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Description of scenarios used in this study

To assess future urban water scarcity, we used the scenario framework from the Scenario Model Intercomparison Project (ScenarioMIP), part of the International Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). The scenarios have been developed to better link the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) to support comprehensive research in different fields to better understand global climatic and socioeconomic interactions. We selected the four ScenarioMIP Tier 1 scenarios (i.e., SSP1&RCP2.6, SSP2&RCP4.5, SSP3&RCP7.0, and SSP5&RCP8.5) to evaluate future urban water scarcity. SSP1&RCP2.6 represents the sustainable development pathway of low radiative forcing level, low climate change mitigation challenges, and low social vulnerability. SSP2&RCP4.5 represents the business-as-usual pathway of moderate radiative forcing and social vulnerability. SSP3&RCP7.0 represents a higher level of radiative forcing and high social vulnerability. SSP5&RCP8.5 represents a rapid development pathway and very high radiative forcing.

Estimation of urban water scarcity

To estimate urban water scarcity, we quantified the total urban population living in water-scarce areas. Specifically, we first corrected the spatial distribution of the global urban population, then identified water-scarce areas around the world, and finally quantified the urban population in water-scarce areas at different scales (Supplementary Fig. 1).

Correcting the spatial distribution of global urban population

The existing global urban population data from the History Database of the Global Environment (HYDE) provided consistent information on historical and future population, but it has a coarse spatial resolution of 10 km (Supplementary Table 1). In addition, it was estimated using total population, urbanization levels, and urban population density, and does not align well with the actual distribution of urban land. Hence, we allocated the HYDE global urban population data to high-resolution urban land data. We first obtained global urban land in 2016 from He et al.. Since the scenarios used in existing urban land forecasts are now dated, we simulated the spatial distribution of global urban land in 2050 under each SSP at a grid-cell resolution of 1km using the zoned Land Use Scenario Dynamics-urban (LUSD-urban) model (Supplementary Methods 1). The simulated urban expansion area in this study was significantly correlated with that in existing datasets (Supplementary Table 6). We then converted the global urban land raster layers for 2016 and 2050 into vector format to characterize the spatial extent of each city. The total population within each city was then summed and the remaining HYDE urban population cells located outside urban areas were allocated to the nearest city. Assuming that the population density within an urban area was homogeneous, we calculated the total population per square kilometer for all urban areas and converted this back to raster format at a spatial resolution of 1 km ². The new urban population data had much lower error than the original HYDE data (Supplementary Table 7).

Identification of global water-scarce areas

Annual and monthly WSI values were calculated at the catchment level in 2014 and 2050 as the ratio of water withdrawals (TWW) to availability (AWR). Due to limited data availability, we combined water-scarce areas in 2014 and the urban population in 2016 to estimate current urban water scarcity. WSI for catchment i for time t as:

For each catchment defined by Masutomi et al., the total water withdrawal (TWWt,i) equalled the sum of water withdrawals (WW) for each sector n (irrigation, livestock, industrial, or domestic), while the water availability equalled the sum of available water resources for catchment i ( R), inflows/outflows of water resources due to interbasin water transfer (\(\varDelta {{{{\mathrm{W{R}}}}}}_{t,i}\)), and water resources from each upstream catchment j (WR):

The changes of water resources due to interbasin water transfer were calculated based on City Water Map produced by McDonald et al.. The number of water resources from upstream catchment j was calculated based on its water availability (AWRt,i,j) and water consumption for each sector n (WC):

For areas without upstream catchments, the number of available water resources was equal to the runoff. Following Mekonnen and Hoekstra, and Hofste et al., we did not consider environmental flow requirements in calculating water availability.

Annual and monthly WSI for 2014 were calculated directly based on water withdrawal, water consumption, and runoff data from AQUEDUCT3.0 (Supplementary Table 1). The data from AQUEDUCT3.0 were selected because they are publicly available and the PCRaster Global Water Balance (PCRGLOBWB 2) model used in the AQUADUCT 3.0 can better represent groundwater flow and available water resources in comparison with other global hydrologic models (e.g., the Water Global Assessment and Prognosis (WaterGAP) model). The annual and monthly WSI for 2050 were calculated by combining the global water withdrawal data from 2000 to 2050 provided by the National Institute of Environmental Research of Japan (NIER) and global runoff data from 2005 to 2050 from CMIP6 (Supplementary Table 1). Water withdrawal \({{{{{\mathrm{W{W}}}}}}}_{s,m,n,i}^{2050}\) in 2050 for each sector n (irrigation, industrial, or domestic), catchment i, and month m under scenario s was calculated based on water withdrawal in 2014 (\({{{{{\mathrm{W{W}}}}}}}_{m,n,i}^{2014}\)):

adjusted by the mean annual change in water withdrawal from 2000 to 2050 (WWR), calculated using the global water withdrawal for 2000 (\({{{{{\mathrm{W{W}}}}}}}_{{{{{\mathrm{NIER}}}}},m,n,i}^{2000}\)) and 2050 (\({{{{{\mathrm{W{W}}}}}}}_{{{{{\mathrm{NIER}}}}},s,m,n,i}^{2050}\)) provided by the NIER:

Based on the assumption of a constant ratio of water consumption to water withdrawal in each catchment, water consumption in 2050 (\({{{{{\mathrm{W{C}}}}}}}_{s,m,n,i}^{2050}\)) was calculated as:

where \({{{{{\mathrm{W{C}}}}}}}_{m,n,i}^{2014}\) denotes water consumption in 2014. Due to a lack of data, we specified that water withdrawal for livestock remained constant between 2014 and 2050, and used water withdrawal simulation under SSP3&RCP6.0 provided by the National Institute of Environmental Research in Japan to approximate SSP3&RCP7.0.

To estimate water availability, we calculated available water resources (\({R}_{s,m,i}^{2041-2050}\)) for each catchment i and month m under scenario s for the period of 2041-2050 as:

based on the amount of available water resources with 10-year ordinary least square regression from 2005 to 2014 (\({R}_{m,i}^{{{{{\mathrm{ols}}}}},\,2005-2014}\)) from AQUEDUCT3.0 (Supplementary Table 1). \({\overline{R}}_{m,i}^{2005-2014}\) and \({\overline{R}}_{s,m,i}^{2041-2050}\) denote the multi-year average of runoff (i.e., surface and subsurface) from 2005 to 2014, and from 2041 to 2050, respectively, calculated using the average values of simulation results from 10 global climate models (GCMs) (Supplementary Table 2).

