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Figure 1.1 The Bidayuh Community Traditional Dance: Rajang Be'uh    (Eagle Dance)              

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Originated when a Bidayuh legendary hero named Madu Sawan that was ordered by the King of the Pleiades to fight a legendary bird of the sky that is known as Tingkilang Ramang (The Eagle Spirit). This fight was to give right to take the King's daughter, Dara Buda for a wife.

The Rajang Be'uh or in English translates to "Eagle Dance" is usually performed after the harvest season as a form of entertainment for the guests of the longhouse.

Rejang Be'uh in the Biatah dialect or Langiin Bukar-Sadung or tigal bitagi or sigar bouh in Bau-Jagoi is usually performed by two male dancers.

Their (the dancers) with outstretched hands imitate the movements of the eagles as they flap during flight. Starting from each end of the verandah, graceful movements towards each other and in various style and motion whilst following the steady and slow beats and rhythm of the gongs and drums. When meeting eye to eye, both swoop down in crisp and swift motion as if they are attacking each other in a fight. Whilst that, invisible poisonous snakes in insects came out from Madu Sawan's pockets and attacked Tingkilang Rawang until he fell unconscious.

Lastly, at the end of the duel Tingkilang Ramang lost and Madu Sawan was declared the husband of Dara Buda.

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Figure 1.2 SMK MUARA TUANG 2013 | LANGGI JULANG | KATEGORI ETNIK | ETNIK BIDAYUH

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Based on the video, that is Langi Julang, which is a ritual dance that is performed during the closing ceremony of the harvest festival.

The sole or basically main purpose of the dance is to give their gratitude to God for showering them with good health and rich harvest. Also, it is performed to pacify the not-so-friendly spirits so that they would not harm nor disturb both of the village and villagers.

It (the dance) is also to call back upon the stray souls of the people and padi to return from the padi fields.

Langi Julang is also performed when a new chief is installed and hopes that this dance would give thanks to God and give him the blessing for him to do his job well for the well being of his people.

Also performed to welcome respected guests to the village itself.

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SMK MUARA TUANG 2013 | LANGGI JULANG | KATEGORI ETNIK | ETNIK BIDAYUH

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                                 Figure 2.1 Ngajat Traditional Iban Dance

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Ngajat originated from the Iban community and has since been passed down from generation to generation. Although the origin of this indigenous Iban dance is not clear but it is believed to be with the Iban tribe since the 16th Century.

It is a dance that is believed to have been performed by warriors on their return from battle. Nowadays, it is now performed to celebrate the most important harvest festival; Gawai Dayak, to welcome honored guests to the longhouses and more.

Whilst performing the dance:

Male dancers wear headgear that is made from tail feathers of the hornbill (but now, they use artificial feathers in order to preserve and protect the birds).

Holding a long sword in one hand and an ornately decorated shield in the other.

Laid around his neck are necklaces made out of beads and cowrie shells and wore a ceremonial cawat, or loincloth.

Slow movements, as if stalking the enemy and interspersed with dramatic prances as if he is leaping forward to attack.

Accompanied music from tribal music instruments, percussions; the enkeromong, bendai, canang and dumbak or ketebong. Musicians may be male or female.

On the other hand, the female dancers have elaborate headdress, chains, beads, an a "dress" that reaches below their knees with such intricate weavings. It is traditionally only performed by male dancers but nowadays no more.

The dance itself is arranged in straight lines and in a circle that involves dramatic leaps and jumps performed by the males. Also, Iban women and men have different styles of ngajat; which involves a lot of precise body-turning movements and is accompanied by the taboh or the body.

Ngajat for men:

More aggressive and tells that a man is going to war, or even a bird flying; as a sign of respect to the Iban's God of War, Singalang Burong.

Ngajat for women:

Soft, graceful movements with very accurate or precise body turns.

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Figure 2.2 TARIAN NGAJAT INDU - NGAJAT INDU DANCE

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Ngajat Indu; or induk that literally translates to "woman" by the  Iban's. Performed solely by the women of the Iban tribe, it (the dance) shows the grace and fluidity of the women and the intricate culture and community of the tribe.

The movements of the dance has a hidden meaning to it and it also shows their daily routine in the community of the Iban tribe that would be shown in the dance itself. Among the moves are inspired from "pembuatan pua kumbu" or "kain tenunan".

This ngajat is usually performed during Gawai festival and other cultural ceremonies in Sarawak.

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Figure 2.3 TARIAN NGAJAT LESONG (NgajaT Lesong Dance)

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The Ngajat Lesong dance, in the Iban language called Ngajat Ngetup Lesong or Ngajat Maggum Lesong, is performed by male dancers.

Based on the video that I have pasted, this dance is quite interesting because:

it involves a mortar also it requires strength, bravery and skill of the dancer to make sure they can lift the mortar using their teeth during the performance

The Ngajat Indu' is the interlude to the Ngajat Lesong dance.

