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Homework
http://www.astro.sunysb.edu/fwalter/AST389/ASoundofThunder.pdf
You've got mail
She’s All That
Save the Last Dance
The Proposal
How to Lose a Guy in Ten Days
Breakfast Club
Pretty in Pink
I Know What You Did Last Summer
Never Been Kissed
Charlie's Angels

Words
haggle - ვაჭრობა
snap up - ვიღაც გაამხიარულო
splash out - ფული ხარჯო ხელფაშლილად

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Homework
http://www.astro.sunysb.edu/fwalter/AST389/ASoundofThunder.pdf - მეშვიდე გვერდი
Round-up - გვ. 187, 188, 189, 202, 203, 204
Solutions - გვ. 96-ის სიტყვები და ტექსტი, გვ.97-ის 4
Solutions workbook - გვ. 94-ის 2, გვ.95-ის 6, 10, 11, გვ. 96-ის 1, 4
07.04 დან 19.05-ის ჩათვლით სიტყვები ისწავლე

Words
warily - სუსტად
armor - ჯავშანი
lunge - შეტევა

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Homework
Wednesday
http://www.astro.sunysb.edu/fwalter/AST389/ASoundofThunder.pdf - მეექვსე გვერდი
Round-up - გვ. 174 დან 186 ის ჩათვლით
07.04 დან 19.05-ის ჩათვლით სიტყვები ისწავლე
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2UjlbkED_Zk&ab_channel=HDRetroTrailers

Friday
Solutions - გვ. 96-ის სიტყვები და ტექსტი, გვ.97-ის 4
Solutions workbook - გვ. 94-ის 2, გვ.95-ის 6, 10, 11, გვ. 96-ის 1, 4

Words
ivory - სპილოსძვალი
mesh - მარყუჟი
fabula - ფაბულა, მოგონილი ისტორია

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A Sound of Thunder (2005) Original Trailer [FHD]

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Homework

For Wednesday
http://www.astro.sunysb.edu/fwalter/AST389/ASoundofThunder.pdf - მეხუთე გვერდი
Round-up - გვ. 174 დან 186 ის ჩათვლით
07.04 დან 19.05-ის ჩათვლით სიტყვები ისწავლე

For Friday
Solutions - გვ.92-93 ის ტექსტი გასარჩევად, გვ.93-ის 4, 5, გვ.95-ის 4 (გადახედე) 5, 6
Solutions workbook - გვ. 86-ის 1, გვ.87-ის 1, 2, 3, გვ. 88-ის 2, 3, გვ.89-ის 1, გვ.92-ის 1, 4, გვ.93-ის 9
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aT9eWGjLv6s&ab_channel=DanceOn
07.04 დან 19.05-ის ჩათვლით სიტყვები ისწავლე

Words
paradox - პარადოქსი, არაბუნებრივი მოვლენა
bisect - ორად გაჭრა

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Homework

For Wednesday

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UjDRcVJB-78&ab_channel=YoungPilgrimMusic
Round-up - გვ. 170-177
essay
http://www.astro.sunysb.edu/fwalter/AST389/ASoundofThunder.pdf - მეოთხე გვერდი
07.04 დან 19.05-ის ჩათვლით სიტყვები ისწავლე

For Friday

Solutions - გვ.92-93 ის ტექსტი გასარჩევად, გვ.93-ის 4, 5, გვ.95-ის 4 (გადახედე) 5, 6
Solutions workbook - გვ. 86-ის 1, გვ.87-ის 1, 2, 3, გვ. 88-ის 2, 3, გვ.89-ის 1, გვ.92-ის 1, 4, გვ.93-ის 9
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aT9eWGjLv6s&ab_channel=DanceOn

Words
infinitesimally - სულ მცირე ნაწილი

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Homework
http://www.astro.sunysb.edu/fwalter/AST389/ASoundofThunder.pdf - მეორე გვერდი
Round-up - გვ. 155-158, 199-201

Words

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Homework

For Wednesday

27.03, 05.04, 07.04 სიტყვები - დასაწერად google doc-ის საშუალებით

http://www.astro.sunysb.edu/fwalter/AST389/ASoundofThunder.pdf - პირველი გვერდი
Round-up - გვ. 155-158, 199-201

An English language magazine has invited its readers to write an article about what their lives would be like without computers.

Write your article.

For Friday
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=POwa7b8uYPs
Solutions - გვ.88-ის 3, 5, გვ.90-ის 5, გვ.91-ის ტექსტი წასაკითხად და სავარჯიშო 4
Solutions workbook - გვ.82-ის 1, 4, 5, გვ.83-ის 8, გვ.85-ის 4, 5

Words
quaver - კანკალი
phlegm - ლორწო
aurora - ნათება
parchment - პერგამენტი
hold a rally - მიტინგის გამართვა
censorship - ცენზურა
collocation - განლაგება
advert - რეკლამა
for instance - მაგალითად

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Homework

For Friday
https://short-edition.com/en/classic/story/o-henry/the-last-leaf - ბოლომდე
Solutions - გვ. 80-ის 3, გვ. 83-ის 6 (დაწერე ისტორია), გვ. 84-ის 2, გვ.85-ის 5, 6
solutions workbook - გვ.79-ის 3, 81-ის 3,
27.03, 05.04, 07.04 სიტყვები

For Wednesday
Round-up - გვ. 155-158, 199-201

An English language magazine has invited its readers to write an article about what their lives would be like without computers.

Write your article.

Words
janitor - დამლაგებელი

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In a little district west of Washington Square the streets have run crazy and broken themselves into small strips called "places." These "places" make strange angles and curves. One Street crosses itself a time or two. An artist once discovered a valuable possibility in this street. Suppose a collector with a bill for paints, paper and canvas should, in traversing this route, suddenly meet himself coming back, without a cent having been paid on account!

So, to quaint old Greenwich Village the art people soon came prowling, hunting for north windows and eighteenth-century gables and Dutch attics and low rents. Then they imported some pewter mugs and a chafing dish or two from Sixth Avenue, and became a "colony."

At the top of a squatty, three-story brick Sue and Johnsy had their studio. "Johnsy" was familiar for Joanna. One was from Maine; the other from California. They had met at the table d'hôte of an Eighth Street "Delmonico's," and found their tastes in art, chicory salad and bishop sleeves so congenial that the joint studio resulted.

That was in May. In November a cold, unseen stranger, whom the doctors called Pneumonia, stalked about the colony, touching one here and there with his icy fingers. Over on the east side this ravager strode boldly, smiting his victims by scores, but his feet trod slowly through the maze of the narrow and moss-grown "places."

Mr. Pneumonia was not what you would call a chivalric old gentleman. A mite of a little woman with blood thinned by California zephyrs was hardly fair game for the red-fisted, short-breathed old duffer. But Johnsy he smote; and she lay, scarcely moving, on her painted iron bedstead, looking through the small Dutch window-panes at the blank side of the next brick house.

One morning the busy doctor invited Sue into the hallway with a shaggy, gray eyebrow.

"She has one chance in-let us say, ten," he said, as he shook down the mercury in his clinical thermometer. "And that chance is for her to want to live. This way people have of lining-up on the side of the undertaker makes the entire pharmacopoeia look silly. Your little lady has made up her mind that she's not going to get well. Has she anything on her mind?"

"She-she wanted to paint the Bay of Naples some day." said Sue.

"Paint?-bosh! Has she anything on her mind worth thinking twice-a man for instance?"

"A man?" said Sue, with a jew's-harp twang in her voice. "Is a man worth-but, no, doctor; there is nothing of the kind."

"Well, it is the weakness, then," said the doctor. "I will do all that science, so far as it may filter through my efforts, can accomplish. But whenever my patient begins to count the carriages in her funeral procession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines. If you will get her to ask one question about the new winter styles in cloak sleeves I will promise you a one-in-five chance for her, instead of one-in-ten."

After the doctor had gone Sue went into the workroom and cried a Japanese napkin to a pulp. Then she swaggered into Johnsy's room with her drawing board, whistling ragtime.

Johnsy lay, scarcely making a ripple under the bedclothes, with her face toward the window. Sue stopped whistling, thinking she was asleep.

She arranged her board and began a pen-and-ink drawing to illustrate a magazine story. Young artists must pave their way to Art by drawing pictures for magazine stories that young authors write to pave their way to Literature.

As Sue was sketching a pair of elegant horseshow riding trousers and a monocle of the figure of the hero, an Idaho cowboy, she heard a low sound, several times repeated. She went quickly to the bedside.

Johnsy's eyes were open wide. She was looking out the window and counting-counting backward.

"Twelve," she said, and little later "eleven"; and then "ten," and "nine"; and then "eight" and "seven", almost together.

Sue look solicitously out of the window. What was there to count? There was only a bare, dreary yard to be seen, and the blank side of the brick house twenty feet away. An old, old ivy vine, gnarled and decayed at the roots, climbed half way up the brick wall. The cold breath of autumn had stricken its leaves from the vine until its skeleton branches clung, almost bare, to the crumbling bricks.

"What is it, dear?" asked Sue.

"Six," said Johnsy, in almost a whisper. "They're falling faster now. Three days ago there were almost a hundred. It made my head ache to count them. But now it's easy. There goes another one. There are only five left now."

"Five what, dear? Tell your Sudie."

"Leaves. On the ivy vine. When the last one falls I must go, too. I've known that for three days. Didn't the doctor tell you?"

"Oh, I never heard of such nonsense," complained Sue, with magnificent scorn. "What have old ivy leaves to do with your getting well? And you used to love that vine so, you naughty girl. Don't be a goosey. Why, the doctor told me this morning that your chances for getting well real soon were-let's see exactly what he said-he said the chances were ten to one! Why, that's almost as good a chance as we have in New York when we ride on the street cars or walk past a new building. Try to take some broth now, and let Sudie go back to her drawing, so she can sell the editor man with it, and buy port wine for her sick child, and pork chops for her greedy self."

"You needn't get any more wine," said Johnsy, keeping her eyes fixed out the window. "There goes another. No, I don't want any broth. That leaves just four. I want to see the last one fall before it gets dark. Then I'll go, too."

"Johnsy, dear," said Sue, bending over her, "will you promise me to keep your eyes closed, and not look out the window until I am done working? I must hand those drawings in by to-morrow. I need the light, or I would draw the shade down."

"Couldn't you draw in the other room?" asked Johnsy, coldly.

"I'd rather be here by you," said Sue. "Beside, I don't want you to keep looking at those silly ivy leaves."

"Tell me as soon as you have finished," said Johnsy, closing her eyes, and lying white and still as fallen statue, "because I want to see the last one fall. I'm tired of waiting. I'm tired of thinking. I want to turn loose my hold on everything, and go sailing down, down, just like one of those poor, tired leaves."

"Try to sleep," said Sue. "I must call Behrman up to be my model for the old hermit miner. I'll not be gone a minute. Don't try to move 'til I come back."

