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A classroom activity that helps expand student's comprehension skills is after a time of reading, asking the students a question about their book. Maybe the question is, "what do you predict will happen next in your book?" Then having the students share their thoughts with a partner.

Create reading groups with your students, pair them in groups of 3 or 4. When you lead the reading time with them, pause every now and then to ask them questions about what they are reading.

These activities can be differentiated for students with exceptionalities by pairing these students in groups with students at their reading level.

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After reading a book together with your child have them tell you these five things about the book. Who was in the story? Where did the story take place? What happened in the story? How did the story end? Favorite part of the story?
The following website has more at home activities and discussions to grow your child's comprehension skills.
https://www.readingrockets.org/reading-101-guide-parents/kindergarten/comprehension-activities-your-kindergartner

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Some classroom activities that grows children's fluency skills are having students read passages multiple times in a row.

Another classroom activity that grows children's fluency is buddy reading. Buddy reading is where students are paired with older or more experienced readers.

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Some at home activities that grow children's fluency is having them read to you every day and you reading to them every day.
The following website describes how to grow your child's fluency in more ways, as well. https://www.readingrockets.org/reading-101-guide-parents/first-grade/fluency-activities-your-first-grader

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A classroom activity that teaches spelling can be writing every letter of the alphabet on its own separate stick. When a student draws a stick, they need to think of a word that starts with that letter.

Another classroom activity is giving your students a sheet of paper with vocabulary words at the top. Then telling your students to write a short story utilizing the vocabulary words.

A way to modify these activities for students with exceptionalities is to give them appropriate vocabulary words. Also, you can consider writing these new words and having them trace over your writing to practice.

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Playing an I spy game, with a twist. On a car trip, you can grow your child's vocabulary by telling them you are going to play the I spy game, but you have to go in alphabetical order. So you can say, "I spy apples." Then your child would say, "I spy blue clouds."
The following website I found to be helpful with creative ways to introduce new vocabulary to your students.
https://www.weareteachers.com/vocabulary-activities/

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A classroom activity that teaches phonics is the four in a row game. Students are paired up, each pair takes turns saying what the picture is, the first to have four in a row with the same beginning sound wins.

Another classroom activity that teaches phonics is putting pictures of objects around your classroom. Then give your students a list of digraphs on a piece of paper, when the student sees the picture, they must match the digraph with the picture on their piece of paper.

These activities can be differentiated for students with exceptionalities by simplifying the pictures and substituting the digraphs for letter sounds.

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Some activities for building phonics skills can be singing phonics themed songs together or coloring in the beginning sounds in words.
The following website was filled with at home and at school activities for how to build phonics skills. https://www.teachingexpertise.com/classroom-ideas/phonics-activities/

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A classroom activity that grows phonemic awareness can be using songs and books and highlighting patterns of rhyme the author uses.

Another classroom activity that promotes phonemic awareness is during circle time, having each student introduce themselves by clapping the syllables in their name.

These activities can be differentiated for students with exceptionalities by assisting these students when it is their turn to participate.

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Some activities that grow phonemic awareness can be doing matching pictures to words games or asking your child, "what rhymes with ___?"
The following website I found to be helpful to assist students grow in their phonemic awareness. https://www.education.vic.gov.au/school/teachers/teachingresources/discipline/english/literacy/readingviewing/Pages/litfocusphonologicalexample.aspx