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We classified Mexico as soft power, because it has an exceptionally rich heritage. It is heir to an ancient culture and is a cultural reference in Latin America that attracts the most tourists from around the globe.

In addition, Mexico’s government is constantly promoting tourism, placing it in the 6th most visited country in the world.

De Turismo, S. (s. f.). ONU Turismo: México ratifica su posición como sexto país más visit. . . gob.mx. https://www.gob.mx/sectur/articulos/onu-turismo-mexico-ratifica-su-posicion-como-sexto-pais-mas-visitado-del-mundo-en-2024?idiom=es#:~:text=ONU%20Turismo:%20M%C3%A9xico%20ratifica%20su,Turismo%20%7C%20Gobierno%20%7C%20gob.mx

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Brazil primary’s power is hard power, it has the biggest army in Latin America, a strong economy, it is a member of BRICS and has resources like oil .These give it strength to influence other countries, not just with culture but with real force.

Trinkunas, H. (2014, 28 abril). Four Steps Brazil Can Take to Influence Global Governance More Effectively. Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/four-steps-brazil-can-take-to-influence-global-governance-more-effectively/

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Soft Power

We can classify Poland as a soft power because it has influenced others through culture, values and international reputation, for example, it has achieved sites on the UNESCO World Heritage list, including historical monuments, and building cultural prestige.

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Argentina’s primarily power is soft power, it is rich in culture and nature.

It is not popular for its military or political aspects, but because it is a leader in sports, gastronomy, music and literature . It stands out for its cultural and heritage wealth, attracting international audiences through artistic expressions, thus being one of the most culturally influential countries in South America.

Campos, C. (2023, 2 marzo). Brasil, Argentina y México líderes en Soft Power en América Latina según Brand Finance | Press Release |. Brand Finance. https://brandfinance.com/press-releases/brasil-argentina-y-mexico-lideres-en-soft-power-en-america-latina-segun-brand-finance

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Chile’s primary power is natural power because it has control over many natural resources, it is the world’s biggest producer of cooper and lithium. It’s leader in  mining and has a lot of natural reserves, home for a high variety of biodiversity. It’s unique geographic location allows it to produce renewable energies and sportive activities.

Desafíos y oportunidades para la industria minera en Chile. (s. f.). Xepelin. https://xepelin.com/blog/corporativos/desafios-y-oportunidades-para-la-industria-minera-en-chile

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Hard Power

At a regional level we consider Ethiopia as a hard power because it has been known to use the armed force to influence outcomes, also the government relying on military force to maintain stability, and also Ethiopia is one of the largest armies in Africa.

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Soft Power

Kenya’s universities attract students from across Africa, also is famous for its athletes specifically talking for runners, generating prestige and admiration from other countries, for this we can say it is a soft power.

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Venezuela’s primary power is soft power, because its influence comes mainly from political ideas and social programs. Venezuela promotes Bolivarianism, which focuses on Latin American unity, fairness, and equality, and this has influenced other countries in the region. The country also supports arts and education programs, which help it gain respect and recognition internationally.

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Soft Power

As a soft power South Africa  has played a leading role in mediation of African conflicts, has very strong cultural aspects now worldwide, and also is a founding member of African Unió Peace and Security Council.

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Cuba’s primary power is soft power because of its culture, it is actually considered a “cultural power country”, it’s rich in music, and it’s famous for its education, rather than military or economic power. Cuba is famous for salsa and son music, which people all over the world enjoy. It also sends doctors and medical help to other countries, which improves its reputation and influence.

Cuba is a cultural power, highlights the Kennedy Center in the USA. - Covering Cuba Tourism & Travel, Food & Cuisine, Culture, Health, Business, Events. (s. f.). https://www.cubaplusmagazine.com/en/news/cuba-cultural-power-highlights-kennedy-center.html

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Hard power

Egypt is classified as a hard power due to its military strength, has the largest military in Africa, equipment and personnel, but its not only used for defense and influences global trade routes.