Old Behrman was a painter who lived on the ground floor beneath them. He was past sixty and had a Michael Angelo's Moses beard curling down from the head of a satyr along with the body of an imp. Behrman was a failure in art. Forty years he had wielded the brush without getting near enough to touch the hem of his Mistress's robe. He had been always about to paint a masterpiece, but had never yet begun it. For several years he had painted nothing except now and then a daub in the line of commerce or advertising. He earned a little by serving as a model to those young artists in the colony who could not pay the price of a professional. He drank gin to excess, and still talked of his coming masterpiece. For the rest he was a fierce little old man, who scoffed terribly at softness in any one, and who regarded himself as especial mastiff-in-waiting to protect the two young artists in the studio above.

Sue found Behrman smelling strongly of juniper berries in his dimly lighted den below. In one corner was a blank canvas on an easel that had been waiting there for twenty-five years to receive the first line of the masterpiece. She told him of Johnsy's fancy, and how she feared she would, indeed, light and fragile as a leaf herself, float away, when her slight hold upon the world grew weaker.

Old Behrman, with his red eyes plainly streaming, shouted his contempt and derision for such idiotic imaginings.

"Vass!" he cried. "Is dere people in de world mit der foolishness to die because leafs dey drop off from a confounded vine? I haf not heard of such a thing. No, I will not bose as a model for your fool hermit-dunderhead. Vy do you allow dot silly pusiness to come in der brain of her? Ach, dot poor leetle Miss Yohnsy."

"She is very ill and weak," said Sue, "and the fever has left her mind morbid and full of strange fancies. Very well, Mr. Behrman, if you do not care to pose for me, you needn't. But I think you are a horrid old-old flibbertigibbet."

"You are just like a woman!" yelled Behrman. "Who said I will not bose? Go on. I come mit you. For half an hour I haf peen trying to say dot I am ready to bose. Gott! dis is not any blace in which one so goot as Miss Yohnsy shall lie sick. Some day I vill baint a masterpiece, and ve shall all go away. Gott! yes."

Johnsy was sleeping when they went upstairs. Sue pulled the shade down to the window-sill, and motioned Behrman into the other room. In there they peered out the window fearfully at the ivy vine. Then they looked at each other for a moment without speaking. A persistent, cold rain was falling, mingled with snow. Behrman, in his old blue shirt, took his seat as the hermit miner on an upturned kettle for a rock.

When Sue awoke from an hour's sleep the next morning she found Johnsy with dull, wide-open eyes staring at the drawn green shade.

"Pull it up; I want to see," she ordered, in a whisper.

But, lo! after the beating rain and fierce gusts of wind that had endured through the livelong night, there yet stood out against the brick wall one ivy leaf. It was the last one on the vine. Still dark green near its stem, with its serrated edges tinted with the yellow of dissolution and decay, it hung bravely from the branch some twenty feet above the ground.

"It is the last one," said Johnsy. "I thought it would surely fall during the night. I heard the wind. It will fall to-day, and I shall die at the same time."

"Dear, dear!" said Sue, leaning her worn face down to the pillow, "think of me, if you won't think of yourself. What would I do?"

But Johnsy did not answer. The lonesomest thing in all the world is a soul when it is making ready to go on its mysterious, far journey. The fancy seemed to possess her more strongly as one by one the ties that bound her to friendship and to earth were loosed.

The day wore away, and even through the twilight they could see the lone ivy leaf clinging to its stem against the wall. And then, with the coming of the night the north wind was again loosed, while the rain still beat against the windows and pattered down from the low Dutch eaves.

When it was light enough Johnsy, the merciless, commanded that the shade be raised.

The ivy leaf was still there.

Johnsy lay for a long time looking at it. And then she called to Sue, who was stirring her chicken broth over the gas stove.

"I've been a bad girl, Sudie," said Johnsy. "Something has made that last leaf stay there to show me how wicked I was. It is a sin to want to die. You may bring a me a little broth now, and some milk with a little port in it, and-no; bring me a hand-mirror first, and then pack some pillows about me, and I will sit up and watch you cook."

"Sudie, some day I hope to paint the Bay of Naples."

The doctor came in the afternoon, and Sue had an excuse to go into the hallway as he left.

"Even chances," said the doctor, taking Sue's thin, shaking hand in his. "With good nursing you'll win." And now I must see another case I have downstairs. Behrman, his name is-some kind of an artist, I believe. Pneumonia, too. He is an old, weak man, and the attack is acute. There is no hope for him; but he goes to the hospital to-day to be made more comfortable."

The next day the doctor said to Sue: "She's out of danger. You won. Nutrition and care now-that's all."

And that afternoon Sue came to the bed where Johnsy lay, contentedly knitting a very blue and very useless woollen shoulder scarf, and put one arm around her, pillows and all.

"I have something to tell you, white mouse," she said. "Mr. Behrman died of pneumonia to-day in the hospital. He was ill only two days. The janitor found him the morning of the first day in his room downstairs helpless with pain. His shoes and clothing were wet through and icy cold. They couldn't imagine where he had been on such a dreadful night. And then they found a lantern, still lighted, and a ladder that had been dragged from its place, and some scattered brushes, and a palette with green and yellow colors mixed on it, and-look out the window, dear, at the last ivy leaf on the wall. Didn't you wonder why it never fluttered or moved when the wind blew? Ah, darling, it's Behrman's masterpiece-he painted it there the night that the last leaf fell."

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In a little district west of Washington Square the streets have run crazy and broken themselves into small strips called "places." These "places" make strange angles and curves. One Street crosses itself a time or two. An artist once discovered a valuable possibility in this street.

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Homework
For Wednesday

https://short-edition.com/en/classic/story/o-henry/the-last-leaf - Wearily Sue obeyed

Round-up - გვ. 151-154

https://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-119087.php

https://www.bespeaking.com/conditionals-in-english/

https://www.liveworksheets.com/worksheets/en/English_as_a_Second_Language_(ESL)/Conditional_Sentences/0_1_2_3_conditional_exercise_fp960002op

For Friday
Solutions - გვ. 80-ის 3, გვ. 83-ის 6 (დაწერე ისტორია), გვ. 84-ის 2, გვ.85-ის 5, 6
solutions workbook - გვ.79-ის 3, 81-ის 3,
27.03, 05.04, 07.04 სიტყვები

Words
numerous - მრავალი
distort - დამახინჯება
hoax - ტყუილი, ხრიკი

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გაკვეთილი N4

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გაკვეთილი N4

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Homework
For Wednesday

https://short-edition.com/en/classic/story/o-henry/the-last-leaf - Wearily Sue obeyed

Round-up - გვ. 151-154

https://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-119087.php

https://www.bespeaking.com/conditionals-in-english/

https://www.liveworksheets.com/worksheets/en/English_as_a_Second_Language_(ESL)/Conditional_Sentences/0_1_2_3_conditional_exercise_fp960002op

For Friday
https://short-edition.com/en/classic/story/o-henry/the-last-leaf - Wearily Sue obeyed
Solutions - გვ. 75-ის 7, 76-ის 4, გვ. 78-ის 3, გვ. 79-ის ტექსტი, 6, 7.
Solutions - გვ. 74-ის 1, 2. გვ.75-ის 1, გვ.77-ის 1, 4, გვ. 78-ის 1, 2
სიტყვები 15.03, 17.03, 25.03

Words
contempt - არაპატივისცემა
derision - გამასხარავება
hermit - გარიყული
morbid - ავადმყოფური
flibbertigibbet - ყბედი

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Learn English > English lessons and exercises > English test #119087: Causative Form

A Causative Form is used to show that someone assigns something to someone else.

To form the Causative, we use the verb have in the correct tense. The object goes second, the past participle of the main verb goes third.

Mandy has her house cleaned every month (by......)
Complete the sentences using causative forms.

End of the free exercise to learn English: Causative Form
A free English exercise to learn English.
Other English exercises on the same topic : To have someone do something | All our lessons and exercises

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A Causative Form is used to show that someone assigns something to someone else. To form the Causative, we use the verb have in the correct tense. The object goes second, the past participle of the main verb goes third.Mandy has her house cleaned every month (by......)Complete the sentences using...

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Homework
For Friday

http://www.astro.sunysb.edu/fwalter/AST389/ASoundofThunder.pdf - მესამე გვერდი
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=POwa7b8uYPs
Solutions - გვ.88-ის 3, 5, გვ.90-ის 5, გვ.91-ის ტექსტი წასაკითხად და სავარჯიშო 4
Solutions workbook - გვ.82-ის 1, 4, 5, გვ.83-ის 8, გვ.85-ის 4, 5
07.04 დან 19.05-ის ჩათვლით სიტყვები ისწავლე

For Wednesday
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UjDRcVJB-78&ab_channel=YoungPilgrimMusic
Round-up - გვ. 170-177
essay

Words
envy - შური
finicky - დეტალებზე დაკვირვება რომ ჭირდება

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Homework
For Friday
Solutions - გვ. 75-ის 7, 76-ის 4, გვ. 78-ის 3, გვ. 79-ის ტექსტი, 6, 7.
Solutions - გვ. 74-ის 1, 2. გვ.75-ის 1, გვ.77-ის 1, 4, გვ. 78-ის 1, 2
სიტყვები 15.03, 17.03, 25.03

For Wednesday
Round-up - გვ. 145-150
https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/causatives-exercise-1.html

https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/causatives-exercise-2.html

https://www.esl-lounge.com/student/grammar/4g1-causative.php

Which is more important: to earn a high salary or to enjoy doing your job?

სიტყვები 15.03, 17.03, 25.03

Words

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An exercise about causatives: have something done and get something done.

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Homework
For Friday
https://short-edition.com/en/classic/story/o-henry/the-last-leaf - She told him of Johnsy's fancy, and how she feared she would, indeed, light and fragile as a leaf herself, float away, when her slight hold upon the world grew weaker.

