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The human tragedy behind human trafficking 

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The human tragedy behind human trafficking 

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Subject: Human trafficking
Audience: This is from someone who wants to hear a real story about the tragedy that is sex trafficking.
Context: This story is about a young woman named Mariah, She met a woman when she was 15 named Sofia who kidnapped her. This is her story.
https://www.unodc.org/documents/blueheart/testimonials.pdf
Mariah would sell bread to help her family as they had a limited income. Eventually, she met a 35-year-old woman who lived in the same village as Mariah named Sofia. The two of them would grow a friendship over time as Sofia was a common customer. Eventually, Sofia offered Maria a high-paying job in the capital. Sofia thought this could bring her family out of poverty so she agreed. However, Sofia said Mariah wouldn't be able to tell her parents she was leaving. Eventually, Sofia drugged Mariah and when Maria awoke she was in the back of a taxi with other random girls her age. The driver assaulted Maria before dropping her off at a restaurant where Maria worked as a waitress for free as Sophia took all the profits. The restaurant offered patrons to purchase waitresses for sexual work in a separate backroom. Maria worked there for a grueling month until she was transferred to a dancing parlor. However, the owner was suspicious of Sophia and Maria's relationship and alerted the authorities. However, they took no action as they didn't see it as an important matter. Mariah was forced to work however she wasn't forced to do sexual acts. One day Maria's uncle arrived at the parlor just by chance. When he recognized Maria, he informed her parents, who sought assistance from a human rights association. Sofia was found guilty of sex trafficking and was given a 10-year sentence. She was fined approximately 250$ and this was given to Mariah as compensation. The taxi driver was never convicted even with Maria's testimony. Along with no one who assaulted her during her time as a waitress.

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Government complacency with sexual human trafficking.

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Government complacency with sexual human trafficking.

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Rhetorical Situation:
Writer: Anna Fletcher
Subject: Human trafficking
Audience: Anyone who understands the real-world struggles of modern slavery and forced assault.
Context: Many countries around the world including well developed ones turn a blind eye to sexual trafficking.

The story of sexual trafficking is nothing new, however the number of missing people suspected in being sold into modern slavery is worse than it ever has been. A major source to this claim is from the International Labour Organization. In the research they found 20.9 million people went missing. By 2014 a report by the Walk Free Foundation was published and they found the number was then closer to 35.8 million people around the world experiencing modern slavery in one way or the other. This entire article doesn't hold back and has a lot of claims that would really help my argument with reliable sources. The idea of sexual trafficking isn't anything new, however it is becoming more and more proliferate as time goes on all over the world.

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Most citizens of developed nations believe that slavery ended more than a century ago. With the spread of democracy and the near-universal belief in human rights, more people enjoy freedoms and liberties that have previously been denied throughout history. Although more people enjoy more liberty than ever before, unfortunately, men, women and children are currently living in slavery in every country throughout the world. Human trafficking is considered to be modern slavery, and includes forced labor, sex trafficking, debt bondage, child labor and sexual exploitation, and organ trafficking. It is an extremely profitable, but low risk crime.

The extent of human trafficking and reported numbers range from only a few thousand to several million. Because human trafficking is closely linked to organized crime networks, arms and drug trafficking, it is part of both developed and developing nations' shadow economies and there is not accurate data as to the number of victims. In 2012, the International Labour Organization (ILO) estimated that an astounding 20.9 million people were victims of human trafficking worldwide. The 2014 report published by the Walk Free Foundation, an anti-trafficking NGO (nongovernmental organization) estimated that 35.8 million men, women and children are living in modern slavery. Because it is so difficult to accurately measure the extent of human trafficking, NGOs have frequently been accused of artificially inflating the number of victims. Whether the number of victims are only a few thousand or several million, most victims are never identified and never receive justice.

Despite most countries being signatories to the United Nations' protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (2000), which is also called the Palermo Protocol, human trafficking continues to be one of the fastest growing and profitable crimes in the world. Under the protocol signatory nations agreed both to criminalize trafficking in all forms and to provide assistance and protection to victims.