We then identified water-scarce catchments based on the WSI. Two thresholds of 0.4 and 1.0 have been used to identify water-scarce areas from WSI (Supplementary Table 4). While the 0.4 threshold indicates high water stress, the threshold of 1.0 has a clearer physical meaning, i.e., that water demand is equal to the available water supply and environmental flow requirements are not met. We adopted the value of 1.0 as a threshold representing extreme water stress to identify water-scarce areas. The catchments with annual WSI >1.0 were identified as perennial water-scarce catchments; the catchments with annual WSI equal to or <1.0 and WSI for at least one month >1.0 were identified as seasonal water-scarce catchments.

Estimation of global urban water scarcity

Based on the corrected global urban population data and the identified water-scarce areas, we evaluated urban water scarcity at the global and national scales via a spatial overlay analysis. The urban population exposed to water scarcity in a region (e.g., the whole world or a single country) is equal to the sum of the urban population in perennial water-scarce areas and that in seasonal water-scarce areas. Limited by data availability, we used water-scarce areas in 2014 and the urban population in 2016 to estimate current urban water scarcity. Projected water-scarce areas and urban population in 2050 under four scenarios were then used to estimate future urban water scarcity. In addition, we obtained the location information of large cities (with population >1 million in 2016) from the United Nations' World Urbanization Prospects (Supplementary Table 1) and identified those in perennial and seasonal water-scarce areas.

Uncertainty analysis

To evaluate the uncertainty across the 10 GCMs used in this study (Supplementary Table 2), we identified water-scarce areas and estimated urban water scarcity using the simulated runoff from each GCM under four scenarios. To perform the uncertainty analysis, the runoff in 2050 for each GCM was calculated using the following equation:

where \({R}_{s,g,m,i}^{2050}\) denotes the runoff of catchment i in month m in 2050 for GCM g under scenario s. \({R}_{g,m,i}^{2005-2014}\) and \({R}_{s,g,m,i}^{2041-2050}\) denote the multi-year average runoff from 2005 to 2014, and from 2041 to 2050, respectively, calculated using the simulation results from GCM g. Using the runoff for each GCM, the WSI in 2050 for each catchment was recalculated, water-scarce areas were identified, and the urban population exposed to water scarcity was estimated.

Contribution analysis

Based on the approach used by McDonald et al. and Munia et al., we quantified the contribution of socioeconomic factors (i.e., water demand and urban population) and climatic factors (i.e., water availability) to the changes in global urban water scarcity from 2016 to 2050. To assess the contribution of socioeconomic factors (\({{{{{\mathrm{Co{n}}}}}}}_{s,{{{{\mathrm{SE}}}}}}\)), we calculated global urban water scarcity in 2050 while varying demand and population and holding catchment runoff constant (\({{{{{\mathrm{UW{S}}}}}}}_{s,{{{{\mathrm{SE}}}}}}^{2050}\)). Conversely, to assess the contribution of climate change (\(Co{n}_{s,CC}\)), we calculated scarcity while varying runoff and holding urban population and water demand constant (\({{{{{\mathrm{UW{S}}}}}}}_{s,{{{{\mathrm{CC}}}}}}^{2050}\)). Socioeconomic and climatic contributions were then calculated as:

Feasibility analysis of potential solutions to urban water scarcity

Potential solutions to urban water scarcity involve two aspects: increasing water availability and reducing water demand. Approaches to increasing water availability include groundwater exploitation, seawater desalination, reservoir construction, and inter-basin water transfer; while approaches to reduce water demand include water-use efficiency measures (e.g., new cultivars for improving agricultural water productivity, sprinkler or drip irrigation for improving water-use efficiency, water-recycling facilities for improving domestic and industrial water-use intensity), limiting population growth, and virtual water trade. To find the best ways to address urban water scarcity, we assessed the feasibility of these potential solutions for each large city (Supplementary Fig. 2).

First, we divided these solutions into seven groups according to scenario settings and the scale of implementation of each solution (Supplementary Fig. 2). Among the solutions assessed, water-use efficiency improvement, limiting population growth, and climate change mitigation were included in the simulation of water demand and water availability under the ScenarioMIP SSPs&RCPs simulations. Here, we considered the measures within SSP1&RCP2.6 which included the lowest growth in population, irrigated area, crop intensity, and greenhouse gas emissions; and the largest improvements in irrigation, industrial, and municipal water-use efficiency.

We then evaluated the feasibility of the seven groups of solutions according to the characteristics of water-scarce cities (Supplementary Fig. 2). Of the 526 large cities (with population >1 million in 2016 according to the United Nations' World Urbanization Prospects), we identified those facing perennial or seasonal water scarcity under at least one scenario by 2050. We then selected the cities that no longer faced water scarcity under SSP1&RCP2.6 where the internal scenario assumptions around water-use efficiency, population growth, and climate change were sufficient to mitigate water scarcity. Following McDonald et al. and Wada et al., we assumed that desalination can be a potential solution for coastal cities (distance from coastline <100 km) and groundwater exploitation can be feasible for cities where the groundwater table has not significantly declined. For cities in catchments facing seasonal water scarcity and with suitable topography, reservoir construction was identified as a potential solution. Inter-basin water transfer was identified as a potential solution for a city if nearby basins (i.e., in the same country, <1000 km away [the distance of the longest water transfer project in the world]) were not subject to water scarcity and had sufficient water resources to address the water scarcity for the city. Domestic virtual water trade was identified as a potential solution for a city if it was located in a country without national scale water scarcity. International water transfer or virtual water trade was identified as a feasible solution for cities in middle and high-income countries. Based on the above assumptions, we identified potential solutions to water scarcity in each city (see Supplementary Table 1 for the data used).

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Future global urban water scarcity and potential solutions - Nature Communications

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Urbanization and climate change are together exacerbating water scarcity-where water demand exceeds availability-for the world's cities. We quantify global urban water scarcity in 2016 and 2050 under four socioeconomic and climate change scenarios, and explored potential solutions.