Solutions - გვ. 75-ის 7, 76-ის 4, გვ. 78-ის 3, გვ. 79-ის ტექსტი, 6, 7.
Solutions - გვ. 74-ის 1, 2. გვ.75-ის 1, გვ.77-ის 1, 4, გვ. 78-ის 1, 2
სიტყვები 15.03, 17.03, 25.03

For Wednesday
Round-up - გვ. 142, 143, 144
https://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=4001

https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/causatives-exercise-1.html

https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/causatives-exercise-2.html

https://www.esl-lounge.com/student/grammar/4g1-causative.php

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is better to be a member of a group than to be the leader of a group. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer - დასაწერად

Words

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Homework
For Friday
https://short-edition.com/en/classic/story/o-henry/the-last-leaf - She told him of Johnsy's fancy, and how she feared she would, indeed, light and fragile as a leaf herself, float away, when her slight hold upon the world grew weaker.
Article to write
Solutions - გვ. 75-ის 7, 76-ის 4, გვ. 78-ის 3, გვ. 79-ის ტექსტი, 6, 7.
Solutions - გვ. 74-ის 1, 2. გვ.75-ის 1, გვ.77-ის 1, 4, გვ. 78-ის 1, 2
სიტყვები 15.03, 17.03, 25.03

For Wednesday
https://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=4001
https://lingbase.com/en/english/grammar/wish
Round-up - გვ. 136-140
ესე დასაწერად

Words
mine - მაღარო
hermit - მწირი
beneath - ქვეშ
wield - პყრობა
hem - ქსოვილი
imp - ცელქი
daub - ნათხაპნი
den - ბუნაგი
easel - მოლბერტი

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Homework
For Wednesday
https://short-edition.com/en/classic/story/o-henry/the-last-leaf - she can sell the editor man with it, and buy port wine for her sick child, and pork chops for her greedy self

https://englishclubmskh.files.wordpress.com/2018/09/toefl-essays.pdf - გვ.132-ის 127-ე ესე
Round-up - გვ.130-134
https://lingbase.com/en/english/grammar/wish
https://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=4001
სიტყვები 15.03, 17.03, 25.03

For Friday
Article to write
Solutions - გვ. 75-ის 7, 76-ის 4, გვ. 78-ის 3, გვ. 79-ის ტექსტი, 6, 7.
Solutions - გვ. 74-ის 1, 2. გვ.75-ის 1, გვ.77-ის 1, 4, გვ. 78-ის 1, 2
სიტყვები 15.03, 17.03, 25.03, 27.03, 05.04

Words
deceive - შეცდომაში შეყვანა
distort - ფაქტს რომ არასწორად ამბობ
exaggerate - გადაჭარბება
fib - ამბავის მოგონება
mislead - სხვა კვალზე წაიყვანო
own up to sth - აღიარო რომ არასწორი იყავი
be straight with sb - ვიღაცასთან გულახდილი იყო
devious - ცბიერი
biased - არაობიექტური
hypocritical - ფარისეველი, თვალთმაქცი, ორპირი

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Homework
For Friday
https://short-edition.com/en/classic/story/o-henry/the-last-leaf - she can sell the editor man with it, and buy port wine for her sick child, and pork chops for her greedy self
Solutions - გვ. 73-ის 2
Solutions - გვ. 69-ის 4, გვ. 70-ის 2, 3, გვ. 71-ის 7, 9
სიტყვები 15.03, 17.03, 25.03

For Wednesday
https://englishclubmskh.files.wordpress.com/2018/09/toefl-essays.pdf - გვ.132-ის 127-ე ესე
Round-up - გვ.130-134
https://lingbase.com/en/english/grammar/wish
https://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=4001

Words
solicitously  - ყურადღებით
dreary - მოსაწყენი
gnarled - უხეში
decay - ლპობა
scorn - ზიზღი
goosey - უხეში

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Homework
For Friday
https://short-edition.com/en/classic/story/o-henry/the-last-leaf - She was looking out the window and counting–counting backward
Solutions - გვ. 73-ის 2
Solutions - გვ. 69-ის 4, გვ. 70-ის 2, 3, გვ. 71-ის 7, 9
სიტყვები 15.03, 17.03, 25.03

For Wednesday
Round-up - გვ.125-დან 129 ის ჩათვლით
https://lingbase.com/en/english/grammar/wish
https://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=4001

Words

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The verb wish has a direct meaning (like in "we wish you a Merry Christmas") and it is also used in the conditional sentences.

We say "I wish" + a condition when we regret something. We can speak about either the present / the future, or the past.

Examples

I wish I had a million dollars. I don't have a million dollars, but it would be great if I did.

I wish I had a job. I don't have a job now, but it would be nice to have one.

I wish I could fly. I can't fly, but it would be awesome if I could.

I wish I hadn't gone to that club. I regret that I went there.

I wish I had followed your advice. I regret that I didn't follow it.

After the words "I wish" we put the part of the complex sentence that goes after "if" in the conditionals.

So, if we speak about the present or the future (= the second conditional), then the sentence has the following structure:
I wish ... + past simple

If we speak about the past events (= the third conditional), then we form our sentence like this:
I wish ... + past perfect

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
I wish and the conditionals: explanation, examples | Lingbase

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The verb wish has a direct meaning (like in "we wish you a Merry Christmas") and it is also used in the conditional sentences. We say "I wish" + a condition when we regret something. We can speak about either the present / the future, or the past.

# data[].attributes.body
Homework
For Monday
Hearts a la carte - “I prodded at him with the spatula. He shifted and groaned again, rolling over with a grimace.”

Round-up - გვ. 123, 124. 193-198
https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/passive-exercise-5.html

https://englishclubmskh.files.wordpress.com/2018/09/toefl-essays.pdf - გვ. 120-ის 113

For Friday
Solutions - გვ. 73-ის 2
Solutions - გვ. 69-ის 4, გვ. 70-ის 2, 3, გვ. 71-ის 7, 9
სიტყვები 15.03, 17.03, 25.03

Words
thought-provoking - დამაფიქრებელი
broad-based - ზოგადი
far-fetched - შორეული
bleary-eyed - მოჭუტული თვალებით
densely populated - მჭიდროდ დასახლებული
light-hearted - უდარდელი
will power - ნების ძალა
congest - სისხლდება
fatigue - დაღლა
fracture - მოტეხილობა
nauseous - გულისრევის შეგრძნება
sprain - დაჭიმულობა
stiff - დაჭიმული
wound - ჭრილობა
antihistamine - ალერგიის საწინააღმდეგო
anti-inflammatory -  გამოყენებული ანთების შესამცირებლად
refined - რადიფინირებული, დამუშავებული
decay - ლპობა

# data[].attributes.body
Homework
For Wednesday
Hearts a la carte - “I prodded at him with the spatula. He shifted and groaned again, rolling over with a grimace.”

https://englishclubmskh.files.wordpress.com/2018/09/toefl-essays.pdf - გვ. 111 N104

For Friday
Solutions - გვ.69 ტექსტი, 3, 4, 5. გვ. 70-ის ტექსტი, 3, გვ, 71-ის ტექსტი, 4, 5
Solutions - გვ. 65-ის 1, 2, გვ. 66-ის 2, 3, გვ. 67-ის 1
სიტყვები 27.01-დან

merely - თითქმის
dislodge - მოცილება
topple - ჩავარდნა
prod at - მიშტერება

# data[].attributes.body
Homework
For Friday
Hungry Hearts - ბოლომდე
https://engxam.com/handbook/how-to-write-a-formal-letter-email-b2-first-fce/#b2-first-fce-formal-letter-email-example-topics
სიტყვები 15.02 დან

For Wednesday
Round-up - გვ. 123, 124. 193-198
https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/passive-exercise-5.html

Words
Shriek - კივილი
retrieve - გამოთხოვნა
sealed - ჩაკეტილი, დარაზული
glam - ბზინვარება
gurgle - რაკრაკი
hiccup - სლოკინი
promptly - უცებ
rustling - ფაჩუნი

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Article navigation:

B2 First (FCE) Formal Letter/Email: Structure

B2 First (FCE) Formal Letter/Email: Model Answers

B2 First (FCE) Formal Letter/Email: Example topics

B2 First (FCE) Formal Letter & Email: Tips

B2 First (FCE) Formal Letter/Email: Useful phrases

B2 First (FCE) Formal Letter/Email: Questions & Answers

FCE, CAE, CPE

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FCE CAE CPE

Writing paper will require a response which is consistently appropriate for the specified target reader, and for example, you can expect to be asked to write different kinds of letters/emails. Moreover, their register and style can be formal or informal.

to apply for part-time or holiday work (application letter)

to apply for study or scholarship opportunity (application letter)

to complain about something (complaint letter)

to make suggestions about something

to request information (enquiry letter)

Formal letters are written to an individual or to an organisation. The purpose may be, for example,

The FCE test does not require you to include dates or addresses in any of your letters, whether formal or informal.

B2 First (FCE) Formal Letter/Email: Structure

2. The first paragraph (opening)
Say why you are writing. Clearly state the subject or context.

3. The next paragraphs (main content)
Give the details about why you are writing. Organise all the essential information in a clear and logical way. Use linking structures to make your letter flow

4. The last paragraph
Say how you expect the other person to respond to your letter if this is appropriate.

5. Closing and signing off
Finish your letter with an appropriate comment. Don't just stop abruptly.
Yours ..........

FCE, CAE, CPE

Practice, Write & Improve
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Sample papers, online practice tests & tips.
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1. Salutation

If you don't know the name of the person you are writing to, use person's name you write "Dear Sir or Madam," whereas if you know the "Dear Mr Smith" or "Dear Ms Smith". Use the title "Ms" if you don't know if the woman is married or unmarried.

2. The first paragraph (opening)

Useful phrases for the opening

I would like to apply for one of the scholarships I saw advertised in your prospectus.
(applying for a scholarship)

I am looking for outdoor work during the summer holidays and I would like to apply for the position of hotel lifeguard assistant which I say advertised in my university's student newspaper.
(applying for a job)

I have seen your advertisement for the job in the local newspaper. I am writing because I would like to apply for the job.
(applying for a job)

Here, you state your reasons for writing the letter and, if needed, what you are responding to. This should not be more than a couple of lines.

3. The next paragraphs (main content)

In the next paragraphs, you give more details about why you are writing. Give relevant information, but don't expand too much. Use linking structures to make your letter flow." Moreover", "Furthermore", "In addition" are all good examples of words that can be used to link sentences together.

You should always be polite and respectful, even if you complain. A useful way to achieve it especially in formal letters is to use 'modal verbs', i.e., would, could or should.

4. The last paragraph

The last paragraph consists of telling the person what you would like them to do as a result of the letter, whilst also thanking them for their time. - "Thank you for your time. I hope to hear from you at your earliest convenience"

W you can sign off with should use hen signing off, look at how you started as a guide. If you don't know the name of a person "Yours faithfully," and if you do know the name of the person you Your full name a surname should then be written under this. "Yours sincerely,".

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Sample papers, online practice tests & tips.
FCE CAE CPE

It's very important to write simply, clearly and logically informal letters. Contractions should not be used ("I am" not "I'm"). Therefore, keep your letter short, direct and to the point

B2 First (FCE) Formal Letter/Email: Model Answers

Topic

You have seen the following advertisement in a newspaper:

VOLUNTEERS NEEDED!

We are the National Diabetes Organisation and we are organising a campfor diabetic children. We need volunteers to work with us during the camp.

Teaching children about diabetes

Playing games with them

Your responsibilities will include:

Also, you should speak several languages because it's an international camp

Write a letter applying to become a volunteer

Model answer

Dear Sir or Madam,

I am writing with regard to the advertisement posted in yesterday's newspaper about the camp for diabetic children. I would like to take part as a volunteer if it is possible.

As you can see in my résumé, I completed a degree in nursing, so I am qualified to teach children about it. Besides, I suffer from diabetes, so I am quite familiar with this illness and how to deal with it.

Furthermore, I have some experience organising entertaining events for children, as I worked at a regular camp for children last summer. For this reason, I am capable of organising and playing fun games with children.

Finally, I must say that I can speak 3 languages, since I have spent some time abroad, in England and Germany. Therefore, apart from Spanish, I am fuent in English and German.

Can I ask about the duration of the camp? What is the daily timetable?I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours faithfully,

José

Topic:

You bought the personal stereo advertised in a mail-order catalogue.

A GREAT LITTLE PERSONAL MUSIC CENTER THAT FITS IN YOUR POCKET!
(Very big and too heavy for my pocket)

This high-quality stereo comes to you at the unbeatable price of $19.99,
(not true - found one for $14.99 in shop) including the cost of postage, lower than you will find in any shop.

