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FAST FASHION
Fast fashion is a term used to describe the rapid and constant production of inexpensive clothing and accessories that follow the latest fashion trends. This business model is characterized by short lead times, quick turnover, and low production costs, which allows companies to quickly respond to changing consumer preferences and produce new designs at a low cost.(Chen et al., 2021, p. xx) and With about 1.2 billion tonnes of glasshouse gas emissions (more than all international flights and maritime shipping combined), the manufacture of textiles is the second-most polluting business in the world behind the oil industry (Change 2018). The apparel industry is predicted to consume up to 25% of the global carbon budget by 2050. (Pandey 2018). The negative impacts of the fashion industry on sustainability must be urgently addressed via circular economy strategies (Pandey 2018).

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ARTICLES:
*Fast Fashion for 2030: Cutting a More Gender-Just Fashion Industry Using the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Model | Business and Human Rights Journal | Cambridge Core
*Slowing the fast fashion industry: An all-round perspective
* Circular Economy and Sustainability of the Clothing and Textile Industry

The idea of circular economy and its possible application to the apparel and textile sector is covered in a study by (Centobelli et al., 2022, p.). They contend that a circular economy strategy can aid in decreasing the industry's environmental effect by fostering resource efficiency, cutting waste, and encouraging material reuse and recycling. The success of circular economy efforts depends on collaboration and cooperation amongst stakeholders, including governments, corporations, and consumers, according to the authors. Choi et al(2021) .'s investigation of sustainable business models in the apparel and textile sector is part of a larger body of research. The authors contend that sustainable business models like the circular economy and eco-design can support sustainability by lowering resource consumption and waste production. The authors further argue that the effective adoption of sustainable business models depends on stakeholder cooperation. According to Cartner-Morley (2021), the fast fashion sector is unsustainable and contributes to overconsumption, worker exploitation, and environmental damage. It cites statistics showing that the fashion sector generates enormous amounts of trash, accounting for 10% of global carbon emissions. the author(Niinimäki, 2015, p. xx) also points out that in order to keep costs down, many fast fashion companies use sweatshops and other methods of labor exploitation. Lastly, it makes the case that the fast fashion industry encourages customers to purchase more clothing than they actually need, which makes the industry's environmental and social issues even worse.

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The fashion industry has a significant impact on the environment due to overconsumption, waste generation, and labor exploitation. Circular economy and sustainable business models like eco-design can reduce this impact by promoting resource efficiency, waste reduction, and material reuse(Chen et al., 2021, p. ). However, the successful adoption of these models requires collaboration among stakeholders, including governments, corporations, and consumers. Fast fashion companies, in particular, contribute to the industry's sustainability issues through labor exploitation and overconsumption promotion. Addressing these issues requires a shift towards more sustainable business models and collaboration among stakeholders to support sustainable practices in the industry(Niinimäki, 2015, p. xx).

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Analysis of ethical challenges in fast fashion  

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Analysis of ethical challenges in fast fashion  

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Due to the many ethical issues it raises, the fast fashion industry has received a lot of criticism. The articles "Slowing the Fast Fashion Industry: An All-Round Perspective" and "Circular Economy and Sustainability of the Apparel and Textile Industry" both go into additional detail about these concerns(Niinimäki, 2015, p.). The fast fashion business is condemned for encouraging an excessive consumption culture. According to the article, fast fashion companies frequently introduce new collections, which encourages customers to buy more apparel than they actually need. This overconsumption causes waste and harms the ecosystem. According to the publication, a change towards more enduring and environmentally friendly fashion could aid in resolving this issue. Waste production is reduced and eliminated more effectively(Niinimäki, 2015, p.).
Fast fashion has a wide range of intricate ethical problems. The following are a few crucial points:

Labor exploitation: To make their products, many fast fashion businesses turn to low-paid labor, frequently located in developing nations. These laborers might not be paid a living wage and might work in dangerous and unhygienic conditions(Centobelli et al., 2022, p).

Impact on the environment: The fast fashion sector contributes significantly to environmental deterioration. Large amounts of water, electricity, and chemicals are needed throughout the manufacturing process, and the disposal of clothing frequently generates waste and pollution(Niinimäki, 2015, p.).

Animal welfare: Fast fashion businesses may use animal products—like leather and fur—without giving consideration to the welfare of the animals(Niinimäki, 2015, p).

Consumerism: Rapid fashion influences people to purchase more clothing than they actually need, which promotes a wasteful lifestyle(Centobelli et al., 2022, p).

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solutions:

Businesses can put fair labour standards into place to guarantee that their employees are paid a decent wage and have a safe place to work. They can also help their employees develop their talents and job prospects by offering them education and training.(Ethics Unwrapped, n.d.)

Using eco-friendly materials and cutting waste are only two examples of sustainable business practises that can be used. To lessen the amount of clothes that ends up in landfills, they can also create recycling and upcycling programmes.(Ethics Unwrapped, n.d.)

Instead of employing animal goods, businesses can utilise substitutes like faux leather or textiles made from plants.

It is possible to persuade shoppers to buy fewer, higher-quality garments and to donate or recycle their old clothes(Ethics Unwrapped, n.d.).