There are several reasons that trafficking is one of the fastest growing and lucrative crimes. Some of these reasons include abject poverty, the demand for low cost goods and labor, porous borders, and government complacency and complicity. Although many governments, police forces, NGOs and individuals relentlessly work to end the travesty of human trafficking, some governments, officials and individuals profit from buying and selling people as if they are commodities rather than human beings.

Government complacency and complicity is a serious hindrance in the fight against human trafficking. Traffickers are able to accrue enormous profits while destroying the lives of others with little fear of prosecution and conviction. Complacency and complicity also undermines the efforts of those on behalf of the victims because it shatters victims' trust in those who should be protecting society's most vulnerable citizens.

When profits and economics are involved, governments are more likely to turn a blind eye to certain industries where human trafficking is prevalent. The sex industry in Europe where prostitution is legal and provides tax revenue is one industry where governments are likely to overlook possible sex trafficking. Spain is one of the countries within the European Union struggling with government debt and economic recession. While the rest of Spain's economy struggles, prostitution is considered a profitable business. Prostitution is legal, but unregulated in Spain, which draws tourists and business men from the European Union and throughout the world. In 2010 the State Department reported that of the 200,000-400,000 women engaged in prostitution in Spain, 90% of them had been trafficked from various countries.

The chocolate industry is another area where governments both in Africa and throughout the world are likely to overlook. The multi-billion dollar industry has a long history of human trafficking, forced labor, slavery and child labor. Ghana and the Ivory Coast supply about 75% of the world's cocoa supply, which is sold to some of the world largest multinational companies. In 2001 two U.S. lawmakers proposed legislation known as the Chocolate Protocol to stop child labor and human trafficking, but the chocolate industry, led by multinational firms Nestle, Hersheys and Ferrero strongly opposed the legislation. Although it passed, it has made little impact on the labor practices in the chocolate industry.

The 2014 State Department's Trafficking in Persons Report details several instances of outright complicity in several countries. In many countries it is common for off duty police officers to provide security for brothels and other establishments where suspected victims have been held, making it difficult, if not impossible for law enforcement officials to conduct unbiased investigations into trafficking allegations. Police officers will sometimes warn brothel owners of raids and accept bribes from known traffickers. In Argentina, the former head of the anti-trafficking police was accused of running brothels and a deputy police commissioner was accused of holding four sex trafficking victims captive after their "rescue." The report also found that Argentinian police officers were complicit in 40% of sex trafficking cases investigated.

Other examples of complicity included judges accepting bribes from traffickers, police officers and government officials frequenting establishments known for sex trafficking, and a refusal to even investigate allegations of trafficking within their countries. A prominent government official in Angola is suspected of running an elaborate international prostitution ring that spans through Angola, South Africa, Austria, Portugal and Brazil.

Another way that governments throughout the world unintentionally assist traffickers is when they treat victims of human trafficking as criminals rather than victims. Because many victims are smuggled illegally into countries or have their travel documents confiscated, they are considered to be illegal migrants by many governments. Traffickers tell the victims that as illegal migrants, they will be arrested, deported and subjected to other harsh treatment by law enforcement officers and government officials. Because many of the victims are from developing countries where corruption and serious human rights abuses are common, these threats are both valid and very effective. Even if victims have the opportunity to escape or are rescued, many either stay in their abusive situation or even lie to law enforcement officers. When governments arrest and deport victims of trafficking, not only do they reinforce to the victims what the traffickers had told them, but it also serves as a warning to victims contemplating escape.

Many of the governments, police forces and NGOs throughout the world are working to combat the horrors of human trafficking, but we as consumers of products, such as chocolate and other goods also have a responsibility to ensure that our governments are not complacent as to how these products are produced. Educating government officials, law enforcement and citizens of the signs of human trafficking will help to prevent treating victims as criminals, and ensure that they will receive the assistance and protection that they so desperately need. One common problem among government officials, law enforcement officers and military personnel throughout developing nations is that in order to feed their families, they have to solicit and accept bribes. By paying these public employees a livable wage, government complicity in human trafficking would decrease.