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| ·       I like that they appear at the video ·       i liked that the people were there giving the information and the visuals were fine ·       it doesn't hear too well and it also it doesn't have images, but the information is cool ·       I like the information but I would like to see attractive images. ·       the video didn't have good quality and the audio was not clearly. ·       It looks nice ·       I like that we can actually see faces, however the audio could be better but I understand that the it's "outside noise". I would improve the dynamic of the video so it could catch the attention of the people. ·       The audio was very low ·       It was a good video ·       The information was interesting and the video is okay but I can’t hear ·       I really liked the video and the explanation ·       The audio makes it so difficult to understand the content of the video ·       The audio is not good ·       It has a good message but the audio was kind difficult to understand ·       The messaged was good, but I can’t say the same about the attractive of video ·       The audio is not good ·       We couldn't heard quite good, but the message was actually like wow. ·       I like the message, I think that is interesting. ·       The video didn't catch me attention. It would be better with images. ·       The audio wasn’t very good ·       I like the message they give at the final. ·       The video was good, and i like the information, but i would like to see more visuals ·       loved it

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The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development and the Earth Charter

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The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development and the Earth Charter

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1gj3l94GVdN7lPugWV7NF84iL-KH2sc-VSp_PICuR75c/edit

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Copia de The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development and the Earth Charter

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Create a new document and edit with others at the same time -- from your computer, phone or tablet. Get stuff done with or without an internet connection. Use Docs to edit Word files. Free from Google.

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 The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development and the Earth Charter- Yayo e Isaac

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1: https://www.becas-santander.com/es/blog/consecuencias-de-la-deforestacion.html

2:https://climate.selectra.com/es/que-es/deforestacion

3:https://www.greenpeace.org/mexico/blog/4074/deforestacion-que-es-quien-la-causa-y-por-que-deberia-importarnos/

4:https://www.nationalgeographic.es/medio-ambiente/deforestacion

5:https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deforestaci%C3%B3n

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Metas y medidas para reducir el daño causado por la deforestación

El bienestar de la tierra es fundamental para el equilibrio de los ecosistemas y la biodiversidad del planeta. Por ello, es vital preocuparnos para que esa estabilidad no se vea afectada por acciones externas.

Para luchar contra la deforestación, se debe poner en marcha proyectos que sean respetuosos con el medioambiente y que contribuyan a la reducción de este impacto negativo mediante medidas como las prácticas agrícolas o el implemento del carbono forestal.

La agrosilvicultura es un método de cultivo que integra los árboles en los sistemas agrícolas y que preserva los suelos, restaura los ecosistemas degradados y mejora las condiciones de producción agrícola.

Los proyectos de carbono forestal tienen como objetivo restaurar y preservar los bosques, así como apoyar el desarrollo socioeconómico de las comunidades desfavorecidas con la plantación de árboles.

Además de estas iniciativas, es crucial tanto ofrecer incentivos a las empresas para que adopten estas medidas como contar con organismos reguladores para que vigilen su correcta aplicación. Y es que, como consumidores responsables, tenemos un papel fundamental a la hora de combatir la deforestación y así reducir la huella ecológica.

El gran desafío del siglo XXI es actuar frente a la crisis climática y potenciar medidas sostenibles que acaben con la deforestación de los bosques y con el calentamiento global. Por esta razón, es importante que tomemos conciencia de lo que está ocurriendo en nuestro entorno para poder ser agentes de cambio e implementar medidas eficientes que sean respetuosas con nuestro alrededor.

En su apuesta por la educación y la formación continua como uno de los motores más eficaces para acelerar el proceso de transición hacia una economía verde, y para ayudar al progreso de las personas, superar los desafíos que presenta la cuarta revolución industrial y crecer de manera inclusiva y sostenible, Banco Santander apuesta por tres conceptos clave para impulsar la empleabilidad: el aprendizaje continuo, el reciclaje profesional y la capacitación adicional. Con este fin, cuenta con el portal de Becas Santander, un programa global, único y pionero.

Si buscas seguir creciendo tanto personal como profesionalmente, consulta el portal de Becas Santander en el que encontrarás cientos de oportunidades para formarte de la mano de instituciones de prestigio internacional. Podrás acceder a capacitaciones en tecnología, idiomas, estudios, investigación, soft skills, prácticas y liderazgo femenino, que te ayudarán a mejorar tu empleabilidad o reorientar tu carrera profesional.

¿Quieres convertirte en un lifelong learner y seguir aprendiendo para aumentar tus oportunidades laborales? El portal de Becas Santander te ofrece un montón de opciones para que puedas alcanzar tus objetivos. Consulta la plataforma y recuerda, puedes inscribirte en tantos programas como quieras. ¡Aprovecha la oportunidad!

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Consecuencias de la deforestación: conoce uno de los fenómenos que más afecta al cambio climático

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El bienestar de la tierra es fundamental para el equilibrio de los ecosistemas y la biodiversidad del planeta. Por ello, es vital preocuparnos para que esa estabilidad no se vea afectada por acciones externas.

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Team: Andrea, Gaby and Alexis "The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development and the Earth Charter"

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Ppo2O7lIB9CjhChbP1uf4NRYUKkcpWn6fi-pqKU67qY/edit?usp=sharing

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The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development and the Earth Charter

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Abordar la escasez y la calidad del agua. (2019, December 3). UNESCO. https://es.unesco.org/themes/garantizar-suministro-agua/hidrologia/escasez-calidad

desabasto de agua –. (n.d.). Agua.org.mx. https://agua.org.mx/tag/desabasto-de-agua/

Guillén, F. (2022, August 18). Escasez de agua en México afecta ya a 40% del país: Conagua￼. Serendipia. https://serendipia.digital/investigacion/escasez-de-agua-en-mexico-afecta-ya-a-40-del-pais-conagua/

Lira, C. (2022, August 8). ¿Qué provoca el desabasto de agua en el mundo? 6 consecuencias para entender esta situación. Ecofiltro México. https://ecofiltro.mx/blogs/news/que-provoca-el-desabasto-de-agua

Tema 13, Canvas. Módulo 3 Producción de ensayos https://cursos.tecmilenio.mx/courses/109542/pages/mi-curso?module_item_id=403162

Greenpeace México. (n.d.). ¿Por qué en México hay escasez de agua? - Greenpeace México. Greenpeace MÃ©Xico. https://www.greenpeace.org/mexico/blog/10163/por-que-en-mexico-hay-escasez-de-agua/

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C Minero, Conoce 5 alternativas ecológicas de higiene personal, 21/03/2022

https://www.tunota.com/vida/bienestar/conoce-5-alternativas-ecologicas-de-higiene-personal

“El Salmón Contracorriente” 6 alternativas para la limpieza y la higiene personal 02/02/2015

https://www.elsalmoncontracorriente.es/?6-alternativas-para-la-limpieza-y

Foamie México, Productos sustentables de higiene personal, 09/07/21

https://www.foamie.mx/blogs/el-blog-de-foamie/produstos-sustentables-de-higiene-personal