It comes compete with:

It has a recording facility (didn't work) ,will pick up any radio station, and plays all your tapes (destroyed two tapes) with high-quality sound.

Write a letter to Home Mail Order, complaining about the stereo, and asking for your money back, or a new stereo

Model answer

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am writing in connection with a personal stereo which I saw advertised in your mail-order catalogue. Last week I bought one of these, and I am sorry to say that I was very disappointed when I received it.

First of all, your advertisement stated that the price would be lower than in any shop but I saw the same stereo at a price of $14.99 instead of $19.99

Furthermore, your advertisement promised that it would be a high-quality stereo complete with all necessary accessories. However, when I received it, the headphones were missing and there was a broken zip on the carrying bag. As well, the recording facility did not work, and I have already destroyed two tapes that contained my favourite musical compositions.

Finally, you also promised that it would be a compact and portable device. However, the stereo was so big and heavy that it could not be carried in a pocket.

Could you please arrange for me to receive a new one or refund my money in full?

I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours faithfully,

Peter Petrov

B2 First (FCE) Formal Letter/Email: Example topics
I am very glad to see that you are coming to our academy in July. I am sure you will all have a very enjoyable time and that you will learn a lot of English. Your can either stay all together in a youth hostel or individually with local families. Please tell me which you would prefer. Tell me something about your group so that I can organise interesting spare time activities. What sort of things do they like doing? Please ask if you need any further information. Yours sincerely, John Webster Your notes:

Paragraph 1 - learning a lot of English is very important because .....

Paragraph 2 - say which you prefer, and why

Ask what the weather's like in Manchester and what clothes you will need

You are helping to organise a visit to an English Language Academy in manchester. You have received a letter from John Webster, the director of the Academy. Read the letter and the notes you have made. Then write a letter to Mr Webster using all your notes.
FLY MAPLE AIR TO CANADA
You have just returned from a trip to Canada. You flew there and back with Maple Air. You decide to write to the airline to complain about your flight and ask for some money back. Read the advertisement and the notes you made and then, using the information, write a letter to the airline. You may add other relevant points of your own.
Phone 0179 765893 now or see your travel agent for more details. Your notes:

Late boarding

Staff quite rude

No vegetarian food for me

Old film

3 flights a day
wide, comfortable seats
friendly, well-trained staff
a good choice of food
special diets no problem
the latest in-flight entertainment
A marvellous experience and a wonderful opportunity to get you fit.Individualised health and fitness programmes in a charming rural setting.
Your parents have seen the following advertisement.

Where?

Places available in August?

How much for a week?

Drinking allowed?

Any trips?

What type of exercise?

They want you to send an email to ask for further details including answers to the following questions:

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Begin your letter by saying why you are writing.

Say where you saw the advertisement

Remember, the letter uses formal language.

Try to avoid using exactly the same words that appear in the notes.

Make sure you have included all the points from the notes.

Use an appropriate closing formula.

Decide what each paragraph will say before you start writing; each paragraph should have a specific purpose.

Imagine you are really writing the letter and put yourself into the writer's position.

Check your work for accuracy, punctuation and spelling.

B2 First (FCE) Formal Letter & Email: Tips

A good formal letter should be: Keep your readers in mind when writing:

Set the correct tone

Use appropriate language

Give only relevant facts or information which is easy to understand, clear and precise

Clear - plain, simple language

Concise - short, straight to the point

Correct - error-free (grammar, spelling, punctuation, content)

B2 First (FCE) Formal Letter/Email: Useful phrases

We will finish it with some useful vocabulary mostly used to organize information. Although it is taking a shortcut, if you learn several expressions for each paragraph in each type of text that could be on your exam, you will certainly be able to create a very consistent and well-organized text.

Reason for writing

I am writing in response to your article/advertisement/letter.
I am writing with regard to your article/advertisement/letter.
I am writing regarding your article/advertisement/letter.
I am writing on behalf of

Referring to their letter

As you stated in your letter, ...
Regarding ... Concerning ... With regard to ...

Ending the letter:

I look forward to receiving your reply.
I look forward to your reply.
I look to hearing from you.

I am, yours faithfully (if you don't know the name of the person you are writing to).
I am, yours sincerely (if you know the name of the person you are writing to).
Yours faithfully.
Yours sincere

Letters to complain: Useful phrases

Reasons for writing

I am writing in order to complain about.
I am writing to complain about

Introducing the complaint:

Introducing further complaints:

Demanding action:

I suggest that you replace the item.
I therefore suggest that I be given a full refund .
I would be grateful if my money was refunded
I would be grateful if you could give me a full refund

Letters to request information: Useful phrases

Reason for writing:

I am writing to receive further information about.
I am writing to enquire about. I am writing to receive more detailed information about.
I am writing to receive further details about

Requesting first piece of information

The first thing I would like to know is.
First of all I would like to know
I wonder if you would mind telling me first of all ....?

Requesting further information:

Could you also tell me....?
Could you also inform me ....?
Would you also mind informing me ....?
Would you also mind telling me ....?
Do you know ....?
I would also like to know if.
I would also like to know whether
I hope you might also let me know about ...

Thanking for information:

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I would like to thank you in advance for this information.
Thanking you in advance for this information.

B2 First (FCE) Formal Letter/Email: Questions & Answers

What is the purpose of the letter?

The task will tell you exactly what you have to do. This may include: asking for or giving information; initiating action or responding to a request; giving feedback on suggestions; making complaints, suggestions, or corrections.

Who will read it?

Probably someone who you do not know well, if at all. This may be a named individual, or an unnamed representative of an organisation, possibly a person in a position of authority or responsibility.

What style should I use?

Be polite. Use indirect expressions, formal linking phrases and set phrases wherever appropriate. Avoid being too familiar, or using contractions and colloquial language.

What information should I include?

In a transactional letter, you will need to read all the information you are given. This will include the task itself, plus one or more additional texts, such as letters, memos, adverts, and handwritten notes. You must respond to all the questions and points in the texts or notes.

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How to write a formal Letter / Email ? | B2 First (FCE) | engxam.com

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An essay is the first part of the writing and it is obligatory. You need to answer the question with between 140-190 words. In the text you need to analyse a question using different points of view. It is a semi-formal text and should be impartial until the conclusion.

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Homework
For Wednesday
Hungry hearts - “She swiveled slowly to face them, incredulous. “What in actual hell have you two been up to?”

https://engxam.com/handbook/how-to-write-a-formal-letter-email-b2-first-fce/#b2-first-fce-formal-letter-email-example-topics

For Friday
Solutions - გვ. 64-ის 2. გვ.66-ის ტექსტი გასარჩევად, სავარჯიშო 6, გვ.67-ის 9, გვ. 68-ის 1, 2, 4, 5
Solutions workbook - გვ. 62-ის 1, 63-ის 1, 2, გვ 64-ის 1, 2
სიტყვები 15.02 დან

Words
tentatively - ვარაუდით
strewn - მოყრილი, მოფენილი
stew - ოხშივარი, ჩაშუშული
rueful - უღიმღამო
swiveled - შემოტრიალდა
dairy product - რძის პროდუქტი
poultry - შინაური ფრინველი
pulses - ნიგოზი, არაქისი და ამნაირები
saturated fat - ნაჯერი ცხიმები
wholegrain - მარცვლეული
additives - დანამატები
fibre - ბოჭკოვანი
fat - ცხიმი
preservative - კონსერვანტი

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Article navigation:

B2 First (FCE) Formal Letter/Email: Structure

B2 First (FCE) Formal Letter/Email: Model Answers

B2 First (FCE) Formal Letter/Email: Example topics

B2 First (FCE) Formal Letter & Email: Tips

B2 First (FCE) Formal Letter/Email: Useful phrases

B2 First (FCE) Formal Letter/Email: Questions & Answers

FCE, CAE, CPE

Practice Tests Online
Get your writing checked, track your progress online.
Sample papers, online practice tests & tips.
FCE CAE CPE

Writing paper will require a response which is consistently appropriate for the specified target reader, and for example, you can expect to be asked to write different kinds of letters/emails. Moreover, their register and style can be formal or informal.

to apply for part-time or holiday work (application letter)

to apply for study or scholarship opportunity (application letter)

to complain about something (complaint letter)

to make suggestions about something

to request information (enquiry letter)

Formal letters are written to an individual or to an organisation. The purpose may be, for example,

The FCE test does not require you to include dates or addresses in any of your letters, whether formal or informal.

B2 First (FCE) Formal Letter/Email: Structure

2. The first paragraph (opening)
Say why you are writing. Clearly state the subject or context.

3. The next paragraphs (main content)
Give the details about why you are writing. Organise all the essential information in a clear and logical way. Use linking structures to make your letter flow

4. The last paragraph
Say how you expect the other person to respond to your letter if this is appropriate.

5. Closing and signing off
Finish your letter with an appropriate comment. Don't just stop abruptly.
Yours ..........

FCE, CAE, CPE

Practice, Write & Improve
Get your writing checked, track your progress online.
Sample papers, online practice tests & tips.
FCE CAE CPE

1. Salutation

If you don't know the name of the person you are writing to, use person's name you write "Dear Sir or Madam," whereas if you know the "Dear Mr Smith" or "Dear Ms Smith". Use the title "Ms" if you don't know if the woman is married or unmarried.

2. The first paragraph (opening)

Useful phrases for the opening

I would like to apply for one of the scholarships I saw advertised in your prospectus.
(applying for a scholarship)

I am looking for outdoor work during the summer holidays and I would like to apply for the position of hotel lifeguard assistant which I say advertised in my university's student newspaper.
(applying for a job)

I have seen your advertisement for the job in the local newspaper. I am writing because I would like to apply for the job.
(applying for a job)

Here, you state your reasons for writing the letter and, if needed, what you are responding to. This should not be more than a couple of lines.

3. The next paragraphs (main content)

In the next paragraphs, you give more details about why you are writing. Give relevant information, but don't expand too much. Use linking structures to make your letter flow." Moreover", "Furthermore", "In addition" are all good examples of words that can be used to link sentences together.

You should always be polite and respectful, even if you complain. A useful way to achieve it especially in formal letters is to use 'modal verbs', i.e., would, could or should.

4. The last paragraph

The last paragraph consists of telling the person what you would like them to do as a result of the letter, whilst also thanking them for their time. - "Thank you for your time. I hope to hear from you at your earliest convenience"

W you can sign off with should use hen signing off, look at how you started as a guide. If you don't know the name of a person "Yours faithfully," and if you do know the name of the person you Your full name a surname should then be written under this. "Yours sincerely,".

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It's very important to write simply, clearly and logically informal letters. Contractions should not be used ("I am" not "I'm"). Therefore, keep your letter short, direct and to the point

B2 First (FCE) Formal Letter/Email: Model Answers

Topic

You have seen the following advertisement in a newspaper:

VOLUNTEERS NEEDED!

We are the National Diabetes Organisation and we are organising a campfor diabetic children. We need volunteers to work with us during the camp.