Anna Fletcher is a is a JD Candidate, Class of 2016. Fletcher's entry to the GlobalJusticeBlog is part of an assignment for the course International Criminal Law, taught by Professor Wayne McCormack.
Bibliography
Cohen, Lisa, (2012, June 29) Nestlé advances child labor battle plan, CNN Freedom Project, Retrieved from http://thecnnfreedomproject.blogs.cnn.com/category/chocolates-child-slaves/

Daly, Suzanne (2012, April 6) In Spain, Women Enslaved by a Boom in Brothel Tourism, Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/07/world/europe/young-men-flock-to-spain-for-sex-with-trafficked-prostitutes.html?pagewanted=all&_r=2&

Escobedo, Tricia, (2012, January 16) The Human Cost of Chocolate, CNN Freedom Project, retrieved from http://thecnnfreedomproject.blogs.cnn.com/2012/01/16/chocolate-explainer/

Food Empowerment Project, (2013) Slavery in the Chocolate Industry, Retrieved from http://www.foodispower.org/slavery-in-the-chocolate-industry/

International Labour Organization (2012) ILO Global Estimate of Forced Labour-Results and Methodology International Labour Office, Special Action Programme to Combat Forced Labour

U.S. State Department 2010 Trafficking in Persons Report http://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2010/index.htm

U.S. State Department 2014 Trafficking in Persons Report, Retrieved from http://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2014/index.htm
Walk Free Foundation, The Global Slavery Index 2014, Retrieved from http://www.globalslaveryindex.org/findings/

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Government Complacency and Complicity in Human Trafficking

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Most citizens of developed nations believe that slavery ended more than a century ago. With the spread of democracy and the near-universal belief in human rights, more people enjoy freedoms and liberties that have previously been denied throughout history.

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Subject: Human trafficking
Audience: For information about human sex trafficking
Context: This is a document from the department of state describing sex trafficking and the statistics behind it.
https://www.state.gov/humantrafficking-about-human-trafficking/
https://www.ilo.org/global/publications/books/WCMS_575479/lang--en/index.htm
This article explains the context of human trafficking. This article uses the figure of 24.9 million victims worldwide however there are opposing arguments that have claimed much higher. The sources for the former claims come from a report done by The International Labor Organization (ILO) and the Walk Free Foundation, in partnership with the International Organization for Migration. They found that in 2016 at any given time there were at least 24.9 million people forced into labor as a slave. They are quoted as stating "16 million were in the private economy, another 4.8 million were in forced sexual exploitation, and 4.1 million were in forced labor imposed by state authorities.” These figures are of lower estimations done by the internet and that is simply staggering, to think this is a low estimation. This is a problem that is worldwide all the way from the first world down to 3rd world countries.

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Human trafficking, also called trafficking in persons, has no place in our world. As both a grave crime and a human rights abuse, it compromises national and economic security, undermines the rule of law, and harms the well-being of individuals and communities everywhere. It is a crime of exploitation. Traffickers profit at the expense of their victims by compelling them to perform labor or to engage in commercial sex in every region of the United States and around the world. With an estimated 27.6 million victims worldwide at any given time, human traffickers prey on people of all ages, backgrounds, and nationalities, exploiting them for their own profit.

LEARN MORE

Human Trafficking in the United States

In the United States, traffickers compel victims to engage in commercial sex and to work in both legal and illicit industries and sectors, including in hospitality, traveling sales crews, agriculture, janitorial services, construction, landscaping, restaurants, factories, care for persons with disabilities, salon services, massage parlors, retail services, fairs and carnivals, peddling and begging, drug smuggling and distribution, religious institutions, child care, and domestic work.

"Trafficking in persons," "human trafficking," and "modern slavery" are umbrella terms - often used interchangeably - to refer to a crime whereby traffickers exploit and profit at the expense of adults or children by compelling them to perform labor or engage in commercial sex.  When a person younger than 18 is used to perform a commercial sex act, it is a crime regardless of whether there is any force, fraud, or coercion involved.

The United States recognizes two primary forms of trafficking in persons:  forced labor and sex trafficking.  The basic meaning of these forms of human trafficking and some unique characteristics of each are set forth below, followed by several key principles and concepts that relate to all forms of human trafficking.