I, Rodríguez, Productos ecológicos de higiene personal y de limpieza para la casa, 30/12/2021

https://www.pisos.com/aldia/productos-ecologicos-de-higiene-personal-y-de-limpieza-para-la-casa/1654604/

J Bertran, Las alternativas mas ‘eco’ para tu cuidado personal, 31/05/2021 https://www.lavanguardia.com/vivo/longevity/20221107/8590789/cuesta-testamento-pvlv.html

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El costo ambiental de estar a la moda. (2021, 11 octubre). Noticias ONU. https://news.un.org/es/story/2019/04/1454161

Fashion & Environment. (s. f.). SustainYourStyle. https://es.sustainyourstyle.org/en/whats-wrong-with-the-fashion-industry

Impacto ambiental de la industria de la moda –. (2022, 24 mayo). Agua.org.mx. https://agua.org.mx/actualidad/impacto-ambiental-de-la-industria-de-la-moda/

Torres, B. (2022, 2 marzo). La industria de la moda: la segunda más contaminante del mundo. UNAM Global. https://unamglobal.unam.mx/la-industria-de-la-moda-la-segunda-mas-contaminante-del-mundo/

Univa, C. S. (2021, 25 mayo). Impacto ambiental de la moda. Univa. https://www.univa.mx/blog/impacto-ambiental-de-la-moda/

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The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development and the Earth Charter

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Fast Fashion and Its Environmental Impact, by Rashmila Maiti ,June 12th 2022.
https://earth.org/fast-fashions-detrimental-effect-on-the-environment/#:~:text=Yet%2C%20fast%20fashion%20has%20a,flights%20and%20maritime%20shipping%20combined.

THE IMPACT OF FAST FASHION ON THE ENVIRONMENT, by Ngan Le, JULY 20, 2020
https://psci.princeton.edu/tips/2020/7/20/the-impact-of-fast-fashion-on-the-environment

The Price Of Fast Fashion: How Consumerism Fuels The Climate Crisis And Threatens Human Rights, Mary Azubuike, January 26, 2021
https://www.humanrightspulse.com/mastercontentblog/the-price-of-fast-fashion-how-consumerism-fuels-the-climate-crisis-and-threatens-human-rights

Fast Fashion’s Detrimental Effect on the Environment, by Earth.Org, October 20, 2021
https://impakter.com/fast-fashion-effect-on-the-environment/

Fast Fashion: Understanding the Environmental Impacts and Solutions, by Tiamhock Chua, April 6th 2022
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/fast-fashion-understanding-environmental-impacts-solutions-chua

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t15 The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development and the Earth Charter

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·       I thnk it woul be missing more examples

·       Improve the English

·       It was good

·        It was good but I don’t like the images, they were basic. ·       the audio is clear but the video resources can be better. ·       the audio and the images cool ·       The pictures are cool, but I think it could be better  I just think that the consecutively images are a bit

·

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 The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development and the Earth Charter

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The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development and the Earth Charter

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https://cuentame.inegi.org.mx/territorio/agua/usos.aspx?tema=T

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https://www.gaceta.unam.mx/crisis-agua-industria/#:~:text=Aunque%20el%20porcentaje%20de%20agua,seg%C3%BAn%20datos%20de%20la%20CNA.

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México tiene una disponibilidad de 0.1% del total del agua dulce del planeta, y la distribución de ésta, es desigual, por lo que mucho del país está catalogado como zona semidesértica. En la clasificación mundial, México está considerado como un país con baja disponibilidad.

Aunado a la relativa poca disponibilidad, hay que tomar en cuenta el crecimiento poblacional, que hace que el promedio de agua por persona haya pasado de 18 mil metros cúbicos por persona en 1950, a 3 mil 692 para 2015.

9 millones de mexicanos no cuentan con acceso a agua potable, según datos oficiales y del Centro Virtual del Agua.

El consumo del agua en México, al igual que en la mayor parte del mundo, se divide en uso personal, de industria, y de agricultura. A nivel mundial, la industria utiliza 22%, contra 8% del consumo personal, y 70% de la agricultura, según datos de la ONU.

En México, según la Comisión Nacional del Agua, la agricultura utiliza entre 68 y 70%, la industria y las hidroeléctricas cerca de 14%, mientras que el uso doméstico es de alrededor de 10%.

Agrícola, el sector que más desperdicia

La agricultura y ganadería son los sectores que más agua utilizan y los que más la desperdician. Según la Conagua, 57% del total utilizado, se desperdicia principalmente por infraestructuras de riego ineficiente que se encuentra en mal estado, es obsoleta o tiene fugas. La superficie irrigada es de 6.3 millones de hectárea.

Las pérdidas por infiltración y evaporación son de más del 60% del agua que se almacena para uso agrícola.

La industria contamina más

La contaminación de los cuerpos acuíferos representa un problema adicional al desperdicio y poca disponibilidad, y se genera cuando se descargan aguas residuales sin tratamiento sin importar su origen, ya sea de tipo doméstico, industrial, agrícola o minero. Para 2010, más de 70% de los cuerpos de agua de México estaba contaminado, resaltando las del Valle de México.

Aunque el porcentaje de agua que utiliza la industria es mucho menos que la de uso agrícola, genera la contaminación equivalente a la de 100 millones de habitantes, según datos de la CNA.

La industria azucarera es la que produce la mayor cantidad de materia orgánica contaminante y la petrolera y química las que producen los contaminantes de mayor impacto ambiental.

Es importante resaltar que, dado el ciclo hidrológico, un cuerpo de agua podría quedar limpio en un tiempo corto si la fuente de contaminación se suspende, pero si hay sedimentos y la contaminación no se suspende, puede tardar décadas en limpiarse.

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Más de 80% del agua se va en uso agrícola y de la industria - Gaceta UNAM

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La industria de producción y la agricultura consumen la mayoría del agua que se utiliza en México. En el sector agrícola se desperdicia más del 57% por la infraestructura obsoleta y en mal estado; la industria es la que contamina más: el equivalente a la generada por 100 millones de habitantes.

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file:///C:/Users/TEMP.UTM.000/Downloads/The%20Rio%20Declaration%20on%20Environment%20and%20Development%20and%20the%20Earth%20Charter.pdf

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https://piedepagina.mx/cervecera-se-quedaria-con-44-del-agua-de-mexicali/

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Si la empresa Constellation Brands instala la cervecera en Mexicali, Baja California, tomaría casi la mitad del agua disponible, según un estudio. En una zona con estrés hídrico. La consulta para definir su instalación está prevista para este 21 de marzo
Texto y fotos: Daliri Oropeza

La empresa cervecera Constellation Brands tomaría hasta el 44 por ciento del agua de la reserva que tiene Mexicali, de acuerdo con el investigador Alfonso Andrés Cortés Lara, quien hiz un estudio para una Opinión Técnica sobre la Manifestación de Impacto Ambiental (MIA) de la Planta Cervecera.