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Jamaica’s primary power is soft power because it is known worldwide for its music and sports, not military or economic power. Reggae music, especially through Bob Marley, is admired globally, and athletes like Usain Bolt bring attention to the country. Jamaica also attracts many tourists with its culture and festivals.

BBC News. (2024, 2 abril). Jamaica country profile. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-18784061#:~:text=Known%20for%20its%20strong%20sense,into%20social%20and%20economic%20harmony.

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Hard Power

Saudi Arabia has one of the largest defense budgets in the world, and modern weapons, uses military force having an impact with the influence also on global markets being a strong indicator of hard power.

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The UK primary power is soft power, because its influence comes from culture, education, and media, not just military or economic strength. The country is famous for Shakespeare, the Beatles, and Oxford University. Its movies, TV shows, and media are known worldwide, helping the UK gain respect and influence.Also, according to the British Council’s most recent soft power survey of young people’s opinions has found that it is the most attractive country in the G20 group of nations.

Keogh, E. (2025, 8 mayo). Strengthening UK soft Power: Strategic recommendations. British Foreign Policy Group. https://bfpg.co.uk/2025/05/strengthening-uk-soft-power/

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France’s primary power is hard power because its influence is based on economic strength, military power (boasting the world's ninth-largest defense budget and the largest military in the European Union) and political influence, as well as culture. France has a strong economy and a powerful army, which make it important in Europe and the world. Its fashion, art, and food, like the Eiffel Tower and French cuisine, also make it famous globally.rally important.

2025 France military strength. (s. f.). www.GlobalFirepower.com. https://www.globalfirepower.com/country-military-strength-detail.php?country_id=france

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We classify Germany as a hard power because it is strong in industry, technology, and economy (it has the largest economy in Europe by nominal GDP). Germany is famous for cars, machines, and exports, which make it a key country in Europe and the world. Its strong economy gives it influence in global politics and trade.

Drechsel, U. (2024, 30 enero). Germany's Soft Power strong as Hard Power challenges loom | Brand Finance. Brand Finance. https://brandfinance.com/insights/insights-on-germany

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Natural Power

Iran being classified as a natural power, has some of the largest oil and natural gas reserves in the world, it has a population of 85 million people.

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We classify Sweden as a soft power because it is admired for culture, innovation, and social policies, not military or economic strength. Sweden is known for Nobel prizes, design, and a high quality of life, which attract respect worldwide. Its society and international cooperation also make it influential globally.

Global Soft Power Index 2025 - Sharing Sweden. (2025, 17 abril). Sharing Sweden. https://sharingsweden.se/the-sweden-brand/the-image-of-sweden-abroad/global-soft-power-index-2025

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We classify Italy as a soft power because it is famous for culture, art, history, and tourism, rather than military or economic power.Italy has the Colosseum, Venice canals, and Renaissance art, which bring millions of tourists every year. Its fashion and food also make it well-known and admired around the world.

Day, S. (2023, 13 diciembre). Italy Ranks No. 1 in Cultural Influence in the World: US News and World Report. La Voce Di New York. https://lavocedinewyork.com/en/travel/2023/12/13/italy-ranks-no-1-in-cultural-influence-in-the-world-us-news-and-world-report/#:~:text=This%20rich%20history%20of%20genius,%2C%20fashion%2C%20attractions%20and%20accessibility.

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We classify Spain as a soft power because it gains influence from culture, language, and tourism, not military or economic strength. Spain is known for flamenco, La Tomatina, and its food, which people everywhere enjoy. Millions of tourists visit Spain every year, helping it gain global recognition and respect.

Spanish Cultural Overview | TOTA. (s. f.). https://www.tota.world/article/1616/#:~:text=Arts%20&%20Music,Don%20Quixote%20de%20la%20Mancha.

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Hard Power

Advanced militaries in the world, a clear example of hard power specifically talking about Israel is the Israel and Palestine conflict, also the support from USA amplifies the hard power.

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Natural Power

Türkiye classified as a natural power, through geography and population, it has made a bridge between East and West, and the infrastructure.