More than 175 nations have ratified or acceded to the UN Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons (the UN TIP Protocol), which defines trafficking in persons and contains obligations to prevent and combat the crime.

The United States' Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000, as amended (TVPA), and the UN TIP Protocol contain similar definitions of human trafficking.  The elements of both definitions can be described using a three-element framework focused on the trafficker's 1) acts; 2) means; and 3) purpose.  All three elements are essential to form a human trafficking violation.
Forced Labor
Forced Labor, sometimes also referred to as labor trafficking, encompasses the range of activities involved when a person uses force, fraud, or coercion to exploit the labor or services of another person.

The  "acts"  element of forced labor is met when the trafficker recruits, harbors, transports, provides, or obtains a person for labor or services.

The  "means"  element of forced labor includes a trafficker's use of force, fraud, or coercion.  The coercive scheme can include threats of force, debt manipulation, withholding of pay, confiscation of identity documents, psychological coercion, reputational harm, manipulation of the use of addictive substances, threats to other people, or other forms of coercion.

The  "purpose"  element focuses on the perpetrator's goal to exploit a person's labor or services.  There is no limit on the location or type of industry.  Traffickers can commit this crime in any sector or setting, whether legal or illicit, including but not limited to agricultural fields, factories, restaurants, hotels, massage parlors, retail stores, fishing vessels, mines, private homes, or drug trafficking operations.

All three elements are essential to constitute the crime of forced labor.

There are certain types of forced labor that are frequently distinguished for emphasis or because they are widespread:
Domestic Servitude
"Domestic servitude" is a form of forced labor in which the trafficker requires a victim to perform work in a private residence.  Such circumstances create unique vulnerabilities. Domestic workers are often isolated and may work alone in a house.  Their employer often controls their access to food, transportation, and housing.  What happens in a private residence is hidden from the world - including from law enforcement and labor inspectors - resulting in barriers to victim identification.  Foreign domestic workers are particularly vulnerable to abuse due to language and cultural barriers, as well as a lack of community ties.  Some perpetrators use these types of conditions as part of their coercive schemes to compel the labor of domestic workers with little risk of detection.
Forced Child Labor
The term "forced child labor" describes forced labor schemes in which traffickers compel children to work.  Traffickers often target children because they are more vulnerable.  Although some children may legally engage in certain forms of work, forcing or coercing children to work remains illegal.  Forms of slavery or slavery-like practices - including the sale of children, forced or compulsory child labor, and debt bondage and serfdom of children - continue to exist, despite legal prohibitions and widespread condemnation.  Some indicators of forced labor of a child include situations in which the child appears to be in the custody of a non-family member and the child's work financially benefits someone outside the child's family; or the denial of food, rest, or schooling to a child who is working.
Sex Trafficking
Sex trafficking encompasses the range of activities involved when a trafficker uses force, fraud, or coercion to compel another person to engage in a commercial sex act or causes a child to engage in a commercial sex act.

The crime of sex trafficking is also understood through the "acts," "means," and "purpose" framework.  All three elements are required to establish a sex trafficking crime (except in the case of child sex trafficking where the means are irrelevant).

The  "acts"  element of sex trafficking is met when a trafficker recruits, harbors, transports, provides, obtains, patronizes, or solicits another person to engage in commercial sex.

The  "means"  element of sex trafficking occurs when a trafficker uses force, fraud, or coercion.  Coercion in the case of sex trafficking includes the broad array of means included in the forced labor definition.  These can include threats of serious harm, psychological harm, reputational harm, threats to others, and debt manipulation.