Por ello, denuncia que el derecho humano al agua no se consulta sino que se protege y debe garantizarse agua de calidad, de manera oportuna, precio asequible, y de esa manera también garantizar el derecho de los productores agrícolas para la seguridad alimentaria.

Para el, la Constellation Brans atenta directamente contra este derecho.

Desde su perspectiva, "una consulta como la que proponen es como decir '¿están de acuerdo que se cumpla el derecho humano al agua?' y esa no es la ruta mas indicada (para respetarlo)".

A esto se suma la denuncia de Elena Burns de la red Agua para Todos. Ella da cuenta de que las leyes mexicanas que crearon permiten el acaparamiento del agua confines mercantiles.

"Estamos en un periodo con una Ley de aguas nacionales que no reconoce el derecho humano al agua y está permitiendo la violación de este derecho en el país. Particularmente en esta zona, de las más críticas del país. Las temperaturas llegan a 45 grados, además, Estados Unidos presiona por tener acceso".

De acuerdo con su lectura, se está privilegiando en este caso la mercantiilzación. Explica que esto es posible desde 1992. Para llevar a cabo el Tratado de Libre Comercio acomodaron la ley para poner las aguas nacionales bajo sistema de concesiones concebida como compra y venta, sin preocuparse por derechos de pueblos.

"El derecho humano al agua no tiene valor bajo este sistema, y todos los funcionarios, (Felipe) Calderón, (Enrique) Peña Nieto lo siguieron, y sigue operando actualmente".

Queda entonces reducido al acceso al agua por privatización.

Por ello, la CNDH emitió la recomendación 1/2020 para la Conagua y el gobierno de Baja California.

La Comisión Nacional de Derechos Humanos concluyó que la instalación de la empresa Constellation Brands pone en peligro el acceso al agua de la población y de los agricultores del Valle de Mexicali.

De acuerdo con el doctor Alfonso Andrés Cortés Lara es importante que la CNDH resaltó las irregularidades en el otorgamiento de permisos que hubo a la empresa estadounidense. Cortés Lara se especializa en uso y manejo del agua en zonas áridas y desarrollo de recursos Hídricos,

Estrés hídrico

La cuenca del Río Colorado, que es la que abastece al valle de Mexicali, principal fuente de agua para todo el estado y para parte de Sonora, es una cuenca que está bajo amenaza por estrés hídrico, por cuestiones de cambio climático, por atravesar zonas desérticas y por el uso que se le da a este afluente compartido con Estados Unidos.

El Acuífero Valle de Mexicali es vedado y oficialmente reconocido como sobreexplotado, en esta zona de extremo estrés hídrico.

Alfonso Andrés Lara, profesor investigador del Colegio de la Frontera Norte asegura que esta cuenca resiente el periodo prolongado de sequía que vivimos desde 1999. Además se han agotado las fuentes de recarga y la precipitación pluvial es casi nula. Por lo que es imposible una recarga natural del acuífero. En suma, la evaporación por el calor es mayor que la precipitación.

Es un desierto, es zona seca, árida. Aunque la planta la construyeron en un lugar estratégico cerca de los campos de riego agrícolas, a la orilla sur de la ciudad, al norte del Río Colorado, cerca de carreteras y vías férreas.

El exgobernador panista Víctor Hermosillo vendió a 11 pesos el metro cuadrado a la empresa, cuando su valor está entre 200 y 300 pesos por metro cuadrado.

A esto se suma que el caudal del río Colorado, que baja desde las montañas Rocallosas, atraviesa por 7 estados de EU, y deriva a través de la presa José María Morelos y Pavón al cruzar la frontera. Desde 1965 hay concesiones de agua, y está sobre explotado.

Los acuíferos del norte de Baja California, como el del Valle de Mexicali, se abastecen de los ríos que bajan desde Colorado y California. Y ambas fuentes se encuentran en condición crítica por la sobreexplotación agrícola que prevalece en Estados Unidos y en este estado.

En suma, nada de esta agua se regresa al medio ambiente y este es el principal punto de alerta que detalla el investigador.

Uso del agua y opacidad

El volumen del agua que utilizaría la planta cervecera pone más presión limitar el agua para consumo humano, de acuerdo con el investigador del Colef Alfonso Andrés Cortés Lara.

El doctor encontró, al revisar la Manifestación de Impacto Ambiental de la empresa, que la trasnacional nunca especifica de manera precisa el volumen de agua que requieren para la construcción y operación de la planta cervecera.

De acuerdo con sus cálculos, si usara el que tiene más coincidencias en la MIA, serían 15 millones de metros cúbicos del agua superficial y 5 millones de metros cúbicos de aguas subterráneas.

Pero Cortés Lara acusa que hay maña cuando la cervecera niega que se afectará el consumo de agua de la ciudadanía en Mexicali. Esto es porque lo está equiparando con el volúmen de agua del Estado, en donde entonces sí daría el 1 por ciento.

"La empresa no dice que va a sacar el agua de toda la ciudad ni del valle, no dice que de la reserva de la ciudad, y esa es 22.78 millones de metros cúbicos al año. Mexicali actualmente consume 101 millones de metros cúbicos al año, es dueño de 124 millones de metros cúbicos. Esa reserva es para todas las actividades: uso gubernamental, privado, público, de los hogares y para la siembra. En documentos oficiales dicen que la cervecera obtendría de la ciudad 20 millones de agua. Si hacemos el cálculo con 10 millones de metros cúbicos equivale al 44 por ciento de las reservas", detalla el investigador.

En la gestión del panista Víctor Hermosillo, la ciudadanía organizada de Mexicali logró frenar la construcción irregular destinada a ser un acueducto que daría servicio a la cervecera. Se construía con recursos públicos licitado en 520 millones de pesos.

De acuerdo con los informes, la cervecera tiene el 65 por ciento de avance en su construcción.

La cuenca compartida y el tironeo con EU

Baja California tiene derecho a usar el 9 por ciento del agua de la cuenca del río Colorado. Lo comparte con 7 estados de Estados Unidos, país de donde llega el río y desemboca en el golfo de California.

Para dividir el uso, México firmó el Tratado de Aguas Internacionales con el país vecino por el cual puede usar mil 850 millones de metros cúbicos anualmente.

