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It should happen everywhere but the global status quo - world "development" conferences in particular - decide that it should be called development in the global south and ignored in the global north.

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Departments for international development within countries - bodies in charge of government funding allocation e.g. aid 

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Departments for international development within countries - bodies in charge of government funding allocation e.g. aid 

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The 'other' outside of Europe is the perception of where development 'should' happen eg. the global south

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The west / nations that already consider themselves to be developed

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Economic - focus on growth and expansion

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'civilisation'

modernity

urbanisation

industrialisation

economic expansion

Western norms

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Global North and powerful political figures with huge influence

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world leaders attempting to maintain a system of oppression and colonialism they preserves their power, while appearing to be seen helping

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The Western way of living is deemed to be the norm and idealistic. This is then applied to 'developing' nations in order to transform them to this 'utopian way of living'

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Liberation through capitalist economics, if an individual participates in the capitalist system, they are considered to be free.

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Democratic values, economic prosperity, government transparency, equity, good relationship between the state and the people, high standard of living for EVERYONE, equal access.

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Examples of what the characteristics lead to

Sustainable development goals

Aid

Economy

Standard of living

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Development is seen as something noble - almost like doing other countries a favour - but who is actually benefitting? Eg. Marshall plan painted as helping countries after ww2 but American economy benefits the most because they get returns on their investment and access to trading partners

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Development happens in countries which are deemed in need of aid or help by powerful countries, this often includes lower income countries. However it is important to take into account the definition of 'development', every most countries are 'developing' but not just in the Western defntion of the concept.

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Traditional idea is that it only happens in the south, however, we need to look at development as happening everywhere, as is anywhere truly developed?

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'Development' is often associated with countries that are thought to be below a predetermined Western standard and require transformative change which is often considered to be in the Global South.

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Governments, organizations, banks, NGOs, the West. Rarely at a local level, controlled by Western elites.

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Concentrated primarily in the global south where people are viewed as in need of progression and "development". There is a lack of looking within the global north and development issues within typically wealthier countries, which is an ignorant assumption that we don't need "fixing".

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Everywhere - but narrative says in Global South … linked to progress and improvement, but to a Western ideal (should actually look different for all countries)

Global disclosure - can’t imagine a future without some form of development

VIDEOS

concept that the GS are a constant threat to Europe , and that that justifies action?

always make the GS one group

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Currently: economic growth, trade, industrialisation, modernity, freedom, education, health, democracy.

Ideally: equality of people and people's lives being better.

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People who are under a misconceived perception that they are more advanced than others.

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The west and the global north decides, by placing their standards as aspirational and modern disregards what may be the norm in the global south.

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The West/GN decide - those who created the issues to start with, looking at maintaining power through the concept of development

Underdevelopment to create hero complex - white saviourism

VIDEOS

textbook civilised vs uncivilised

jungles (unkept, barbaric, scary, dangerous, uncertainty) vs gardens (rabbits, food, flowers, safe)

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Colonial legacies, Western ideology being accepted into mainstream society as common belief, government funding for NGOs.

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-economic growth - mimicking western development and Rostow's economic growth theory

-modernisation and technological advances which reproduce capitalism

-disregard for indigenous practices and traditional customs

-white saviourism and aid

-lack of government transparency

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Using ideal of development ideology to push towards democracy and Western narrative… (PEG) Latin American countries

specifically Venezuela , successful democracy until 1980s - attempted to build on neoliberalism but failure to input correct policies led to monopolisation, increased public distrust, increased crime rate and rises in populism

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Neocolonial dynamics remain in place which dictate an international hierarchy prioritising western views with the aim of maintaining a neoliberal global economy.

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naivety of exploration in early stages of colonialism - intention grew with the scale of exploration in parallel to industrialisation

west interpreted thriving markets and differing cultures to being wrong - religious difference led to Christian indoctrination

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False altruism