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1."Adopting a circular economy approach in the clothing and textile industry can lead to a sustainable future by minimizing resource consumption, reducing waste, and promoting material reuse and recycling.https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42824-021-00026-2
2. Changing our perspective on clothes consumption to prioritize quality, durability, and ethical production is necessary to slow down the fast fashion industry. To establish a more equitable and sustainable fashion sector that puts people and the environment before profits, it also needs collective action from governments, businesses, and consumers. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452223622000967
3."The movement of ethical fashion is not a trend. Better creation is the goal, not more creation. Making progress is more important than being flawless." — Elizabeth L. Cline, author of "Overdressed: The Surprisingly High Price of Cheap Fashion "https://textclothsustain.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40689-015-0002-1

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Environmental degradation is another problem for the fast fashion sector in terms of ethics. Both articles point out that producing clothing uses a lot of energy and water, and that it is frequently dumped in landfills, where it can take hundreds of years for the clothing to degrade. In the articles, it is stressed how crucial it is to transition to a circular economy, where waste is reduced and resources are utilised more effectively.(Ethics Unwrapped, n.d.)

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Discussion and application on Ethical theory

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Discussion and application on Ethical theory

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1. Kantain's theorey
A deontological ethical theory known as Kantian ethics emphasizes the value of responsibility, reason, and respect for people who are motivated to buy fewer, higher-quality items of clothing and to give or recycle their old clothing. According to Kant, decisions should be made in accordance with a general moral rule that is unaffected by the desires or feelings of the individual. The Kantian analysis of rapid fashion raises various ethical concerns.
The exploitation of employees in underdeveloped nations, who frequently labor in appalling circumstances for low pay, is one of the main issues with fast fashion. Fast fashion brands overlook their moral obligation to protect natural resources for future generations in favor of their own financial success. The health of employees and the environment must be given first priority by fast fashion enterprises(Ethics Unwrapped, n.d.).
2. Utilitarianism
An ethical philosophy called utilitarianism places a strong emphasis on doing the best for the most people. The ethical concerns surrounding the exploitation of workers and the environmental effect are key considerations when looking at fast fashion from a utilitarian standpoint. Fast fashion firms put profits above the health of their employees and the environment, which hurts both people and the environment. From a utilitarian standpoint, the negative effects of cheap and quick clothes exceed the positive ones. Fast fashion businesses must prioritize the welfare of employees and the environment by implementing sustainable and moral procedures in order to address these ethical issues. As it will benefit workers, the environment, and future generations, this will lead to the greatest good for the largest number of people(Ethics Unwrapped, n.d.).
3. W.D Ross's Ethics
Prima facie duties are moral obligations that must be taken into account while making ethical decisions, according to W.D. Ross' ethical theory. In the case of fast fashion, various obligations are significant at first glance,
Companies have a duty of non-maleficence to refrain from utilizing production and disposal methods that hurt the environment, employees, or customers. They have a moral obligation to see to it that employees are treated fairly and paid reasonably for their labor.
Fast fashion businesses must take into account these fundamental obligations when deciding how to produce goods, treat employees, and dispose of waste. They would be breaking their moral commitments if they didn't, which may hurt the environment, consumers, and workers(Ethics Unwrapped, n.d.).
4. Ethics of care.
The ethical theory of care places a stronger emphasis on interpersonal connections and relationships than it does on impersonal norms or abstract notions. The well-being of all parties involved, including workers, customers, and the environment, is the main concern when considering fast fashion from the standpoint of an ethical theory of care. This strategy emphasizes the value of empathy, compassion, and social responsibility and encourages fast fashion businesses to give consideration to the needs and interests of all stakeholders when making decisions(Ethics Unwrapped, n.d.).

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Both SDG 13 (Climate Action) and SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Development) apply to the problem of fast fashion.

SDG 8 is focused on advancing full and productive employment, sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth, and decent work for all. For paying low salaries and offering subpar working conditions, the fast fashion business has come under fire for abusing employees in underdeveloped nations. Fast fashion businesses must make sure that employees are treated properly and have access to sufficient pay and safe working conditions in order to fulfil SDG 8.
SDG 13 aspires to take immediate action to mitigate the effects of climate change. The fast fashion sector makes a sizable contribution to trash, water pollution, and carbon emissions. Fast fashion businesses must implement sustainable practises like lowering emissions, enhancing waste management, and supporting circular economy models in order to meet SDG 13.

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In conclusion, the fast fashion industry presents significant ethical and sustainability challenges, ranging from labor exploitation to environmental degradation. These issues have far-reaching implications for the achievement of SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) and SDG 13 (Climate Action) and require urgent attention from all stakeholders involved. Moving forward, fast fashion companies must prioritize sustainability and ethical practices, adopt circular economy models, reduce carbon emissions, and ensure fair treatment of workers throughout the supply chain. Consumers also have a role to play in supporting sustainable and ethical fashion by reducing their consumption, choosing quality over quantity, and advocating for change. Only through collaborative efforts can we build a more sustainable and equitable future for the fashion industry and beyond.

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1. Centobelli, P., Abbate, S., Nadeem, S. P., & Garza-Reyes, J. A. (2022). Slowing the fast fashion industry: An all-round perspective. Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 38, 100684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsc.2022.100684
2.Chen, X., Memon, H. A., Wang, Y., Marriam, I., & Tebyetekerwa, M. (2021). Circular economy and sustainability of the clothing and textile industry. Materials Circular Economy, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42824-021-00026-2

3.Niinimäki, K. (2015). Ethical foundations in a sustainable fashion. Textiles and Clothing Sustainability, 1(1).
4. (n.d.). Ethics Unwrapped. https://ethicsunwrapped.utexas.edu/