Este tratado tiene agregados que ha hecho Estados Unidos en los últimos años. Con estos agregados se ha reducido la cantidad de litros que pueden ocupar los ocho usuarios mencionados en el acuerdo.

Por ello, el investigador afirma que esto tiene efectos esperados como resultado de la alta variabilidad climática para el Valle de Mexicali, como es la disminución de la velocidad de flujo del agua, el aumento de la concentración salina en el agua del río y acuífero subterráneo, la disminución de eficiencia de riego a nivel general y parcelario; el incremento de costos de operación en zona de riego y en sistemas de la ciudad, entre otros.

¿De dónde salió la consulta?

"Nos mandan a decir hasta de la Embajada de Estados Unidos (...) que si se lleva a cabo la consulta va a quedar muy mal el país", dice el presidente Andrés Manuel Lopez Obrador sobre las presiones que recibe por la inversión realizada por la cervecera trasnacional Constellation Brands. Es su conferencia de prensa del 3 de marzo. Asegura que la consulta fue una resolución de la Secretaría de Medio Ambiente, para ver si opera o no la planta en Mexicali.

"¿Y qué le digo a la gente de Baja California donde se va a llevar a cabo la consulta? Nada más que tengan todos los elementos, toda la información, que vean si realmente se afecta, si objetivamente hay una afectación, porque la empresa sostiene que no hay ninguna afectación, que es una inversión que va a generar empleos".

Uno de los argumentos para realizar la consulta que dio el presidente en su conferencia matutina es una denuncia: "¿quiénes fueron los responsables de esto?, ¿quiénes dieron los permisos? Si no era conveniente, ¿para qué entregaron los permisos a la planta? Nos toca a nosotros estar enfrentando estos asuntos y por eso tenemos que escuchar a la gente".

A su vez emitió un mensaje a las élites extranjeras: "Pedirles también a los inversionistas extranjeros, a los empresarios en general que actúen también con ética, porque, ¿qué pasaba antes? Venían y veían a México como tierra de conquista".

Colectivos ciudadanos como Mexicali Resiste han documentado que la empresa constructora de la cervecera es del ex alcalde panista, Víctor Hermosillo.

El presidente reiteró la realización de la consulta en su visita a Baja California del 8 de marzo.

Las irregularidades de la consulta

Semarnat aseguró que es la Secretaría de Gobernación la que convoca a la consulta. Esta semana previa a la consulta comenzaron a circular volantes con información idéntica a la que difunde la empresa pero firmados con el sello que dice "Gobierno México" y Secretaría de Gobernación, Conagua y Semarnat.

Ante esto, Semarnat también se deslindo de la información:

"Uno de los principios fundamentales de la Semarnat es el manejo de información científica actualizada en la toma de decisiones, así como un respeto irrestricto a la opinión de los ciudadanos y su derecho a recibir información fidedigna. Por lo cual, la Semarnat no está de acuerdo con la información que desde el pasado sábado está circulando en un folleto".

Elena Burns denuncia que es una consulta "es altamente irregular, pues no saber las preguntas, las casillas. Y lo que no nos gusta es que este tipo andamiaje, intento de consulta, tan rápido y tan opaco y tan manipulado, es muy preocupante". Estos días fueron publicados de maneraoficial los lugares de Mexicali donde habrá casillas. Aún falta la pregunta y la información se maneja a cuentagotas.

"Yo hubiera preferido que se dejara libre el proceso con la CNDH. Que se evitara esta distracción de la consulta para que siguiera el proceso de las recomendaciones y que las autoridades respondieran a estas. Con la consulta, de manera indirecta facilita, se desvía a que las autoridades evadan la responsabilidad de responder a la CNDH, proceso que llevaría a frenar la construcción", asegura el doctor Cortés Lara.

Las élites trasnacionales

Constellation Brands, con sede en Nueva York, es líder en la venta de alcohol en el mundo. La compañía tiene un portafolio con más de 100 marcas de vinos, licores y cervezas.

En 2013 la compañía compró Grupo Modelo, la empresa cervecera más importante de México. La compañía tiene plantas de producción en Coahuila y Ciudad Obregón, Sonora. Desde que compró Grupo Modelo en las plantas de Hidalgo y Yucatán, momento en que se convirtió en la tercera productora de cerveza en México.

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Cervecera se quedaría con 44% del agua de Mexicali - Pie de Página

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Si la empresa Constellation Brands instala la cervecera en Mexicali, Baja California, tomaría casi la mitad del agua disponible, según un estudio. En una zona con estrés hídrico. La consulta para definir su instalación está prevista para este 21 de marzo

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(Introduction phase)
We should reconsider consuming fast fashion

(What is fast fashion?)
Fast fashion is a concept used by the different fashion brands to refer to that temporal clothes that as fast as they become trending, they can be thrown to trash. One main problem of this is that influencers promote too much this type of clothes with different marketing strats, and for example, there is a big ecologic problem that Gerardo is going to talk about

(Part of yayo)

(What can we do to stop or countermeasure the fast fashion?)
We can do different practices or things, such as buying in thrift stores (used clothes) or investigate a little bit more about the places where we are buying.

(Conclusion)

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https://youtu.be/VTC8_V-TjC0

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Evidence 3 Ecology and Geography (yayo y Isaac)

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https://youtu.be/eImRWzEJN9U

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https://vm.tiktok.com/ZMFHuCmoY/

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Write your coments here
The first question made me think, i think you chosed the best information

Karla: I really liked your video, I think that most of the people is not aware of this alternatives, thank you so much, a very helpful video.

I didn’t know it was possible to create a homemade mouthwash with the same or even more effectiveness as the comercial ones 🙀 since now, I’ll start looking for those alternatives, great video :) I loved how you explained it

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·       it was al right

·       it's so true that social media influence people to buy too many things.

·       It was visually attractive, I like it and the information was good I could understand it.

·       I think the video is good and has good content about the problematic of fast fashion but only the audio wasn't very good but is a great job.

·       I like how beautiful it looks

·       I think that the information they're giving its complete. It approaches themes that you're not normally aware of. Also the video it's very colorful and dynamic, personally I think the audio could be better.

·       The información was contundente, I like the colors AND the edition but the Time of video was large

·       The visuals were very nice

·       The presentation was really good and interesting, I like it!

·       The video esa very nice , I loved the images

·       The video was pretty interesting since it has attractive image and a general view of the problem. It also propose good precautions and solutions to the problem.