The  "purpose"  element is a commercial sex act.  Sex trafficking can take place in private homes, massage parlors, hotels, or brothels, among other locations, as well as on the internet.
Child Sex Trafficking
In cases where an individual engages in any of the specified "acts" with a child (under the age of 18), the means element is irrelevant regardless of whether evidence of force, fraud, or coercion exists.  The use of children in commercial sex is prohibited by law in the United States and most countries around the world.
Key Principles and Concepts
These key principles and concepts relate to all forms of trafficking in persons, including forced labor and sex trafficking.
Consent
Human trafficking can take place even if the victim initially consented to providing labor, services, or commercial sex acts.  The analysis is primarily focused on the trafficker's conduct and not that of the victim.  A trafficker can target a victim after a victim applies for a job or migrates to earn a living.  The trafficker's exploitative scheme is what matters, not a victim's prior consent or ability to meaningfully consent thereafter.  Likewise, in a sex trafficking case, an adult victim's initial willingness to engage in commercial sex acts is not relevant where a perpetrator subsequently uses force, fraud, or coercion to exploit the victim and cause them to continue engaging in the same acts.  In the case of child sex trafficking, the consent of the victim is never relevant as a child cannot legally consent to commercial sex.
Movement
Neither U.S. law nor international law requires that a trafficker or victim move across a border for a human trafficking offense to take place.  Trafficking in persons is a crime of exploitation and coercion, and not movement.  Traffickers can use schemes that take victims hundreds of miles away from their homes or exploit them in the same neighborhoods where they were born.
Debt Bondage
"Debt bondage" is focused on human trafficking crimes in which the trafficker's primary means of coercion is debt manipulation.  U.S. law prohibits perpetrators from using debts as part of their scheme, plan, or pattern to compel a person to work or engage in commercial sex.  Traffickers target some individuals with an initial debt assumed willingly as a condition of future employment, while in certain countries traffickers tell individuals they "inherited" the debt from relatives.  Traffickers can also manipulate debts after the economic relationship begins by withholding earnings or forcing the victim to assume debts for expenses like food, housing, or transportation.  They can also manipulate debts a victim owes to other people.  When traffickers use debts as a means to compel labor or commercial sex, they have committed a crime.
Non-Penalization
Governments should not penalize or prosecute victims of trafficking in persons for the unlawful acts traffickers compelled them to commit.  This principle aims to protect victims from being held legally responsible for conduct that was not their choice, but rather was driven by traffickers.  If a government has penalized or punished a victim in such a way, the government should vacate the conviction and/or expunge the victim's record.
State-Sponsored Human Trafficking
While the TVPA and UN TIP Protocol call on governments to proactively address trafficking crimes, some governments are part of the problem, directly compelling their citizens into sexual slavery or forced labor schemes.  From forced labor in local or national public work projects, military operations, and economically important sectors, or as part of government-funded projects or missions abroad, officials use their power to exploit their nationals.  To extract this work, governments coerce by threatening the withdrawal of public benefits, withholding salaries, failing to adhere to limits on national service, manipulating the lack of legal status of stateless individuals and members of minority groups, threatening to punish family members, or conditioning services or freedom of movement on labor or sex.  In 2019, Congress amended the TVPA to acknowledge that governments can also act as traffickers, referring specifically to a "government policy or pattern" of human trafficking, trafficking in government-funded programs, forced labor in government-affiliated medical services or other sectors, sexual slavery in government camps, or the employment or recruitment of child soldiers.
Unlawful Recruitment or Use of Child Soldiers
Another manifestation of human trafficking occurs when government forces or any non-state armed group unlawfully recruits or uses children - through force, fraud, or coercion - as soldiers or for labor or services in conflict situations.  Children are also used as sex slaves.  Sexual slavery, as referred to here, occurs when armed groups force or coerce children to "marry" or be raped by commanders or combatants.  Both male and female children are often sexually abused or exploited by members of armed groups and suffer the same types of devastating physical and psychological consequences associated with sex trafficking.
Accountability in Supply Chains
Forced labor is well documented in the private economy, particularly in agriculture, fishing, manufacturing, construction, and domestic work; but no sector is immune.  Sex trafficking occurs in several industries as well.  Most well-known is the hospitality industry, but the crime also occurs in connection with extractive industries where activities are often remote and lack meaningful government presence.  Governments should hold all entities, including businesses, accountable for human trafficking.  In some countries, the law provides for corporate accountability in both the civil and criminal justice systems.  U.S. law provides such liability for any legal person, including a business that benefits financially from its involvement in a human trafficking scheme, provided that the business knew or should have known of the scheme.

