesville, Virginia protested the removal of a Confederate statue, turning violent when a man drove into counter-protesters, killing one. President Trump did not condemn the rally, suggesting there were "very fine people on both sides," which emboldened far-right groups.

(Council on Foreign Relations)

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Robert Bowers shot and killed eleven Jewish worshippers at a synagogue in Pittsburgh. He had posted online against Jewish groups for supporting immigration. In 2023, he received a death sentence and is now on death row.

(Council on Foreign Relations)