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Soft Power

Qatar, as a soft power it owns one of the most influential media networks in the world, and had great participation in sports like the 2022 FIFA World Cup also for education hosting branches of United States Universities, attracting international students researchers and cultural exchange.

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Soft Power

As a soft power they host international events like Formula 1, they also invest in education technology, renewable energy, it also keeps a reputation as one the leading donors of foreign aid.

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Soft Power

Gambia as a soft power rather than a hard power, it has little regional military influence, they work with diplomacy, international image, it promotes its cultural identity, music, and traditions internationally.

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Hard Power

We can classify Angola as a hard power, its main influence its from its military strength and natural resources rather than cultural or diplomatic aspects, it relies on military capacity and natural resources.

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We classify as hard power because China has the world's second-largest economy by nominal GDP and since 2016 has been the world's largest economy when measured by purchasing power parity. Also China has made much progress in terms of "hard" resources rangign from a huge and burgeoning economy to a rapidly modernizing military.

Jia, Q. (2010, 23 diciembre). Continuity and Change: China’s Attitude toward Hard Power and Soft Power. Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/continuity-and-change-chinas-attitude-toward-hard-power-and-soft-power/

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Japan’s primary power is soft power. For example the global culture is anime, manga, and J-pop are type of exportations that shape how people see Japan.

Japan also promotes itself through technology and innovation,for example the most famous ones Sony, Nintendo, or Toyota, which create admiration and prestige.

McElhinney, D. (2023, 28 diciembre). Is Japan’s Soft Power at an All-time High? | Tokyo Weekender. Tokyo Weekender. https://www.tokyoweekender.com/japan-life/news-and-opinion/japan-soft-power-at-an-all-time-high/

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We classify South Korea as soft power because in 2024, its nominal GDP is approximately US$1.87 trillion, placing it among the largest economies in the world.

In terms of GDP (PPP) and finally it is also among the largest in Asia.

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We classify Australia as natural power because is a natural energy resources include a diverse mix of both renewable and non-renewable sources, with a notable reliance on coal for electricity generation, accounting for 65.5% of the energy mix

Go green with Australia | Austrade International. (s. f.). https://international.austrade.gov.au/en/why-australia/go-green-with-australia

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By 2025, India's nominal GDP will be around US$4.19 trillion, making it the world's fourth-largest economy. It surpassed Japan to occupy that fourth spot.

India also has more than 900 million internet users, making it one of the largest digital markets on the planet, driving e-commerce, fintech, and startups.

Mukherjee, A. (2025, 25 mayo). List of top 10 economies in the world as India overtakes Japan to become 4th largest. Mint.

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Pakistan is one of the world's nine nuclear powers and the only Islamic country with a nuclear arsenal (and is estimated to have around 170 nuclear warheads by 2025).

This gives it enormous strategic weight in Asia and places it on the radar of powers such as US China and India.

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Vietnam has gained global recognition with its cuisine (pho, bánh mi), which is now recognized worldwide.

Its cultural and natural tourism (sites like Ha Long Bay and Hoi An, which include historic temples) attract millions of visitors and build a positive image.

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Singapore also promotes itself through education and cultural exchanges, attracting thousands of international students and tourists each year. Also the diplomatic neutrality and role that they have as a mediator in regional conflicts shows the prestige they have.

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We classify Russia as a hard power because its global influence is largely based on military strength, energy resources, and geopolitical pressure, rather than cultural appeal. Russia also maintains one of the largest and most powerful militaries in the world, including nuclear weapons, giving it significant coercive capabilities. It also uses its vast oil and natural gas exports to exert influence, particularly in Europe. Moreover, Russia has directly intervened in international conflicts, such as its 2014 annexation of Crimea and its military involvement in Ukraine and Syria, demonstrating its reliance on force and coercion to achieve its goals.

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We classify Kazakhstan as a soft power because it exerts influence primarily through diplomacy, energy cooperation, and cultural identity, rather than military force. Kazakhstan positions itself as a bridge between Europe and Asia, promoting regional stability.