Prosecution, Protection, Prevention, and Partnership

The "3P" paradigm-prosecution, protection, and prevention-continues to serve as the fundamental framework used around the world to combat human trafficking. The United States also follows this approach, reflected in the United States' Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 , as amended (TVPA), and in the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (Palermo Protocol) . In addition, a fourth "P"-for partnership-serves as a complementary means to achieve progress across the 3Ps and enlist all segments of society in the fight against human trafficking.

Victims of Human Trafficking

Human trafficking victims can be of any age, race, ethnicity, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, nationality, immigration status, cultural background, religion, socio-economic class, and education attainment level. In the United States, individuals vulnerable to human trafficking include children in the child welfare and juvenile justice systems, including foster care; runaway and homeless youth; unaccompanied foreign national children without lawful immigration status; individuals seeking asylum; American Indians and Alaska Natives, particularly women and girls; individuals with substance use issues; racial or ethnic minorities; migrant laborers, including undocumented workers and participants in visa programs for temporary workers; foreign national domestic workers in diplomatic households; persons with limited English proficiency; persons with disabilities; LGBTQI+ individuals; and victims of intimate partner violence or other forms of domestic violence.

Who are the Traffickers?

At the heart of this phenomenon is the traffickers' aim to profit from the exploitation of their victims and the myriad coercive and deceptive practices they use to do so. Traffickers can be strangers, acquaintances, or even family members, and they prey on the vulnerable and on those seeking opportunities to build for themselves a brighter future.

Human Trafficking vs. Migrant Smuggling

Human trafficking can include, but does not require, movement. Human trafficking is distinct from the separate crime of migrant smuggling. Human trafficking occurs when a trafficker uses force, fraud, or coercion to compel another person to work or engage in a commercial sex act. It sometimes involves crossing a border but does not require it. By contrast, migrant smugglers engage in the crime of bringing people across international borders through deliberate evasion of immigration laws. While these are distinct crimes, individuals who are smuggled may become vulnerable to and victims of human trafficking.

How Many Victims of Human Trafficking Are There?

It is hard to find reliable statistics related to human trafficking. The quality and quantity of data available are often hampered by the hidden nature of the crime, challenges in identifying individual victims, gaps in data accuracy and completeness, and significant barriers regarding the sharing of victim information among various stakeholders. For these reasons, data and statistics may not reflect the full nature or scope of the problem.
International Labour Organization
The International Labour Organization (ILO) and the Walk Free Foundation, in partnership with the International Organization for Migration (IOM), released Global Estimates of Modern Slavery in September 2022. This report estimates that, at any given time in 2021, approximately 27.6 million people were in forced labor. Of these, "17.3 million are exploited in the private sector, 6.3 million in forced commercial sexual exploitation, and 3.9 million in forced labour imposed by state." The definition of forced labor used in this report is based on ILO Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29), which states in Article 2.1 that forced labor is "all work or service which is exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily."

This report also estimates that 49.6 million people were in "modern slavery" at any given time in 2021, but this figure includes both the estimate for forced labor and an estimate for forced marriage. Consistent with current implementation of U.S. law, it is recommended to use only the 27.6 million estimate when referring to human trafficking. While some instances of forced marriage may meet the international or U.S. legal definition of human trafficking, not all cases do. Note further that the term "modern slavery" is not defined in international or U.S. law.

In addition, the National Human Trafficking Hotline provides on its website data sets on the issue of human trafficking in the United States. These data sets are based on aggregated information learned through phone calls, emails, online tips, and texts the hotline receives and should not be confused with prevalence studies or closed-out confirmed cases. Note that the hotline receives several types of calls in addition to those about human trafficking cases. The hotline does not verify the accuracy of information reported, but it determines on a case-by-case basis whether the information should be passed on to an appropriate local, state, or federal investigative and/or service agency equipped to investigate the tip and/or respond to the needs of the potential victim.

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About Human Trafficking - United States Department of State

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Human trafficking, also called trafficking in persons, has no place in our world. As both a grave crime and a human rights abuse, it compromises national and economic security, undermines the rule of law, and harms the well-being of individuals and communities everywhere. It is a crime of exploitation.