This dance depicts the men fighting each other because they want to take a woman's heart to be their rightful wife. Fighting by lifting a mortar that weighs up to 20 kilograms using only their teeth. The winner is decided based on the ability and their endurance to lift the heavy mortar until no one could match with the strongest one.

This dance is usually further embellished with a performance that shows the usual noisy atmosphere of the farmers doing activities such as pounding rice (menumbuk padi) using a pestle. Also they bring their equipments such as sintung (basket), chapan (nyiru) to mark the arrival of the abundant harvest and ultimately to ward off evil spirits.

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TARIAN NGAJAT LESONG (NgajaT Lesong Dance)

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Figure 3.1 Tarian Alu Alu Etnik Melanau IPGK Batu Lintang (Kagum Kebudayaan)

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The Alu Alu, the dance of the Melanau tribe in Sarawak, is a part of the funeral rites of the tribe. It is not considered a traditional dance but a new creation dance as it performed as a means to comfort the relatives and friends of the deceased; it is usually performed at night over a span of four days.

The dance has no specific movements and can be derived from most simple and mundane of action;

It could be from everyday activities of the tribe such as cooking, bathing, farming and more.

The movements could also be inspired by dreams from work or by nature.

Within the climax of the dance, one of the male dancers climb to the top of the bamboo pole with the support of his other dancers that is holding the pole up. Then, he rests is stomach on the tip of the pole and spun constantly to the beat of the music and stops when the music has slowed down. This alone requires the feats of strength and bravery.

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Tarian Alu Alu Etnik Melanau IPGK Batu Lintang (Kagum Kebudayaan)

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Figure 4.1 Anggalang & Magunatip - The Murut Dance

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The Origin of Magunatip: It's just a prank

According to the history; more like oral history that has passed down from the elders of Murut, Magunatip started as a prank. After the paddy pounding activity, the farmers would place poles on the floor and rest after a hard day of labour. Then, somebody would use the poles to clip the foot whoever passes by and to avoid it, the victims of that would swiftly lift up their foot. That cheeky act turned into a fun game of stepping in and out of the clapping poles in rhythm then evolves into the Magunatip accompanied by music.

Today, Magunatip is mainly performed during celebrations and social occasions such as;

Bride wealth ceremonies (tinauh)

Weddings

Harvest festivals

But, in the olden days it would;

Performed in rituals (healing, pleasing spirits) to ward off evil.

Perfomed during the Mansayau ritual; celebrating the return of headhunters from raids and battles.

Also, it is a taboo to perform Magunatip on ordinary days.

Apart from animals and humans, the Murut also believe that spirits also live in other things in the world; mountains, caves, jungles, underground. Evil spirits is the epitomy of misfortune, disaster, and illness.

Murut people think the loud sounds coming from the rhythmic beating of the alu (a wooden pole that is made from belian (ironwood) that is used to pound paddy with) in Magunatip can chase them away. Rituals are carried off to assists the ritual specialists or shamans to ward off evil spirits.

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Figure 4.2 An elegant move of the Anggalang dance.

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For the Anggalang dance, it is different from the Magunatip dance. The Anggalang Magunatip dance begins with the Anggalang dance by a group of women clad in beaded and embroided Murut costumes known as Limpur.

For video reference, please refer to the first column of the Murut's.

In some cases, these women flanks or backs up one or more Murut warriors who are performing the mahihialang (moving around the stage and wield a blowpipe or a machete known as gayang). The Anggalang dance is a compilation of grace and femininity which create contrast but compliments ably with the masculine and rugged warriors, enchanting the viewers.

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https://sharmabelle.wordpress.com/the-gawai-festival/introduction/bidayuh-dance/#:~:text=The%20main%20purpose%20of%20the,the%20village%20and%20the%20villagers.

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https://sharmabelle.wordpress.com/the-gawai-festival/introduction/ngajat-dance/

https://pemetaanbudaya.jkkn.gov.my/state/subcategory/culture/636

https://pemetaanbudaya.jkkn.gov.my/state/category/culture/637

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https://www.borneotalk.com/allure-mysticism-folklore-in-the-dances-of-sarawak/

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https://www.mysabah.com/wordpress/murut-bamboo-dance-magunatip/

https://www.sabahtravel.com/articles/post/magunatip-the-bamboo-dance-of-the-murut-people

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Magunatip, more well-known as "Bamboo Dance", is considered as one of the most popular traditional dances in Sabah. The name "Magunatip" is derived from the word "apit", which means "to press between two surfaces." In the dance, dancers need good timing and agility to put their feet between the clapping bamboo poles, without being trapped.