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We classify Indonesia as a soft power because it exerts global influence primarily through its culture, diplomacy, and participation in international organizations, rather than through military force. Indonesia promotes religious tolerance and pluralism as part of its identity. Its cultural heritage, including batik, gamelan music, and cuisine, contributes to its international image.

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We classify Azerbaijan as a soft power because it strengthens its global influence through culture and international events, rather than direct military projection. Azerbaijan also promotes its image by hosting major international events, such as the 2012 Eurovision Song Contest.

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We classify Ukraine as a hard power because its influence stems from its military capability, strategic alliances, and geopolitical importance, rather than its cultural appeal. Since Russia's annexation of Crimea in 2014 and the ongoing conflict in eastern Ukraine, the country has relied on its armed forces and territorial defense to protect its sovereignty.

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We classify Latin America as multipolar because no single country controls the entire region. Brazil is a major power with its economy and natural resources, Mexico has cultural and economic influence, and countries like Argentina, Chile, and Venezuela hold regional importance. There had been attempts towards cooperation such as MERCOSUR (between Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela) and UNASUR (between Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Equator, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay and Venezuela), but rivalry and different political models prevent one hegemon from emerging. This balance helps to create a multipolar system.

Mercado Común del Sur (MERCOSUR) | Cancillería. (s. f.). https://www.cancilleria.gov.co/international/consensus/mercosur#:~:text=Estados%20Parte%20del%20MERCOSUR:%20Argentina,obligaciones%20de%20los%20dem%C3%A1s%20miembros. Unión de Naciones Suramericanas (UNASUR) – Servicio Nacional de Aduana del Ecuador. (s. f.). https://www.aduana.gob.ec/union-de-naciones-suramericanas-unasur/

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We classify Europe as multipolar because influence is shared between several powerful states. Germany dominates economically, France has strong military and political weight, and the UK continues having global influence through culture and finance. Other countries like Italy, Spain, and Sweden add to this balance. The European Union creates cooperation, but historical rivalries and diverse leadership traditions prevent one state from controlling everything and everyone. This is what makes Europe a multipolar region.

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It is time to classify Asia, in this case East Asia would be Multipolar, involving, China, Japan, South Korea because China has its dominance in hard power otherwise Japan and Korea balance with economy.

South Asia with countries like India and Pakistan would be Bipolar, India has a much larger population, increasing its global influence however Pakistan continues to balance India through their military traditions. On the other hand Southeast Asia with countries like Indonesia, Vietnam and Singapore would be multipolar since the different states lead in population.

Currently Oceania, with countries like Australia would count as Hegemonic, since there is a clear dominance of Australia.

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Eurasia, or Post- Soviet States, like Russia, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Ukraine, its considered Hegemonic, because Russia dominates, but countries like Ukraine influence challenge it, Russia's has an important impact and influence military power speaking, also controls a big amount of natural resources, and makes use of soft and hard power to show and demostrate dominance over the region.

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We classify the Southeastern region as multipolar because influence is shared among several regional powers. South Africa dominates economically and politically, while Kenya plays a key role in trade and diplomacy. Tanzania contributes stability and natural resources, and Mozambique is important thanks to its energy potential. Other countries such as Zambia and Malawi contribute to this balance. Regional organizations such as the Southern African Development Community promote cooperation, but historical divisions, economic inequality, and diverse leadership traditions prevent any single state from fully dominating. This is what makes the Southeastern region multipolar.

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We classify the Middle East and North Africa as multipolar because power is distributed among several influential states. Saudi Arabia dominates thanks to its oil wealth and religious influence, while Egypt wields significant political and cultural influence. Iran projects power through its military presence and alliances, and Turkey extends its influence into both politics and trade. Other states such as the United Arab Emirates, Morocco, and Algeria contribute to this balance. Organizations such as the Arab League foster cooperation, but historical rivalries, religious divisions, and conflicting leadership traditions prevent any single state from controlling the entire region. This is what makes the Middle East and North Africa a multipolar region.