Teaching children about diabetes

Playing games with them

Your responsibilities will include:

Also, you should speak several languages because it's an international camp

Write a letter applying to become a volunteer

Model answer

Dear Sir or Madam,

I am writing with regard to the advertisement posted in yesterday's newspaper about the camp for diabetic children. I would like to take part as a volunteer if it is possible.

As you can see in my résumé, I completed a degree in nursing, so I am qualified to teach children about it. Besides, I suffer from diabetes, so I am quite familiar with this illness and how to deal with it.

Furthermore, I have some experience organising entertaining events for children, as I worked at a regular camp for children last summer. For this reason, I am capable of organising and playing fun games with children.

Finally, I must say that I can speak 3 languages, since I have spent some time abroad, in England and Germany. Therefore, apart from Spanish, I am fuent in English and German.

Can I ask about the duration of the camp? What is the daily timetable?I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours faithfully,

José

Topic:

You bought the personal stereo advertised in a mail-order catalogue.

A GREAT LITTLE PERSONAL MUSIC CENTER THAT FITS IN YOUR POCKET!
(Very big and too heavy for my pocket)

This high-quality stereo comes to you at the unbeatable price of $19.99,
(not true - found one for $14.99 in shop) including the cost of postage, lower than you will find in any shop.

It comes compete with:

It has a recording facility (didn't work) ,will pick up any radio station, and plays all your tapes (destroyed two tapes) with high-quality sound.

Write a letter to Home Mail Order, complaining about the stereo, and asking for your money back, or a new stereo

Model answer

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am writing in connection with a personal stereo which I saw advertised in your mail-order catalogue. Last week I bought one of these, and I am sorry to say that I was very disappointed when I received it.

First of all, your advertisement stated that the price would be lower than in any shop but I saw the same stereo at a price of $14.99 instead of $19.99

Furthermore, your advertisement promised that it would be a high-quality stereo complete with all necessary accessories. However, when I received it, the headphones were missing and there was a broken zip on the carrying bag. As well, the recording facility did not work, and I have already destroyed two tapes that contained my favourite musical compositions.

Finally, you also promised that it would be a compact and portable device. However, the stereo was so big and heavy that it could not be carried in a pocket.

Could you please arrange for me to receive a new one or refund my money in full?

I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours faithfully,

Peter Petrov

B2 First (FCE) Formal Letter/Email: Example topics
I am very glad to see that you are coming to our academy in July. I am sure you will all have a very enjoyable time and that you will learn a lot of English. Your can either stay all together in a youth hostel or individually with local families. Please tell me which you would prefer. Tell me something about your group so that I can organise interesting spare time activities. What sort of things do they like doing? Please ask if you need any further information. Yours sincerely, John Webster Your notes:

Paragraph 1 - learning a lot of English is very important because .....

Paragraph 2 - say which you prefer, and why

Ask what the weather's like in Manchester and what clothes you will need

You are helping to organise a visit to an English Language Academy in manchester. You have received a letter from John Webster, the director of the Academy. Read the letter and the notes you have made. Then write a letter to Mr Webster using all your notes.
FLY MAPLE AIR TO CANADA
You have just returned from a trip to Canada. You flew there and back with Maple Air. You decide to write to the airline to complain about your flight and ask for some money back. Read the advertisement and the notes you made and then, using the information, write a letter to the airline. You may add other relevant points of your own.
Phone 0179 765893 now or see your travel agent for more details. Your notes:

Late boarding

Staff quite rude

No vegetarian food for me

Old film

3 flights a day
wide, comfortable seats
friendly, well-trained staff
a good choice of food
special diets no problem
the latest in-flight entertainment
A marvellous experience and a wonderful opportunity to get you fit.Individualised health and fitness programmes in a charming rural setting.
Your parents have seen the following advertisement.

Where?

Places available in August?

How much for a week?

Drinking allowed?

Any trips?

What type of exercise?

They want you to send an email to ask for further details including answers to the following questions:

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Begin your letter by saying why you are writing.

Say where you saw the advertisement

Remember, the letter uses formal language.

Try to avoid using exactly the same words that appear in the notes.

Make sure you have included all the points from the notes.

Use an appropriate closing formula.

Decide what each paragraph will say before you start writing; each paragraph should have a specific purpose.

Imagine you are really writing the letter and put yourself into the writer's position.

Check your work for accuracy, punctuation and spelling.

B2 First (FCE) Formal Letter & Email: Tips

A good formal letter should be: Keep your readers in mind when writing:

Set the correct tone

Use appropriate language

Give only relevant facts or information which is easy to understand, clear and precise

Clear - plain, simple language

Concise - short, straight to the point

Correct - error-free (grammar, spelling, punctuation, content)

B2 First (FCE) Formal Letter/Email: Useful phrases

We will finish it with some useful vocabulary mostly used to organize information. Although it is taking a shortcut, if you learn several expressions for each paragraph in each type of text that could be on your exam, you will certainly be able to create a very consistent and well-organized text.

Reason for writing

I am writing in response to your article/advertisement/letter.
I am writing with regard to your article/advertisement/letter.
I am writing regarding your article/advertisement/letter.
I am writing on behalf of

Referring to their letter

As you stated in your letter, ...
Regarding ... Concerning ... With regard to ...

Ending the letter:

I look forward to receiving your reply.
I look forward to your reply.
I look to hearing from you.

I am, yours faithfully (if you don't know the name of the person you are writing to).
I am, yours sincerely (if you know the name of the person you are writing to).
Yours faithfully.
Yours sincere

Letters to complain: Useful phrases

Reasons for writing

I am writing in order to complain about.
I am writing to complain about

Introducing the complaint:

Introducing further complaints:

Demanding action:

I suggest that you replace the item.
I therefore suggest that I be given a full refund .
I would be grateful if my money was refunded
I would be grateful if you could give me a full refund

Letters to request information: Useful phrases

Reason for writing:

I am writing to receive further information about.
I am writing to enquire about. I am writing to receive more detailed information about.
I am writing to receive further details about

Requesting first piece of information

The first thing I would like to know is.
First of all I would like to know
I wonder if you would mind telling me first of all ....?

Requesting further information:

Could you also tell me....?
Could you also inform me ....?
Would you also mind informing me ....?
Would you also mind telling me ....?
Do you know ....?
I would also like to know if.
I would also like to know whether
I hope you might also let me know about ...

Thanking for information:

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I would like to thank you in advance for this information.
Thanking you in advance for this information.

B2 First (FCE) Formal Letter/Email: Questions & Answers

What is the purpose of the letter?

The task will tell you exactly what you have to do. This may include: asking for or giving information; initiating action or responding to a request; giving feedback on suggestions; making complaints, suggestions, or corrections.

Who will read it?

Probably someone who you do not know well, if at all. This may be a named individual, or an unnamed representative of an organisation, possibly a person in a position of authority or responsibility.

What style should I use?

Be polite. Use indirect expressions, formal linking phrases and set phrases wherever appropriate. Avoid being too familiar, or using contractions and colloquial language.

What information should I include?

In a transactional letter, you will need to read all the information you are given. This will include the task itself, plus one or more additional texts, such as letters, memos, adverts, and handwritten notes. You must respond to all the questions and points in the texts or notes.

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How to write a formal Letter / Email ? | B2 First (FCE) | engxam.com

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An essay is the first part of the writing and it is obligatory. You need to answer the question with between 140-190 words. In the text you need to analyse a question using different points of view. It is a semi-formal text and should be impartial until the conclusion.

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Homework
For Friday
Hungry Hearts - “There was a silence. Then his voice, firmer this time. “Anna, look at me.”

https://www.rubenvalero.com/learningenglish/b2-first-fce/writing-fce-b2/fce-formal-letter-email/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3uvUuxD_XKM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jGhe13nY2sg

For Wednesday
Round-up - გვ. 121, 122

https://www.english-grammar.at/online_exercises/reported-speech/rs004-reported-speech.htm

https://www.english-grammar.at/online_exercises/reported-speech/reported-speech1.htm

Words

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Paper 2 Writing - Part 2

Would you like the content of this page in pdf format? Contact me and I'll tell you how to get it.

A formal letter or email

Formal letters may be written to an individual or to an organisation. The purpose may be, for example,

to apply for part-time or holiday work (application letter)

to apply for study or scholarship opportunity (application letter)

to complain about something (complaint letter)

to make suggestions about something

to request information (enquiry letter)

In many exam questions, you will be told what to include in your reply. Make sure that your reply answers any questions that you were asked in the task and takes into account any additional information that you have been told to mention. It is important that you include these in order to get a good grade.

How to write formal letters or emails

[1] Salutation or Greeting

(A) If you know the name of the person you are writing to use the title (Mr, Mrs, Miss or Ms) and the surname only. If you are writing to a woman and do not know if she uses Mrs or Miss, you can use Ms, which is for married and single women.
Examples: "Dear Mr Simpson," / "Dear Mrs Flanders," / "Dear Miss Skinner," / "Dear Ms Van Houten,"

(B) If you do not know the name of the recipient of the letter begin with "Dear Sir," / "Dear Madam," (if you know you are writing to a man or a woman) or "Dear Sir or Madam," (if you do not know the sex of the person you are writing to).

[2] Body
[2.1] Opening
The first paragraph states the reason(s) for writing and, if needed, what you are responding to (an advert, a prospectus...). In addition, an opening paragraph is needed to make reference to previous correspondence.
Useful phrases for the opening

I would like to apply for one of the scholarships I saw advertised in your prospectus. (applying for a scholarship)

I am looking for an outdoor work during the summer holidays and I would like to apply for the position of hotel lifguard assistant which I say advertised in my university's student newspaper. (applying for a job)

I have seen your advertisement for the post / vacancy / job of... advertised in the local newspaper on 16 June. I am writing because I would like to apply for the job. (applying for a job)

I am the secretary of my college Science Club. I saw your advertisement for the exhibition "The Next 100 Years" and I am interested in organising a group visit. I was wondering if I could ask you some questions about it. (requesting information)

I am writing (in order) to complain about the advertisement for your new game. Having just played the game, I realise that the advertisement is misleading. (complaint letter)

I am writing with regard to ... I am writing with reference to... I am writing in response to...

Thank you for /your letter of 9 May... /for your letter regarding...

In reply tor your letter of 8 May, ...

[2.2], [2. .] Main content
The rest of the body will be organized in paragraphs: that will make reading easier and the effect on the target reader will be better. For example, an application letter may have this layout and paragraphing:

Salutation or greeting

#1 Opening (first paragraph)

#2 About you (age, where you live, education-training and/or work experience relevant to the job, languages ...)

#3 Reasons for applying (why you are suitable for the job)

#4 Conclusion (availability for interview, further questions, ... - if necessary)

Closing

Final salutation

Name and surname

For any type of formal letter, paragraphing is just a matter of common sense, grouping ideas logically (covering two points or questions in one paragraph, two other points or questions in another paragraph...). You should aim for three to five paragraphs.
Other useful phrases
Asking politely

Could you tell me... ?

I would be grateful if you could ...

I would be interested in having more details about...

I would like to know if/when/when/...

I would like information on...

Do you know if...?

Complaining

I would like to complain about + noun or -ing

... is not what I expected / was expecting

I am not satisfied with...

