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1823-Introduction of the Monroe doctrine 

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1823-Introduction of the Monroe doctrine 

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In 1823, President James Monroe declared that the Western Hemisphere was closed to new European colonization or interference, setting a boundary against European involvement in North and South America. This statement became foundational in U.S. foreign policy, asserting the nation's commitment to protect its hemisphere, shaping future American actions to limit European control in the region.

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By 1845, the concept of “Manifest Destiny” gained popularity, symbolizing the belief that the U.S. was destined to expand across North America. The Monroe Doctrine aligned with this belief, discouraging European influence in the Americas and fueling westward expansion. This idea further strengthened U.S. expansionist goals and reinforced American dominance in the Western Hemisphere.

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Following the Civil War, the U.S. invoked the Monroe Doctrine to pressure France to withdraw its troops from Mexico, ending the European-backed rule of Emperor Maximilian. This event marked a key application of the Doctrine in securing Latin American independence from European control and showed America’s growing commitment to enforcing its regional authority.

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1898 - Spanish-American War and U.S. Expansion

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1898 - Spanish-American War and U.S. Expansion

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In 1898, the U.S. defeated Spain in the Spanish-American War, gaining territories like Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines, while establishing influence in Cuba. This event represented a major moment in U.S. expansionism and aligned with Monroe Doctrine principles by reducing European power in the Americas, marking the U.S. as a world power

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1904 - Roosevelt Corollary Expands the Doctrine

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1904 - Roosevelt Corollary Expands the Doctrine

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President Theodore Roosevelt expanded the Monroe Doctrine in 1904 with the Roosevelt Corollary, claiming the U.S. had the right to intervene in Latin America to prevent European interference if regional instability threatened American interests. This addition positioned the U.S. as a “policeman” in Latin America, setting a precedent for direct American intervention in Latin American affairs.

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1962 - Cuban Missile Crisis and Cold War Tensions

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1962 - Cuban Missile Crisis and Cold War Tensions

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During the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis, the U.S. used the Monroe Doctrine to explain why it opposed Soviet missiles in Cuba, which nearly led to a nuclear war between the two superpowers. This event showed that the Monroe Doctrine was still important during the Cold War because the U.S. wanted to stop Soviet influence in the Americas, highlighting its ongoing role in maintaining control over the region.