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Rhetorical Situation:
Writer:

Larysa Kondracki

Eilis Kirwan

Subject: Human trafficking
Audience: Anyone who understands the real-world struggles of modern slavery and forced assault.
Context: This is a movie about A real life woman named Kathryn Bolkovac. She was subjected to human trafficking and is only one of the hidden stories of modern human slavery.
The Whistleblower (2010) - Plot Summary - IMDb
The Whistleblower - Wikipedia
https://www.amazon.com/Whistleblower-RachelWeisz/dp/B01LWMNLD7

This movie is a good movie however it isn't as well know as it should be. The visceral details of survival as a forced sexual worker makes the audience realize the world has terrible people in it and many of them reach high points of power or have a position of authority. However also in this film the main protagonist has the heart to risk her well-paying job just to attempt to save woman and girls she witnesses being funneled through sex trafficking rings. Later Kathryn realizes not only is there a sex trafficking ring in her workplace in Bosnia, but the people working for the United Nations were doing of the most haness crimes humanity has ever realized. Not only silencing or looking the other way this time but genuinely going out of their way as the UN to participate in human sex trafficking. She risked her successful life and comfortable job to do something she found morally correct.

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Summaries

A drama based on the experiences of Kathryn Bolkovac, a Nebraska cop who served as a peacekeeper in post-war Bosnia and outed the U.N. for covering up a sex trafficking scandal.

Inspired by true events, Kathy (Rachel Weisz) is an American police officer who takes a job working as a peacekeeper in post-war Bosnia. Her expectations of helping to rebuild a devastated country are dashed when she uncovers a dangerous reality of corruption, cover-up and intrigue amid a world of private contractors and multinational diplomatic doubletalk.

In 1999, in Nebraska, the police officer Kathryn Bolkovac sees the chance to raise money to be close to her teenage daughter, who lives with her father in another state, with the temporary assignment serving as U.N. peacemaker in Bosnia. The idealistic Kathryn believes that she can make the difference in a country devastated by the war, and she works hard and is promoted to director of her department. But soon she discloses a corruption and human trafficking ring with the direct participation of contractors and diplomats that have diplomatic immunity and she does not know who is reliable.

Kathryn Bolkovac (Weisz), a Nebraskan police officer, accepts a well-paying UN peacekeeping job in United Nations-regulated Bosnia. Working for a private contractor, the International Police Task Force is responsible for training local law enforcement bodies to restore order to the wartorn country. As she begins to get the lay of the land in her new environment, Kathryn starts to see signs of a shocking underground human sex trafficking industry, whose patrons are not only from within the corporation but from within the United Nations itself.

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Edit Summaries A drama based on the experiences of Kathryn Bolkovac, a Nebraska cop who served as a peacekeeper in post-war Bosnia and outed the U.N. for covering up a sex trafficking scandal. Inspired by true events, Kathy (Rachel Weisz) is an American police officer who takes a job working as a peacekeeper in post-war Bosnia.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yvuaV1vdi70
Subject: Human trafficking
Audience: For people who like musicals with imagery depicting a real world problem.
Context: This music video takes place in eastern Europe and starts off with a young woman running freely in the grass. It then shows her and her presumably father fishing and taking care of cattle on a farm. before she is subjected to the abuses of sexual trafficking.
The vides shows her in  depicts a young woman being kidnapped by an abusive man who takes to a dark room. Intermixing these scenes show the unnamed woman dancing and frolicking freely outside. This shows the feeling of being trapped in a cage as a person with a free spirit. In the next scene it shows a the legs of an unseen person walking out of the room. The audience knows though context she was abused due to the look of emptiness on her face. The video also shows bruises on her arm showing her abuse. We see this when she is banging on the wall in tears. This video is well done when depicting the constant emotional trauma victims of sexual trafficking daily lives. The next scenes are cut with her dancing freely outside fully clothed in what she wants to wear, to her standing mindlessly in a small dress in a fully bricked building. The camera cuts to her abusers, one of them stand up and shout directly in her face. However the next scene is her abusers being arrested and she runs home. The video shows her dancing freely and embracing what the audience interprets as her dad. This story has a happy ending yet sadly a lot of people are never seen again and their loved ones are only left to wonder without closure.