I would be grateful if my money was refunded / if you could give me a refund

[3] Closing

The end of your letter is as important as the beginning. You usually state what you would like the recipient to do, make a reference to a future event, offer to help...

I look forward to hearing from you soon / I look forward to receiving your reply

I look forward to receiving a full refund (in a complaint letter)

I would like to know what you are going to do about this situation (in a complaint letter)

I would like to thank you in advance for this information (in a enquiry letter -requesting information)

If you require/Should you need further information, please do not hesitate to contact me/feel free to contact me.

[4] Final salutation

Depending on how you started your letter (See "Salutation or Greeting" above), you will end your letter with

(A) Yours sincerely,

(B) Yours faithfully,

[5] Sign your name and then print your name clearly underneath on another new line
Additional information on how to end a Letter o Email
Letter of application - useful phrases

Dear ......

I am writing to apply for a/the job of ..... which I saw advertised in "The Guardian" newspaper.

I am 26 years old and at the moment I am studying ... at .... Having studied English for over seven years I am a fluent speaker of the language. My qualifications also include Proficiency certificates in both French and German. As far as experience is concerned, I have worked as ............. for ........... As for my character, people tell me I am ...............

I feel I would be suitable for this job because ............ . This will give me the opportunity to ..... . I would also like the chance to....

I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours ...
Other things to consider
Range: It is important that you use grammatical expressions and vocabulary appropriate to the level of the exam. Even if there are no mistakes in your writing, you will not be able to get a good grade if you use only the language and vocabulary that you learnt at elementary level.
Formal language

Use full verb forms and not contractions (do not instead of don't, would like instead of 'd like...)

Formal vocabulary, usually not using phrasal verbs.

More complex sentence structure.

Connectors: All good writing makes good use of connectors. You need to use some of the connectors that are more specific to formal language.

Model questions and answers

Formal email/letter 1 - Model question
TASK You see this advertisement in a student newspaper. Lifeguard assistants wanted Write your email in 140-190 words in an appropriate style.
Formal email/letter 1 - Model answer

Dear Sir or Madam,

I am looking for outdoor work during the summer holidays and I would like to apply for the position of lifeguard assistant, which I saw advertised in my university's student newspaper.

I am 20 years old and at present I am studying Physical Education. I am a strong swimmer and have recently had first aid training. I very much enjoy working with people and for the last two summers I have been working as an assistant ranger in a National Park, where I had to provide information to the public about using the park and provide emergency assistance to park users. Now I am looking for something different.

I think I would be a suitable candidate for the position because I have been described as calm in a crisis and someone who works well with others.

I am available for the whole of August and would be happy to attend an interview at any time. I look forward to hearing from you as soon as possible.

Yours faithfully,

Ivan Ivienen

Semi-formal email/letter 2 - Model question
TASK You recently helped organise a college ski trip and you have received this email from a parent of one of the students who went.
Nora White
Write your email in 140-190 words in an appropriate style.
Semi-formal email/letter 2 - Model answer

Dear Ms White,

First, let me apologise for any disappointment your son experienced on our ski trip. It is true that there were several concerns. Since we had been led to believe by the company that there would be sufficient slopes for both beginners and advanced skiers, we were extremely upset when this turned out to not to be the case. It was also unfortunate that lack of snow meant that artificial snow had to be used instead.

As for the question of lessons, if you look at the letter we sent you, you will see that only five one-hour lessons were included in the price and that extra hours would have to be paid for separately.

In relation to accommodation, I am not quite sure what you are referring to. I know that in one room there were not enough beds but this was not the case in your son's room.

We would like to assure you that we take all complaints seriously. We have already decided that next year we will change the company and the location for our trip and we hope that your son will consider joining us again.

Yours sincerely,

Ernest Omate

Formal email/letter 3 - Model question
TASK You see this announcement in an English-language college prospectus. Scholarships Write your letter in 140-190 words in an appropriate style.
Formal email/letter 3 - Model answer

Dear Sir/Madam,

I would like to apply for one of the scholarships I saw advertised in your prospectus.

At present, I am training to be a secondary school teacher of English and I finish my course at the end of June. However, I feel I still have a lot to learn about the language and culture of the English-speaking world and would benefit considerably from a course in an English-speaking country.

The reason I am applying for a scholarship is that I cannot afford the cost of studying abroad. I have no income except for my student grant, so if I am fortunate enough to be given a scholarship, I would have to work part-time to save some personal spending money. My parents will borrow some money for my airfare if I am successful.

I would appreciate being given the opportunity to study at your college and would be very grateful if you would consider my application.

Yours faithfully,

Pedro Gadicto

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FCE - formal letter/email * Learning English

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Paper 2 Writing - Part 2 Would you like the content of this page in pdf format? Contact me and I'll tell you how to get it. A formal letter or email Formal letters may be written to an individual or to an organisation. The purpose may be, for example, to apply for part-time or ...

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Homework
Hungry Hearts - “There was a silence. Then his voice, firmer this time. “Anna, look at me.”

Words
rampage - განრისხება
boar - ღორი
vaguely - ბუნდოვნად
batch - პარტია

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Homework
Hungry Hearts - “Lila nodded. “I’m sorry.”

Round-up - გვ. 117-119

https://englishclubmskh.files.wordpress.com/2018/09/toefl-essays.pdf - გვ. 105-ის 98

Solutions workbook - გვ.58-ის 5, 59-ის 4, 60-ის 1, 6, 61-ის 10

სიტყვები ბოლო 5 გაკვეთილის

Words
flush - გაწითლება
shrug - შეშმუშვნა
tether - თოკი, ჯაჭვი

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Homework
Hungry hearts - ამის ჩათვლით: into her hands and chased some of the cold away.”
Round-up - გვ. 116-119
https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/reported-speech-exercise-1.html

https://englishclubmskh.files.wordpress.com/2018/09/toefl-essays.pdf - გვ. 103-ის 95

https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1265990/

Words
tug -  გაუკრთა
crone - დედაბერი
fond - დაინტერესებული, მოსიყვარულე
hindsight - წინდაუხედავად
squelch - ჭყაპუნი
peck - ბუდე
persistent - ჯიუტი, მიმწოლი
utterly - უდაოდ

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Homework
Hungry hearts - One careless move would break the pieces apart
Round-up - გვ. 111-115
Solutions - გვ. 61-ს, 62-ის 2 და 63-ის 6
სიტყვები წინა სამის

Words

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Homework
Round-up - გვ. 107, 108
Hungry hearts - One careless move would break the pieces apart

გვ. 22 მე-20 ესე https://englishclubmskh.files.wordpress.com/2018/09/toefl-essays.pdf
Solutions workbook - გვ. 52-ის 2, გვ. 53-ის 5, გვ. 55-ის 1, 2, 3, 4 გვ. 56-ის 1
სიტყვები ამის და წინა სამის

https://www.imdb.com/title/tt6225520/

Words
sedate - დაწყნარება
retreat -დაბრუნება
novelty - სიახლე
fragile - სათუთი, ნაზი, ადვილად მტვრევადი

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Videos13

In 1843, the celebrated British novelist, Charles Dickens, is at a low point in his career with three flops behind him and his family expenses piling up at home. Determined to recover, Dickens decides to write a Christmas story and self-publish it in less than two months. As Dickens labors writing on such short notice, his estranged father and mother come to bunk with him. Still haunted by painful memories of his father ruining his childhood by his financial irresponsibility, Dickens develops a writer's block which seems to have no solution. As such, Dickens must face his personal demons epitomized through his characters, especially in his imagined conversations with Ebenezer Scrooge. Now with a looming deadline, Dickens struggles for inspiration against his frustrations and his characters' opinions in a literary challenge creating a classic tale that would define the essential soul of modern Christmas. - Kenneth Chisholm (kchishol@rogers.com)

What is the Hindi language plot outline for The Man Who Invented Christmas (2017)?

Answer

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The Man Who Invented Christmas (2017) - IMDb

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Videos13 In 1843, the celebrated British novelist, Charles Dickens, is at a low point in his career with three flops behind him and his family expenses piling up at home. Determined to recover, Dickens decides to write a Christmas story and self-publish it in less than two months.

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Homework
Round-up - გვ. 97-106
Hungry Hearts - აქამდე - “I’ll call them now”
გვ. 16 მე-17 ესე https://englishclubmskh.files.wordpress.com/2018/09/toefl-essays.pdf

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AESkozhaT4s

Words

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When are you actually an adult? - Shannon Odell

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Homework
Round-up - გვ. 97-106
გვ. 13 მე-15 ესე https://englishclubmskh.files.wordpress.com/2018/09/toefl-essays.pdf
Solutions - გვ. 56-ის 4, გვ. 58-ის ტექსტის უცხო სიტყვები ამოიწერე
Solutions workbook - გვ. 47-ის 1, 48-ის 2, 5, 49-ის 7, 8
სიტყვები ეს და წინა

Words
to star - თამაშობდე
talk sb into sth - რაღაცაში ჩაითრიო ვიღაცა
turn down - უარი თქვა
make sth up - გამოიგონო რაღაც ისტორია
take after sb - ოჯახში ვიღაცას გავდე, უფრო მეტად ამბობენ ხასიათზე

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Homework
Round-up - გვ. 92-96
Solutions workbook - გვ. 41, 43. 44
გვ. 8-ის მე-9 ესე https://englishclubmskh.files.wordpress.com/2018/09/toefl-essays.pdf
სიტყვები

Words
reimbursement - ანაზღაურება
to be on the same wavelength - იყო ერთ აზრზე
be wary of - წინდახედული იყო
look down on - ზემოდან უყურებდე
look up to - შესციცინებდა, ვიღაცა შენი კერპი იყოს
not see eye to eye - არ ეთანხმებოდე
flatter - მლიქვნელობა
nag - ბუზღუნი
praise - შექება
tease - წვალება
tell sb of sth - ვიღაცას რაღაცაზე ეუხეშო

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Homework
Round-up - გვ. 89, 90
Solutions - გვ. 44-ის 5, გვ. 47-ის ტექსტი და 3, 4 სავარჯიშოები
https://www.4tests.com/toefl#StartExam

Listening Part A
Listening
Structure

Words

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Recommended TOEFL Exam Practice Material:

This TOEFL Practice Test is here to help you prepare for the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) Test administered by Educational Testing Service (ETS). The TOEFL began development in 1962 and was first administered two years later. Its purpose is to prepare international students for studying in an English-speaking country or program. Our Practice TOEFL is here to give you a simulation of the content and is a great primer whether you take the paper-based (PBT) or Internet-based test (iBT). Each testing type is broken up into four sections.

For the iBT, you will answer a number of questions in Reading, Listening, Speaking and Writing. For the PBT, you will do Listening, Structure and Written Expression, Reading Comprehension and Writing. The iBT is longer, clocking in at around 200 to 250 minutes (including one 10-minute break). The PBT is much shorter running 140 to 150 minutes in overall length.

The TOEFL Test is now predominately an iBT, though the paper-based may still be available in some areas. For our purposes moving forward, we will draw from the iBT.