·       It was good

·       I really like your video, it's well explained

·       I like the colors, the pictures and the explication and the solution about the topic

·       It Is interesting

·       The presentation was different and with a lot of information

·       I like the video, but I think that the audio could be better.

·       I liked the video, the design is simple and pretty. Well explained the topic.

·       I love how they edit the video!

·       Fast fashion. They talked about the water usage, the environment and solutions for the fast fashion. I liked the video, it has good visuals and it was very complete. They also put music, so I think its a great video.

·       Fast Fashion. I like the content and the presentation, it was very complete.

·       The visuals were very pretty and was interesting, well development of the topic

I like how they expouse all the consecuences of the production in the fashion industry

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Teacher i was going to upload the video here but it says that is heavy, but we uploaded in tik tok, it has 6 views and 1 like and 0 comments, what matters is the we did it.

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Karla: I really like your video, this type of videos have important facts and have a great message for all, we must take care our planet.

Eri: Wow, You really did a good job, this is an impressive video, and I loved the phrases you used in order the people to understand the message, “human hurts the planet” I totally agree

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Karla: love your video and message, more videos like this will make conscience and more people will be aware of this problem in order to solve it.

Nice graphics :D! You made clear the importance of the water and you made a cool ending with that phrase, I’ll never forget it 😄 amazing video

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Karla: I liked your video, I did not know all that information, I think that with this video, a lot of people is going to be aware of this huge problem, excellent video, thanks.

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| ·       the information was good but the visuals could’ve been better ·
the images are good but the music is too loud and it doesn't hear the people’s voices ·
The audio was very saturated, I couldn’t understand, the images weren’t attractive. ·       I didn't understand because of the audio but the information in the video was good. ·
i like the audio and the message its refers more like a problem ·
The audio it's really difficult to understand, however the dynamic of the video it's cool. Because of the audio i can't really understand the information but thanks to the images i guess its good. ·       I really love the edition ·
The music was so loud and it was difficult to understand ·
The way they do it was incredible, it gives the warning about what fast fashion is doing ·
I liked some images, the music was very loud ·
The audio was a little wierd, but the dramatic topic cause a deeper effect of reflection on the viewer. ·
It is good ·
I really like your video and the sound effects that you used for the video. ·       The visuals are cool ·
It has interesting information ·
This one was amazing had a lot of images. ·
The audio could be better ·
The design is clear, I liked the photos and stikers but the audio isn't clear. I can't understand nothing ·
The info was really good ·
It has great visuals and complete information, but I think it would be better with better audio and maybe other background song. ·
I like the presentation and the way they present the problem. ·
The audio wasnt understandable, but the video was nice. ·
I love it !!!

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| ·       I really liked it ·       I liked all the images that you used in all the video ·       The video was spectacular, but the audio was hard to understand. ·       the video was awesome but only the audio was not very good, but I like the information and the visuals resources. ·       The information and the visual  look nice ·       The information of this themed it's very complete, also the topic that they're exposing I believe it's a bit sensitive and they've managed to explain it well. Also the video it's very eye-catching and it makes you digest the information well. ·       I like the voice in the video, It was really sexy ·       The video was great but the audio was a little bit bad ·       The video was good but I couldn’t hear a lot ·       really liked the video, really good visuals ·       The visuals were vere good, it showed the importance of water on living things and the need of its preservation. ·       It was very informative, the truth was well written and entertaining ·       I like the videos and the images that you used ·       Was really cool, the music, the visuals and the explanation ·       It is interesting and It Is ok ·       I understood this one really good because they gave examples that helped ·       The audio could be better ·       Graphics and quality of the video is so good but the audio is bad ·       I like the videos they add in the background ·       The video has great audio, great visuals and I liked the music and the information. ·       I liked the edition and the content. ·       The video was beautiful and so well done, the only issue with it was the audio ·       Very creative

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| ·       I like the froggy and it looks like podcast i love it ·       it was fine, the visuals, the info. ·       The pronunciation was really good ·       The audio was very good, but I think they can improve the visuals. The information was complete and good too  ·       the information is cool but it needs like more visuals ·       The audio and the information were excellent but the images were not related to the topic. ·       the video was not clearly so I Don't have an idea of the information but the audio has the right content of the problematic. ·       the audio it's amazing and the information it's okay. however I think the video could be better, using more that just one picture would've been better. ·       The video was like a lofi vídeo, I dont understand the información very well ·       The way they explain is so good but is missing some visuals and its a little bit long ·       The visuals were not about the theme ·       I loved the video, the images and the production was so nice, maybe more images are missing, the explanation was really nice ·       The fact that there is only one image may cause the viewers get bored, also the information is presented a little faster, so it was difficult to understand it ·       The truth felt good, but... The visual resources don't help much, it's just an image ·       I like the images that you used and the background music ·       The video is so nice, the video, also the audio. I liked ·       It Is a relax video and thoughtful ·       The image is beautiful, but it is just 1 image in all the video and also is not really related to the topic ·       I think that is interesting ·       The audio was good but I would be much better if you have put more images. ·       I like how they explain the topic ·       it was only a frog with audio, but the audio was good and the frog pretty

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| ·       I liked the topic. Deforestation is a big problem that people needs to know about. I liked the visuals, the audio and the information was very complete. Maybe they could put some background music, but its ok like that too. ·       Deforestation, Edition and the voice was clear. ·       i liked the theme ·       i liked the video, the information is complete ·       I like the video a lot, the images and the information were very clear and direct, you got easily the point of the video. ·       it is a very good video, has amazing visual resources and the edition of the video is really good, the audio is clearly and the information is objective, I really like the quality of this job. ·       It looks very proffesional ·       the video it's very interesting and creative, it's really bright and enjoyable. it explains the topic very well and has very good information. they've organized the theme so it's easier to understand it. ·       I don’t understand my classmates but the information about the deforestion was really good ·       The visuals were attractive and the information was very detailed, making the point of the video very clear. ·       I feel that it is good, but it is long, if it were short it would be much better ·       The video looks very professional. Also the topic is well explained. ·       "So nice, the graphics, the audio, edition. ·       I really liked it" ·       It Is a long video but It has a lot of important information ·       I really like the video, it contains a lot of visuals, like images and the information is clear. ·       I think that the video is interesting but it is very long. ·       I loved the video. Audio, design, graphics were perfect ·       I like the edition ·       I liked the audio and the information, but I think that they can improve the visuals ·       The audio was good, but it was only letters, with no video at all, only images ·       I loved it