To create more fun, the music tempo and the clapping speed of the bamboo will become faster and faster and FASTER (so is the your heart beating), so the audiences will be super-impressed by the exciting ending. In the past, Magunatip was a warrior dance to welcome the return of Murut headhunters. Today bamboo dance is commonly performed in cultural functions and celebrations for entertainment and socializing purposes.

Based on what I have seen in the past, there are two primary types of bamboo poles arrangement for Magunatip, namely, parallel and cross styles (tell me if you know the exact term). You can see the Bamboo Dance video clips in these pages:
1) Bamboo Dance (Cross Style): Taken in Pesta Kaamatan 2006 *new
2) Magunatip by kids: Performed by cute little school kids from SK Sembulan and SRK Stella Manis. Their presentation got overwhelming good responses from the local press and community.
3) Bamboo Dance Tutorial: Beginner level. Great guide for overseas students who want to organise a cool performance in Cultural Night of their colleges.
4) Advanced Magunatip: By professional dancers from Monsopiad Village. Only try it if you want broken bones.
5) Crazy Bamboo Dance: The speed is so EXTREME that you worry about the dancer.
6) Bamboo Dance (Parallel Style): Taken in Pesta Kaamatan 2005
7) Bamboo Dance - Ultimate Level: Do bamboo dance blindfolded!!!

The dance looks so easy and graceful, doesn't it?

Usually the dancers are pleased to invite the audience to try. But when we do it, it ends up like below:

Everyone dances like a jumping chicken, most end up either their feet or shoes caught by the bamboo. You can laugh laugh at the side, but when you really try it yourself, you will know it requires a lot of practice. Click Here to see the video of what happens if you make the wrong move. Can be painful...

Other ethnic groups such as Dusun Tambunan and Kwijau Dusun also got bamboo dance. Below is the bamboo dance picture of Rungus people from Kudat.

Hope you find that bamboo dance is fun. If you manage to organise a Magunatip performance by using the information here, please post the link here to your photos online (if any).

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Magunatip the Murut headhunter dance | MySabah.com

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Magunatip, more well-known as "Bamboo Dance", is considered as one of the most popular traditional dances in Sabah. The name "Magunatip" is derived from the word "apit", which means "to press between two surfaces." In the dance, dancers need good timing and agility to put their feet between the clapping bamboo poles, without being trapped.

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Figure 5.1 Tarian Bhangra Bersama Hardeep Singh | Feel Good Show 2018 (Deepavali)

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Bhangra is a folk dance and music of the Punjab and the popular music genre that emerged from the mid-to-late 20th century. It enjoys an immense following in South Asia and within the South Asian diaspora.

The term Bhangra originally designated a particular dance performed Sikh and Muslim men in the farming districts of the Punjab region of South Asia. Springing from the land of five rivers, it abundantly reflects the vigor, the vitality, the leaven of exuberance, and the hilarity permeated among the rural folk by the promise of a bumper crop. The Bhangra season starts with the wheat sowing and then every full moon attracts teams of the young men in every village who dance for hours in open fields.

In a typical performance:

Several dancers executed vigorous kicks, leaps, and bends of the body to the accompaniment of short songs called boliyan and, to the bead of a dhol (double-headed drum).

Striking with the heavy beater on one end and with a lighter stick on the other, the dhol imbued the music with a syncopated; which means accents on the weak beats.

Bhangra is considered the King of Dances. There are several styles of dancing Bhangra; Sialkoti, Sheikhupuri, Tribal, Malwa, Majha. One of the Bhangra's moves is also akin to the moves of the Shiv-Tandav dance, which is danced on one leg. Damru, hand-drum is also used in Bhangra which shows that folk dances and war dances have similar parentage.

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Tarian Bhangra Bersama Hardeep Singh | Feel Good Show 2018 (Deepavali)

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https://www.britannica.com/art/bhangra

https://www.allaboutsikhs.com/punjab/punjab-the-folk-dances/

https://punjabtourismguide.wordpress.com/dance-music/

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NURIN INSYIRAH BINTI MOHD KAMAL | LG243 |(2023513867)

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NURIN INSYIRAH BINTI MOHD KAMAL | LG243 |(2023513867)

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Author's note: Hi there! Nurin here :D But my classmates call me Insyirah sooo I don't really mind any name. I don't have much to say but what I do have to say is that I hope this padlet would be of help for any of you who would want to know a bit more of our culture in our country!

P.s: Leave a comment or rating so that I will know what any of ya'll think of my padlet :D

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1. Bidayuh

2. Iban

3. Melanau

4. Murut

5. Sikh/Punjabi

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This padlet would be focusing around the different cultures, traditions and ethnics in Malaysia. In my padlet, I will be focusing on the Bidayuh, Iban, Melanau, Murut and Sikh/Punjabi's.

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EIC404: REFLECTION

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EIC404: REFLECTION