TOEFL Test: Reading, 60 to 80 minutes

The TOEFL as it appears on test day will run anywhere from 60 to 80 minutes in length. It will consist of four to six passages that you will need to read, each one being around 700 words long. Don't expect any light reading here. Most topics are from academia, and it will be your job to understand rhetorical functions like argumentation, cause-and-effect and compare-and-contrast.

You will need to identify specific ideas, themes, inferences, essential information, vocabulary, sentence insertion and more. The test may mandate that you fill out tables complete summaries. Fortunately, you do not need to come into the TOEFL with a prior understanding of the topic at hand in order to get the right answer.

TOEFL: Listening, 60 to 90 minutes

The Listening section also features a flexible time range with around six to nine passages per test. Each section is three to five minutes in length. The passages typically include conversations between two students, academic lectures or discussions. Conversations may be between the student and a campus employee -- professorial or service-based.

As with the Reading section, the lectures will focus on something to do with academia, but the test-taker does not need a prior knowledge of the material in order to get the right answer. That said, it can be quite challenging because you only get one crack at hearing and understanding what the participants in both the conversations and the lectures have to say. You can and should take notes while listening because you will have the opportunity to look over those as you answer each question. Questions are designed to measure your understanding of main ideas, implications, relationships between ideas, important details, speaker purpose, organization of information and speaker attitude.

TOEFL: Speaking, 20 minutes

While the Speaking section is the shortest section of the TOEFL Test, it is no less challenging. This is basically where the knowledge you have of the English language needs to be applied. You will have six individual tasks to perform, so room for error is limited.

The six tasks include four integrated and two independent. In the integrated tasks, you must read a short excerpt, listen to an educational lecture or conversation on campus life, and formulate your answer by fusing the appropriate information from both textual and spoken sources. You will also be required to listen to an academic course lecture or campus life conversation and respond to a question about what you heard. You will be evaluated on how well you are able to synthesize and effectively communicate materials from listening and reading portions.

For the independent tasks, you will be given opinion questions on familiar subjects. Here, you will be scored on how well you are able to speak spontaneously and coherently communicate your ideas.

TOEFL: Writing, 50 minutes

The last, and for many the most rigorous, portion of the TOEFL Test is the Writing part. While you will only have two tasks -- the fewest of any section -- you will also only have 50 minutes to accomplish them which can go by quickly when engaging in longer form writing.

The tasks here are broken up into integrated and independent. For the integrated, you will read a passage and listen to a speaker discuss it. Then, you will write a summary that details all of the important points in the listening passage and shows how it connects to the major takeaways from the reading passage. In the independent task, you will simply write an essay on a familiar topic.

TOEFL Practice: Preparing for Both

Our TOEFL Practice Test is not an exact recreation of the TOEFL Test as it will be administered on test day, but it does offer some extensive training with the types of questions and materials you will encounter on the test, be it the PBT or iBT.

We've broken it up into five overall sections consisting of three individual Listening portions (53 questions altogether), one Reading section (28 questions) and one Structure section (30 questions).

This Practice TOEFL will help you feel more confident with the types of questions that you will encounter; but we also want to encourage you to take as many TOEFL Practice Test opportunities as you can and even consider enrolling in a test preparation course if you can afford to do so.

You want to be comfortable on test day, not just with the questions and types of materials, but also the testing environment itself. Additionally, you may want to follow this list of DOs and DON'Ts when it comes to preparing.

TOEFL Test DOs

DO study passages like you would find in an undergraduate textbook.

DO take as many Practice TOEFL tests as you can in the time leading up to test day, and try to recreate the exact environment in which you will be taking the exam, at least as much as you can.

DO speak in English as much as you possibly can when talking to friends and family members who are fluent themselves.

DO try to immerse yourself in as much English culture as you can.

DO work on improving your note-taking skills regardless of the specific language you use.

DO take 4Tests' TOEFL Practice Test. (It's free!)

TOEFL DON'Ts

DON'T get all of your English understanding from movies and television.

DON'T take one or two Practice TOEFL tests and assume you are ready for primetime.

DON'T overestimate your ability just because you're pretty good at speaking English. The written parts can torch you.

DON'T speak English with anyone who is way below your skill level. You get nothing out of it, and you'll probably just end up annoying them.

DON'T assume immersion is the only answer. Much of what you will encounter on this test is academic in nature, so study formal English as much as you do the pop culture stuff.

DON'T use your native language as a crutch. English requires practice to get right.

DON'T stop with our Practice TOEFL. Enroll in a class and get your hands on as many practice exams as you can in the buildup to test day. Repetition will simply make you more comfortable with the test itself.

DON'T get frustrated if you're not as good at English on test day as you want to be. You can still pass the TOEFL whether you're an expert or not. The important thing to remember: the TOEFL test is just the beginning. Your language skills will improve once you enroll in an English-speaking course or school.

Basic Study Tips to Remember

The TOEFL Test may be unlike anything you have ever seen on the testing front, but try to remember that it is just another exam, and as such, is responsive to some of the same rules for effective studying. That said, make sure that in addition to the test-specific actions, you are also locking down these study basics:

1. Memorize the test date in advance and leave plenty of room to brush up on problem areas.

2. Purchase study materials and take as many practice exams as you can, especially in the last few weeks before test day.

3. Do a test run before the big day so you can be familiar with the testing environment as well as the required documentation that ETS makes you bring along for the date.

4. When studying, do so in a quiet and secluded place. Avoid the temptation to listen to music -- particularly music with lyrics -- since you will need to switch back and forth from reading to listening sections.

5. If possible, attend study groups with other TOEFL Test takers. There is safety in numbers, and you can learn just as much -- if not more -- from a peer as you can an instructor.

Keep these tips in mind, and the TOEFL Test will be your first step in mastering the English language and improving your marketability. Good luck!

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TOEFL IBT Practice Test | Free TOEFL Practice Exam | 4Tests.com

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This site requires JavaScript. To fully use this site, please enable it in your browser. Recommended TOEFL Exam Practice Material: This TOEFL Practice Test is here to help you prepare for the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) Test administered by Educational Testing Service (ETS).

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Homework
https://www.netflix.com/search?q=inception&jbv=70131314
Inception

Words

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Homework
Round-up - გვ. 82-88

Words
prompt - წაქეზება, ნაჩქარევად თქმა

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Homework
Round-up - გვ. 80 და 81

OOUIL - გვ. 38, 39,40

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HWE6cWEk74g&feature=emb_title

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YoHD9XEInc0&ab_channel=RottenTomatoesClassicTrailers

ამ და წინა გაკვეთილის სიტყვები ისწავლე
Words

dingy - თბილი, გლუმი
dull - უხასიათო, გამოცრეცილი
hospitable - სტუმართმოყვარე
run-down - ჩამოცვენამდე როა
vibrant - სიცოცხლით სავსე
encounter - შეხვედრა
tread - ფეხის დაბიჯება
uninhabited - დაუსახლებელი
harsh - მძიმე

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Jenna Ortega on Playing Wednesday Addams, Going to Disney Prom & Being Against All Dipping Sauces

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Homework
OOUIL - გვ. 10 დან 13-ის ჩათვლით
Round-up - გვ. 41-44
Solutions - გვ. 8-ის მეორეს სიტყვები იპოვე
გვ. 9 ტექსტი გაარჩიე, 7

Words
supplier - მიმწოდებელი
clique - ჯგუფი
detain - ყურადღების გადატანა

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Homework
OOUIL - გვ. 13-დან 15-ის ჩათვლით
სიტყვები

Words
confiscate - ჩამორთმევა
extend - გაზრდა
beckon - შეტყუება
toss - ჩაგდება
fender bender - მცირე საგზაო შემთხვევა
bad-tempered - ცუდი ხასიათის მქონე
conscious - ცნობიერება
gullible - გულუბრყვილო
industrious - შრომისმოყვარე
shrewed - გამჭრიახი
stingy - ძუნწი
untrustworthy - რომ ვერ ენდობი
vain - თვიკმაყოფილი
rooster - მამალი
easy-going - კომუნიკაბელური
light-minded - უდარდელი
quick-witted - გამჭრიახი
thick-skinned - არავის ნათქვამი რომ არ მიაქვს გულთან
single-minded - პირდაპირი

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Homework
Round-up - გვ. 45-48
Solutions workbook - გვ. 4-ის 1, 4, 6, 7. გვ. 5-ის 1, 5, გვ.6-ის 2
OOUIL - გვ.16, 17, 18

Words
stunt double - დუბლიორი
martial arts - საბრძოლო ხელოვნება
bodybuilder - ბოდიბილდერი, დაკუნთული ადამიანი
sue for libel - ცილისწამებისთვის ჩივილი
disparaging - შემაწუხებელი, უპატივცემულო
nondescript - გაურკვეველი
exasperated - შეწუხებული
smug - ამაყი
omniscient - ყოვლისმცოდნე
grimacing - დამანჭვა
kneel - ჩამუხლვა

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Get away- თავის დაღწევა
Get on - პროგრესირება, ტრანსპორტში ასვლა, ვიღაცას კარგად ეწყობოდე
Get off - ტრანსპორტიდან ჩამოსვლა
Get through - ტელეფონით დაკავშირება, დამთავრება

make a fortune - გამოიმუშავო ბევრი ფული
make up one's mind - გადაწყვიტო
make a living - გამოუმუშავო ფული
drop sb a line - ვიღაცას მიწერო წერილი, პატარა არაფორმალური შეტყობინება
break a record - რეკორდის დამყარება
break sb's heart - ვიღაცას გული გაუტეხო

Give sb/sth away: რაღაცა გამოააშკარავო, უღალატო ვინმეს. უფასოდ მიცემა
Give sth back: რაღაცის უკან დაბრუნება
Give off: გამოუშვას რაღაც (სუნი ან მსგავსი)
Give out: რაღაცას დასასრული ჰქონდეს
Give up: მოეშვა რაღაცის კეთებას
Give oneself up: დანებდე