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| ·       the images doesn't correspond to the message ·       The information was interesting and the visuals were so good ·       I think it’s missing production, but the explanation was nice ·       it was entertaining ·       i liked the video, but the visuals doesn't like represent the message ·       I liked the video but it was horizontal even they uploaded it on Tik tok. ·       the audio is not clear so I didn't understand but the video is according to the information. ·       the image look beautiful ·       the video it's a bit boring, but the information it's good. I think it'll be more entertaining if the had more dynamic. ·       The images were good for the video ·       It have a good message but its missing the visuals ·       The video was good ·       The message is really nice ·       It shows good general information about water, though the visuals are not so related with the topic. ·       It was good, only the images weren't according the video ·       The visuals were beautiful ·       The visuals were nice ·       It is interesting but the images are ·       This was a little bit different because it had mini video clips, ·       The images are not related about the topic. The audio is more less ·       Its sad to know this is a real problem but the video is very informative ·       I couldnt hear very well the video, but I think they had complete information. ·       creative

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| ·       the sound wasn’t really audible but it was alright ·       I liked the audio and the information. They used graphics that helped to understand better the topic, so I liked it a lot. ·       i liked that in the video in appears the map of Mexico, also a graphic representing the information and graphic organizers ·       I liked the video, the information was short but relevant, so it make the video interesting. ·       the audio is clear so I understand all the information and the message but the visual resources would have been better. ·       soo cool it looks nice ·       the pictures of the video are informative. on other hand it's a lot of information at the same time I think that a bit of separation between each topic will make the video more digestible. ·       The voice behind the video was sexy, I want to meet the man that create the video ·       It gives a good message and it have good visuals ·       The video and information was good ·       I loved the resources that you used, great video ·       The visuals and the information are very good, and the message was pretty clear ·       It has a lot of Information ·       It was nice. I like the massage ·       Were good the photos, the audio sometime apprised me but the message was cool ·       It has a lot of information and It was good ·       The statistics helped to understand better the real cases.  ·       The volume of audio suddenly got louder and surprised me. But the images were good.  ·       I liked the information, the audio and the visuals.  ·       the information was good and i like the video ·       very creative

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| ·       i liked the background music, and  they told the story ·       i loved the video ·       I liked a lot the images they used very very attractive, the information was also interesting. ·       the video was very creative and the information was clear and the message was clear, I like the way this video was planning and the representation of the problematic and how we can solve this. ·       I like the use of a videogame ·       I love the pictures of the video. Also the information it's well divided so it makes it easier to understand. The fact that they've used many pictures makes it very entertaining and enjoyable. ·       The information was good  ·       The video was interactive and very good ·       Your video was nice ·       The fact of showing examples has a good effect on the video, also the visuals and the information ·       It was good. ·       The visuals were nice. Really well explained ·       Graphics are cute, the music also pretty. ·       I like It, and It has ·       For me this one was the best, the cartoons, the information, everything was very understandable. And the alternatives they proposed were pretty good.  ·       Graphics are cute and clear, so I liked the video. I could understand well the topic. ·       The edition was really good ·       We couldn't listen to the video, but I liked the edition and how they appear in the videp  ·       the video was so cute and well done, but the audio was a little bit missundertandable ·       good information

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| ·       i couldn’t listen enough and the visuals could’ve been better ·       we couldn't listen, it needs like more visuals  ·       I didn't hear the audio so I don't know if te information is clear or anything about the problematic. ·       I like it, but the audio :( ·       l will appreciate if the audio could be more understandable. But I like that we can see the people talking. It's a very bright idea using like a green-screen. ·       I couldnt listen the video ·       nice video ·       The video was different but okay ·       The audio was not working ·       The audio makes it a little difficult to understand, but using a chroma ( green screen ) was very attractive ·       You have to usea headphones to listen to it ·       The audio wasn't good ·       Imposible to listen ·       The audio is not good ·       We couldn't listen. ·       The audio was impossible to listen.  ·       It was the best video! ·       It has good audio, visuals and information. Great video  ·       imposible to listen ·       we couldn't hear

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| ·       i really liked it, the visuals were excellent and the information was really good, it was a nice video to watch ·       i really liked the video, it's cool ·       The video was very good, I like the animation, the music and obviously the info. ·       I like the video, the clips are clear, the audio sounds good and it is understandable, I like the song in the back and it was a very creative and objective video. ·       I like the video, it's very well edited. The information that they applied to their topic it's well explained. The dynamic that the video use it's entertaining so you never take your eyes of the video. ·       I like the video ·       It's a good video ·       The video, information and visual was incredible! ·       Your video was nice ·       the visuals are pretty attractive and the information seems to be correct ·       It was good, good visual resources and a good redactation. ·       I really like the video. The topic is well explained  ·       It has good information ·       They mixed a lot of different types of visuals, images, videos, and even background music .  ·       I liked the video, the images are good and quality is so high. ·       I didn’t understand the topic at all   ·       the video was so nice, and i love the visuals. They take my attention ·       The video meets all the requirements that were requested and makes good use of the information.

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| ·       it’s all right but the visuals could’ve been better ·       i liked all the visuals that you used ·       It was good but I don’t like the images, they were basic. ·       the audio is clear but the video resources can be better. ·       the audio and the images cool ·       The pictures are cool, but I think it could be better  I just think that the consecutively images are a bit monotonous. ·       The audio was low ·       It's a good video ·       The video had really good information ·       Good videoooo ·       the visuals and the recommendations shown on te video may be useful ·       It was regular, it was a little boring ·       It was well explained ·       Nice pictures, but I think that they can improve it ·       It Is interesting ·       They gave good tips and also shortly explained. ·       I like it ·       It was boring and didn't catch the messages ·       It’s good!   ·       was nice and interesting ·       i loved it very creative

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world rainforest movement. (2019, 15 july). Infrastructure and Extraction: A Host of Deforestation. org.uy. https://www.wrm.org.uy/bulletin-articles/infrastructure-and-extraction-a-host-of-deforestation#:~:text=The%20opening%20of%20access%20and,of%20other%20industries%20into%20forests.

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Fernando and Jasso "The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development and the Earth Charter"

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Vídeo sin título - Create and share your videos with Clipchamp

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Watch videos made with Clipchamp, the best video maker for everyone.

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TikTok video from dianamacias15 (@floodingfacts): "did you know?..... #StumbleToVictory #flood #water #harystyles". sonido original.

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Environmental impact caused by fast fashion or technology consumerism 

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Environmental impact caused by fast fashion or technology consumerism 

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Ruiz Sosa Luis Gerardo

Ledesma Álvarez Isaac