Throw a party: გამართო წვეულება
Hit the roof: ძალიან გაბრაზდე
Fight like cat and dog: ძალიან ჩხუბობდე
Rain cats and dogs: ძაან წვიმდეს
Swim like a dish: ძაან კარგად ცურავდე
Cut a long story short: მოკლედ მოყვე
Have a memory like an elephant: არასოდეს დაგავიწყდეს
Eat like a horse: ბევრს ჭამდე

go away - წასვლა
go in for - მონაწილეობა მიიღო რაიმე შეჯიბრში
go on - გააგრძელო
go around - იყოს საკმარისი ყველასთვის გასაყოფად
go through - დეტალურად გავლა
call for - საჭიროებდეს
call in - უცბად ნახვა
call off - გაუქმება
call out - ყვირილი, ვიღაცა სასწრაფოდ გამოიძახო

take sth into - მიიღო მხედველობაში
take part in - მონაწილეობა მიიღო
take place - ადგილი ჰქონდეს
take a look - უცებ შეხედო რამეს
give sb a hand - ვიღაცას დაეხმარო
give sb a ring - ვიღაცას დაურეკო

look after - მოუარო
look for - ძებნა
look forward to - ელოდებოდე რაღაცას სიამოვნებით
look into - გამოძიება
look out (for) - ყურადღებით იყო
look through - შესწავლა უცბად
look up - პოვნა მისამართის, სახელის, სიტყვის წიგნში

put the blame on sb - დაბრალება
put an end to sth - რაღაც მთლიანად დაამთავრო
save sth for a rainy day - გადაინახო შავი დღისთვის
no kidding? - ღადაობ? მართლა?
(do sth) behind someone's back - ვიღაცის ზურგს უკან აკეთებდე რამეს

make out - დაინახო, გამოარკვიო რას ხედავ, გაგება
make up - გამოგონება, მაკიაჟი, ჩხუბის დასრულება
make up one's mind - ჩამოყალიბდე

feel/be/look worn out - გრძობდე, იყო, გამოიყურებოდე ძალიან დაღლილი
learn sth by heart - ზეპირად ისწავლო
lose one's head - პანიკა, კონტროლის დაკარგვა
lose heart - მუღამი დაგეკარგოს
lose one's temper - გაბრაზდე
change one's mind - გადაიფიქრო
tell the world - ყველას უთხრა
spend money like water - ფული უცებ დახარჯო

put down - დაწერა
put forward - შეთავაზება
put off - გადადება
put on - ჩაცმა, მომატება
put out - ხანძრის ჩაქრობა
put through - დაკავშირება ტელეფონით
put sb up - ვიღაცას მისცე დასაძინებელი ადგილი

fit like a glove - ტანსაცმელზე ითქმის როდესაც კარგად გეტევა
sleep like a log - ძაან ღრმად გეძინოს
have sth on the tip of one's tongue - ენაზე გადგეს რაღაც pour with rain - ძაან წვიმდეს
be hard of hearing - კარგად არ გესმოდეს

run across - გადააწყდე
run after - გაეკიდო
run away - გაიქცე
run down  ცუდი რამე უთხრა, დანგრევა
run into sb - ვიღაცას უცებ შეხვდე, შეეჯახო
run out of - გაგითავდეს

be hard on sb - ვიღაცას არასწორად მოექცე
be short of sth - არ გქონდეს საკმარისი
be sound sleep - გათიშული გეძინოს
be flat out - დაღლილი იყო
be out of work - უმუშევარი იყო
be out of practice - არ გქონდეს გამოცდილება
be in sb's shoes - ვიღაცის ადგილას იყო

set off - დაიწყო მოგზაურობა, გაეშურო
set out -დაიწყო მოგზაურობა
set out to - დაიწყო სამსახური ან რამე საქმე
set up - ბიზნესის დაწყება
stand by sb - მხარდაჭერა
stand for - ნიშნავდეს
stand up - ადგე
stand up to - ვიღაცა დაიცვა ვიღაცისგან

behind bars - ციხეში
full of beans - სიცოცხლით სავსე
out of blue - უეცრად
by and large - მეტწილად
take it easy - დაიკიდო
keep an eye on sth - რაღაცას უმეთვალყურეო
keep one's fingers crossed - იღბალი ისურვო

take after sb - ვიღაცას გავდე
take away - მოაშორო
take down - დაწერო
take off - გახდა ტანსაცმლის, აფრენა თვითმფრინავის
take sb out - ვიღაცის რესტორანში წაყვანა
take over - კონტროლის აღება
take up - დაიწყო ჰობი, სპორტი, სამსახური

make one's blood boil - ვიღაც გააბრაზო
ring a bell - გეცნოს
work a miracle - რაღაც არარსებული მოხდეს
in black and white - წერილობით
against all odds - ყველა წინაღობის მიუხედავად

turn sb down - ვიღაცას უარი უთხრა შემოთავაზებაზე
turn sth down - დაუწიო ხმას, სითბოს ან ხმაურს
turn on - ჩართვა (ნათურის, რადიოსი)
turn t sb - ვიღაცას თხოვო დახმარება
turn up - აწევა, მოსვლა
turn sth up - აწევა ხმის
turn sth out -  წარმოება

fall behind - ვერ დაეწიო
fall for - ვიღაცამ გიღალატოს
fall in with - თანხმობა
fall on - თავდასხმა
fall out (with) - ჩხუბი

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Homework
Round-up - გვ. 92-96
Solutions - gv. 51-ის 6
Solutions workbook -  გვ. 31-ის 4, 33-ის 2, 34-ის 3, 38-ის 6. 39-ის 7, 8, 9
გვ. 8-ის მე-9 ესე https://englishclubmskh.files.wordpress.com/2018/09/toefl-essays.pdf

Words
leisure - დასვენება
set off - გაეშურო
embark - ჩაბარგება, გემის შევსება

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Homework
OOUIL - გვ. 1, 2
Solutions - გვ. 4-ის 3, 4 (სიტყვები იპოვე), 5, 9
Round-up - გვ. 36, 37

Words
dismissive - უყურადღებო
taunt - დაცინვა
dinginess - მტვერი
carry on - გაგრძელება
carry out - რაღაცას მორჩე
hold back - კონტროლი (საკუთარ თავზე, სხვებზე)
hold on - დალოდება
hold up - გადადება, მოპარვა
get in touch with: ლაპარაკი მასთან, ვისთანაც დიდი ხანია არ გისაუბრია
keep in touch with sb: შეინარჩუნო კონტაქტი
keep sth quiet: შეინახო საიდუმლო
keep an eye on sth: დაიცვა
keep one's head: სიმშვიდის შენარჩუნება
keep one's fingers crossed: იღბალი ისურვო
make oneself at home: იგრძნო თავი როგორც სალხში
make room (for sth): ადგილი გაათავისუფლო
make sure: შემოწმება

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Homework
Round-up - გვ. 49, 50
Solutions - გვ.15 ტექსტი გასარჩევად
Solutions workbook - გვ. 7-ის 1, 4, გვ.8-ის 6, გვ. 9-ის 1, 4, 5
OOUIL - გვ. 19, 20, 21
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2W85Dwxx218&t=42s&ab_channel=TED-Ed

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yJSiUm6jvI0&ab_channel=TED-Ed

Words
poverty - სიღარიბე
sweaty palm - ოფლიანი ხელისგული
molasses - ბადაგი
tersely - მოკლედ
loom - გაურკვევლად მომბჟუტავე
rummage - ჩხრეკა
hip - თეძო
out on a limb - იზოლირებული
out on a limb
out on a limb

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Homework
OOUIL - გვ. 1, 2
Round-up - გვ. 38
Solutions - გვ. 6-ის 7, გვ.7-ის 3, 5, 6
ორივე გაკვეთილის სიტყვები ჩამაბარე

Words
put an emphasis - ხაზი გაუსვა რამეს
persuade - დარწმუნება

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Homework
OOUIL - გვ. 19, 20, 21
Round-up - გვ. 51, 52, 53, 54, 190
Solutions - გვ. 17-ის 5 (ფორმალური წერილია), 19-ის 6
Solutions workbook - გვ. 10-ის 1, გვ.11-ის 4, გვ. 12-ის 2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2W85Dwxx218&t=42s&ab_channel=TED-Ed

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yJSiUm6jvI0&ab_channel=TED-Ed
სიტყვები

Words
hence - მიხედვით
quick-witted - სხარტი

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Homework
OOUIL - გვ. 25, 26, 27
Round-up - გვ. 60, 61, 62, 190
Solutions - გვ. 25 3
Solutions workbook - გვ. 17-ის 8, 9, 10. გვ. 18-ის 3, 4. გვ.19-ის 1, 5. გვ. 21-ის 2, 4, 5
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FWTNMzK9vG4&ab_channel=TED-Ed

Words
combat - ბრძოლა
possess - ფლობა
hostile - მტრული
mugging - ქუჩაში ძარცვა
coincide - დამთხვევა
deter - შეზღუდვა
barnacle - აბეზარი
lurk - დამალვა
murmur - ჩურჩული
slump - უცებ დაცემა

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Why you procrastinate even when it feels bad

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Homework
OOUIL - გვ. 25, 26, 27

Round-up - გვ. 191, 192, 63, 64

Solutions - გვ. 29-ის მე-7 დასაწერი, მე-5 სავარჯიშოს სიტყვები გამოიყენე და მინიმუმ 120 სიტყვა უნდა იყოს

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c_Eutci7ack&ab_channel=TED-Ed

სიტყვები ბოლო ორი გაკვეთილის და English in use-ს

Words

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Homework
OOUIL - გვ. 22, 23, 24
Round-up - გვ.54-59
Solutions - გვ. 22-ის 7, 23 ტექსტი, 24-ის 1, 3
სიტყვები
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MMmOLN5zBLY&ab_channel=TED-Ed

Words
discard - გადაგდება, გაუქმება
indecisive - რომ ვერ წყვეტს
upbeat - მხიარული
exasperated - გაღიზიანებული

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The benefits of a bilingual brain - Mia Nacamulli

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Homework
OUIL - გვ. 28, 29, 30, 31

Round-up - გვ. 66-70

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OKms5a0nGO4&ab_channel=TED-Ed

Solutions - გვ. 29-ის მე-7 დასაწერი, მე-5 სავარჯიშოს სიტყვები გამოიყენე და მინიმუმ 120 სიტყვა უნდა იყოს

Solutions workbook - გვ.22, 23, 26, 27

Words
swig - ყლუპი
petty - უმნიშვნელო
pluck - მოქაჩვა
Haltingly - ბორძიკით
underestimate - კარგად რომ ვერ შეაფასო

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Who decides how long a second is? - John Kitching

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Homework
OOUIL - გვ.35, 36, 37

Round-up - გვ.70-74

21.10 - 11.11 სიტყვები

Words

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Homework
OUIL - გვ. 32, 33, 34

Round-up - გვ. 66-70

Solutions - გვ. 29-ის მე-7 დასაწერი, მე-5 სავარჯიშოს სიტყვები გამოიყენე და მინიმუმ 120 სიტყვა უნდა იყოს

21.10 - 11.11 სიტყვები

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R3tbVHlsKhs&ab_channel=TED-Ed

Words
frown - დამთქნარება
grimace - დამანჭვა
grin - გაიკრიჭო
pout - გაბრაზებული ყურება
purse - ბატივით ტუჩები
fold arms - ხელების გადაჯვარედინება
scowl - გაბრაზებული გამოხედვა
indifference - ინდიფერენტულობა, ანუ ემოციას რომ არ გამოხატვა
hiccup - სლოკინი
tut - ნწნწ
sigh - ამოსუნთქვა
slurp - თხლუმპვა

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Does time exist? - Andrew Zimmerman Jones

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Homework
OOUIL - გვ. 38, 39,40

Round-up - გვ. 75-78

Solutions - გვ. 39-ის მე-6 თემა 120-180, გვ. 40-ის 2, გვ. 41-ის 6 და 11 თემა დასაწერად (საზღვარგარეთ მუშაობის დადებითი და უარყოფითი მხარეები)

21.10 - 11.11 სიტყვები

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HWE6cWEk74g&ab_channel=JimmyKimmelLive

Words
antsy - მოუსვენარი
preliminary - პირველადი

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Jenna Ortega on Playing Wednesday Addams, Going to Disney Prom & Being Against All Dipping Sauces